OLLAR THE NEW GRADATIM GINN AND COMPANY L LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. GIFT OF Class THE NEW GRADATIM A REVISION, WITH MANY ADDITIONS AND OMISSIONS, OF "GRADATIM," AN EASY LATIN TRANSLATION BOOK FOR BEGINNERS H. R. HEATLEY, M.A.- BEAUDESERT PARK SCHOOL, HENLEY-IN-ARDEN AND H. N. KINGDOM, M.A. HEAD-MASTER OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, DORCHESTER | J PREPARED BY WM. C. COLLAR HEAD-MASTER OF THt, ROXBT-tJ V L> TIN SCHOOL, BOSTON OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BOSTON, U.S.A., AND LONDON GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1899 iQ^v COPYRIGHT, 1895 BY WM. C. COLLAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 'NOTE TO THE REVISED EDITION OF 1889. I HAVE found Gradatim to be a most useful book to accompany and supplement the first year's work in Latin. The Latin is pure, simple, and idiomatic, easily under- stood by the young learners, interesting, and even amus- ing. If Caesar must be read as the first classical author, this book may be very happily used for some weeks to smooth the way, by giving practice in translating easy Latin. The enormous sale of the book in England shows how helpful it has proved to teachers in Latin there. The work of revision has consisted mainly in rewriting the first twenty anecdotes, — in which the authors made the unhappy experiment of writing the Latin in English order, — marking the quantity of long vowels everywhere, and correcting the vocabulary, which was unusually rich in mistakes. WM. C. COLLAR. ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL, June, 1889. THE above note shows at what point this second revi- sion has been taken up. It was my purpose to do little iv NOTE TO REVISED EDITION. more than correct errors that had been overlooked in pre- vious impressions, and make certain omissions ; but pro- longed examination suggested other changes, together with additions so various and important that it has seemed necessary to modify the title in order to distin- guish this edition from the book in its earlier form. Thirty-four anecdotes have been omitted. Some of these seemed rather pointless, others a little questionable in tone or taste. By permission of the author of Fabulae Faciles, Mr. F. Ritchie, the Story of the Argonauts and the Story of Ulys- ses, amounting to nearly thirty pages, have been added. Some important principles of grammar have been added, emphasized, or expanded. Notes explaining such difficulties as it has been found embarrass and delay young pupils are given at the end of the reading lessons. Finally, immediately following each anecdote, from two to ten of the words that occur in the text are set down, chosen out as likely to be the least familiar to the learner, and either defined by more familiar Latin words, or having references to places where they have occurred in preced- ing anecdotes. It is most important to encourage stu- dents in every way to form the habit, when they meet with what seems a new word, or a familiar word in a new sense, of trying to recall its previous occurrence, instead of turning at once to the vocabulary, or to a lexicon. NOTE TO REVISED EDITION. v The need of putting some easy Latin into the hands of pupils very early in their study, to accompany and sup- plement the learning of forms and the elements of syntax, is now happily coming to be realized, and it is hoped that The New Gradatim will be found to supply exactly that want. The Stories of the Argonauts and of Ulysses, abound- ing as they do in the words, idioms, and constructions of Caesar's Gallic War, ought to make it easy for the pupil to pass from them to The Gate to Ccesar ; but it will generally be better to interpose not a little easy and rapid reading for the sake of an enlarged vocabulary. WM. C. COLLAR. ROXBURY LATIN SCHOOL, June, 1895. CONTENTS. HINTS TO BEGINNERS. PAGE Pronunciation . T Verb PAGE . Q6 Declension 2 3 5 6 8 10 16 ii 22 27 32 33 39 4i 48 48 OF 12 13 14 H 15 18 18 Infinitive c6 Con j ugation Space Double Accusative Quality • ov • • 57 . . 61 . . 62 Subject and Predicate . . Transitive and Intransitive Verbs ....... Adjectives Participles . 67 Price and Value . . Deponent Verbs . . Gerunds and Supines Impersonal Verbs . . Subjunctive Mood Accusative and Infiniti Indirect Questions Cum Causal or Conces Relative of Purpose . Ablative Absolute . . Notes . . 67 . . 72 • • 77 . . 80 . . 87 ve . 95 . . 95 sive . 96 . . 96 • • 139 129-143 145-189 . . 19 20 Apposition Question Order Partitive Genitive .... Demonstrative Pronouns . Comparison Time The Relative Active and Passive . . . "Cui" Verbs Place VOCABULARY . . . STORIES. Orchard-robbing . . Faithful Caleb . . . TABLE The Naughty Boy .... The Rotten Apples . . . The Miser The Broken Dike .... The Piper's Slave .... The Young Doctor . . . The Sporting Doctor . . . Judge Gascoyne . . Alfred and the Cakes . Sir Walter Raleigh . Too Clever by Half . The Young Shaver . . . 20 . . 21 . . 21 . . 22 • • 23 Vlll CONTENTS. Logic 23 Wat Tyler 24 The Miser's Shoes ... 25 Cruel Frederick ... . . 26 Follow the Leader .... 26 The Vulture's Nest ... 28 The Standard 29 The Faithful Hound ... 30 The Gossip 31 The Siege of Calais ... 31 The Babes in the Wood . . 34 The Rats in the Barn . .35 The Pied Piper 37 Caught by the Tide ... 38 Rollo and the Two Sticks . 38 Buried Alive 39 A Ride on the Centaur's Back 43 A Wonderful Dream ... 44 The Lighthouse .... 45 The Snowstorm .... 46 A Noble Action .... 47 The Ugly Duckling ... 50 The Touch of Gold ... 51 The Gossiping Trees ... 52 A Scapegoat 53 Ingratitude 53 The Wolves 54 A Cat's Paw 55 A Breach of Discipline . . 58 A Bull's-eye 58 The Weather-wise Donkey . 59 How to please Everybody . 60 The Inexhaustible Purse . 62 The Golden Loaf .... 63 Hospitality 64 Honesty is the Best Policy . 64 PAGE Self-Restraint 65 A Promising Pupil ... 66 Counting her Chickens . . 66 Adventures of Robert . . 68 A Lover Lost 70 The Guards Outwitted . .71 A Disguised Monarch . .71 Which is the King ? ... 72 Dumb Show 73 A Hard Bargain .... 74 The Foolish Maid-Servants 76 Inattention Rebuked ... 76 The Robbers 78 Caught by the Robbers . .79 Two can play at that Game 79 The Forty Thieves ... 80 The Wonderful Island . . 81 The Diamond Valley ... 82 The Giant's Cave .... 83 The Royal Sepulchre ... 83 The Old Man of the Sea . 84 How to pick Cocoanuts . -85 The Elephant's Burial-place 85 The Subterranean Passage 96 Home at Last 87 The Donkey's Advice . . 88 The Bottom of the Stream 89 A Dishonest Couple ... 90 May a Man do what he likes with his own ? .... 91 The Good-natured Boy . . 92 Timely Assistance .... 92 The Attack on the Castle . 93 An Ill-matched Pair ... 94 Greediness Punished ... 94 The Argonauts . . . 97-111 Ulysses 112-125 THE NEW GRADATIM. \ PRONUNCIATION. - 1. Vowels. a like last a in aha'. i like z* in pin. a " first # in aha'. o " 0 in ^0/y. e " e in M<?y. o " o in wholly?- e " £ in «?^/. u " oo in ^<?/. I " z* in machine. u2 " ^£? in 2. Diphthongs. ^ae like a/ in az.r/i. tf^-oe like 0z" in boil. au « 0# in our. eu " *?# in feud. ei " « in eight. ui " «;*. 3. Consonants. Consonants generally have the same sounds as in English. But observe the following: — c like c in come. B like s in sun.4 g " g in get. t " /in time.6 i3 " j in _y^/. v " w in w/w^. • ch like k in &'/*. 1 That is, as the word is com- nounced like w, and joined in ut- monly pronounced ; the sound terance with the preceding letter, heard in holy, shortened. 3 1-consonant, that is, before a 2 In qu, and also commonly in vowel in the same syllable. gu and su before a vowel, u is a 4 Never like 2. semi-vowel or consonant, is pro- 5 Never like sh. 2 DECLENSION. DECLENSION. 4. Nouns are the Names of Things. In English we say, — The wasp killed the bee. The bee killed the wasp. In these sentences the words "wasp" and "bee" are unchanged; though in one the "wasp" does the action, and the "bee" suffers the action. In the other the opposite is true. The order only has been altered. In Latin this difference is expressed, not by alter- ing the order, but by changes in the form of the word called case-endings. NOMINATIVE, vespa, apis, when the wasp or the bee does the action. ACCUSATIVE, vespam, apem, when the wasp or the bee suffers the action. Vespa apem necavit. The wasp killed the bee. Vespam apis necavit. The bee killed the wasp. Pronouns are the only words in English which have different forms for nominative and accusative. NOM. I ; who. Ace. me ; whom. CONJUGA TION. 3 5. Besides the nominative and accusative, Latin has three other cases, Genitive, Dative, Ablative, the meaning of which is expressed in English by prepositions, of, to, by, etc. GENITIVE, hastarum, of spears. DATIVE. hastae, to a spear. ABLATIVE, hasta, with a spear. 6. There are thus in Latin five cases in the singular, each with its own ending, and the same number in the plural. To give these changes in the form of a noun is called declining a noun. There are also two other cases, the vocative and the locative. The vocative is used of the person addressed, but it has always the same form as the nominative, except in nouns in -us of the second declension. The locative is almost confined to names of towns, and expresses the idea of at, in, on. CONJUGATION. 7. Verbs express actions. Actions are done by different persons : we express this difference in English by placing pronouns before the verb, sometimes (but not often) altering its form also. / love, you love, he (or she} loves. 4 CONJUGA TION. In Latin there is a special form for each person, both in the singular and the plural, therefore the pronoun need not be used. amo, / love ; anias, you lovej amat, he loves. All nouns are of the third person ; if, therefore, a noun is used, the verb will be in the third person. aves cantant, birds sing. 8. Actions differ also in the time in which they are done ; they may be present, past, or future. In English, to express this difference, we use other verbs, called auxiliary or helping verbs, though there is also a special form for past time. PRESENT. / love, am loving, or do love. PAST. / was loving, used to love, did love, loved. FUTURE. / shall love. In Latin there are special tense-forms to express these differences of time. PRESENT, amo, / love, am loving, or do love. PAST. amabam, / was loving, used to love, did love, loved. x FUTURE. amabo, / shall love. To give these special tense-forms is called conju- gating a verb. In Latin the present is often used of a past act, as in English, for the sake of greater vividness. See examples in the first and second anecdotes, SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 5 SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 9. Sentences are divided into subject and pred- icate. The subject is the person or thing talked about. The predicate is what is said about the subject. The subject may be — Simple: One noun. Birds sing. Qualified: Noun with words added to it to tell you something more about the subject. Small birds sing. Composite : Two or more nouns. Blackbirds and thrushes sing. The predicate may be — One verb. Birds sing. Verb with qualifying word or words. Birds sing sweetly. Verb with governed word or words. Birds sing sweet songs. In Latin the subject and predicate may both be contained in a single word. cantamus, we sing. 6 INTRANSITIVE VERBS. 10. Special attention must be paid in Latin to certain RULES, which are not so necessary in English. RULE i. — The verb must be of the same person and number as its nominative. corvi cantant, ravens croak. corvi canto would mean, ravens I croak, which would be nonsense. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE IN ONE WORD. 1. ridemus, we laugh. 2. ambulabatis, you were walking. 3. manebimus, we shall remain. 4. videbis, you will see. 5. dabant, they were giving. 6. erimus, we shall be. 7. tenetis, you hold. 8. vulnerabitis, you will wound. SUBJECT DISTINCT FROM PREDICATE. SUBJECT. PREDICATE. 1. pueri manebant, boys were remaining. 2. servi ridebunt, slaves will laugh. 3. ego et nuntius manebimus, the messenger and I shall remain. 4. tu et puella cantabitis, you and the girl will sing. 5. taurus apparet, a bull appears. INTRANSITIVE VERBS. 11. When an action affects only the doer the verb is called intransitive, because its action does not pass across from the doer to anything else. maiieo, / remain. TRANSITIVE VERBS. 7 TRANSITIVE VERBS. But when an action affects some person or thing besides the doer the verb is called transitive, because the action passes across from the doer to the other person or thing, and this latter is put into the accusative case. RULE 2. — When used transitively, verbs govern the accusative case. 1 . periculum videbitis, you will see danger. 2. timemus lupum, we fear the wolf. 3. amicos advocamus, we call to friends. 4. intro aquam, / enter the water. SUBJECT. PREDICATE. 1 . puer taurum vulnerabit, the boy will wound the bull. 2. taurus vulnerat puenim, the bull wounds the boy. 3. magister puellam docebit, the m aster will teach the girl. 4. fossae agros terminant, ditches bound the fields. 12. Care must be taken not to confuse the accusa- tive case with the dative. These are easily confused in English, since the preposition to, which is the sign of the dative, is frequently left out. RULE 3. — The dative is the case of the recipient, or the person (or thing) who is interested in an action but does not actually suffer it. I give sugar to the wasp. I give the wasp sugar. 8 ADJECTIVES. What I give is sugar ; the wasp receives it, and is interested in what I do. SUBJECT. PREDICATE. 1. magiater fabulam pueris narrat, the master tells a story to the boys. 2. agricola dabit poma amicls, the farmer will give apples to his friends. 3. advena puellae cibum praebet, the stranger fur- nishes the girl food. 4. furtum domino apparet, the theft is apparent to the master. 5. praefectus oppido praeerat, the governor was in charge of the town. ADJECTIVES. 13. An adjective is a word added to a noun to distinguish it from others like it. In English, adjectives have only one form. In Latin, many adjectives have three terminations in each case, one for each of the three genders, — masculine, feminine, and neuter. Possessive adjectives agree in Latin with the thing possessed, and are not affected as in English by the gender of the possessor. taurus vulneravit suam dominam, the bull wounded his mistress. ADJECTIVES. RULE 4. — An adjective must be put in the same gender, number, and case as the noun with which it is used. saevus oculus, savage eye. clara aqua, clear water. vir eat bonus, the man is good. In English the gender of a word is always settled by the meaning, but in Latin there is more difficulty, for it is settled generally, not by the meaning, but by the form of a word. eye is neuter in English. oculus is masculine in Latin. SUBJECT. 1 . templa 2. agricolae 3. servus SUBJECT. 1 . multae puellae 2. niger servus 3. maesti agricolae PREDICATE. Copula. Complement. sunt sacra, temples are sacred. erant probi, farmers were honest. est piger, the servant is lazy. PREDICATE. canoram fistulam amant, many girls love a melodious fife. timebat cornigerum taurum, the black slave feared the horned bull. saevum bellum timebunt, the sad farmers will fear cruel war. 14. The genitive case of a noun can often be used instead of an adjective. My father's gardens \ paterm hortl. patris hortl. 10 APPOSITION. SUBJECT. PREDICATE. 1. nuutius deorum adest, the messenger of the gods is present. 2. ripae rivi sunt altae, the banks of the river are high. 3. verbci amicorum sunt grata, the words of friends are pleasing. 4. feminarum ira est acerba, the anger of women is bitter. 5. ocean! midae terrain inundabunt, the waves of the ocean will deluge the land. RULE 5. — A noun used to limit or define another, and not meaning the same person or thing, is put in the genitive. APPOSITION. 15. RULE 6. — When a descriptive noun is joined to another, meaning the same person or thing, it is called an appositive. An appositive agrees in case with the noun which it limits. 1. verberabo Caium, malum puerum, / shall beat Caius, a bad boy. 2. membra Pompei, servi Afri, sunt nigra, the limbs of Pompey, the African slave, are black. 3. Roman! oppidum Veios oppugnabunt, the Romans will besiege the town Veii. 4. dabimus argentum poetae, nostro amico, we shall give silver to the poet, our friend. 11 16. The ablative case generally qualifies a verb like an adverb, and answers the questions, how ? why ? when 2 where ? He slew him, with a sword, from hatred, at night, in the street. OBS. i. — The conjunction -que, and, cannot stand by itself, but is joined to the end of the word to which it belongs. pueri puellaeque. pueri et puellae OBS. 2. — Latin has no article ; therefore in translating a noun think whether you ought to put in a or the before it or not. OBS. 3. — The possessive pronouns my, his, their, etc., are often left out in Latin. servi videbant dominum, the slaves saw their master. ORDER. 17. English, having so few case-endings, is tied down to a particular order of words. The man swallowed the fish is different from The fish swallowed the man. Latin has much more freedom. homo devoravit piscem, piscem homo devoravit, piscem devoravit homo, devoravit piscem homo, all mean, "The man swallowed the fish." 12 ANECDOTES. While — piscis devoravit hominerrl, hominem piscis devoravit, etc.) all mean, "The fish swallowed the man." Thus the beginner must not be surprised to find- (1) The accusative before the verb ; (2) The nominative after the verb ; (3) The adjective after its noun. RULE 7. — In making out the meaning, it is often best to take the words in the order in which they come ; but if this does not give the sense, look first for the verb ; it always points to, if it does not include, the nominative. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The figures under the Anecdotes refer to the Anecdotes by number and line. These references are designed to remind the learner of the previous occurrence of the same word, or of a word of the same family. If he has forgotten the meaning, he should look back, instead of referring again to the vocabulary. If the former meaning does not seem appropriate, the vocabulary should be consulted and the meanings in the two sentences be compared. It will be apparent that only a few of the words that are repeated have been selected for comparison. Latin words are occasionally defined by other Latin words, supposed to be more familiar to the learner, mainly for the purpose of giving him increased readiness in reading and writing Latin, but the words defined and the definitions are no more exact synonyms than in similar cases in English. The abbreviation cf. stands for confer, i.e., compare. i. The Naughty Boy. Albertus, puer Ignavus, litteras non amabat. Magi- strum suum saepe vitabat et agros pererrabat. At taurus ANECDOTES. 13 saevus habitabat agros. Aliquando puerum videt. Primo stat et advenam lustrat saevls oculis. Albertus fugam tentat. Turn Instat taurus. Mox miser! puerl 'tergurn volnerabit monstrum cornigerum. litteras, libros. lustrat, spectot. saevus, ferox. mstat, persequitur. 2. The Naughty Boy — continued. Fossa lata, limo et aqua plena, forte terminabat agrum. Puer miser loco appropmquat et aquae se mandat temere. Aqua non est alta, sed llmus profundus membra cohibet. Taurus puerum videt sed aquae perlculum timet. Diu haeret Albertus ; taurus vana Ira captlvum lustrat. At agricola forte agrum intrat. Statim baculo magno taurum deturbat liberatque puerum. diu, longum temfus. at, i, 2. lustrat, i, 4. deturbat, fugat, depellit. 3. The Rotten Apples. Carolus, agricolae impigri filius, bonus erat puer sed amlcos amabat malos. Agricola igitur puero calathum pomorum plenum dat. Bona continebat calathus poma, pauca tamen erant putrida. Puer donum diligenter curat, sed poma mala maculant bona, et mox mala sunt cuncta. Carolus maestus adversam fortunam plorat. Turn agricola filium ita monet : " Poma mala maculant bona, certe mall amici maculabunt puerum bonum." impiger, non tgndvus, i, i. cuncta, omnia. plenum, 2, i. maestus, trlstis. mox, i, 5. adversam, malam< 14 ANECDOTES. 4. The Miser. Plutus, vir avarus, parvam fossam parat, atque ibi argentum celat multum. Servus forte agrum arabat. Subito latebras nudat spoliatque argentum. Postridie domino apparet furtum, nam oculis avidis thesaurum suum saepe spectabat. Miser Plutus terram et caelum implet querelis. Mercurius, fidus deorum nuntius, subito adest, et causam lacrimarum benigne postulat. Plutus igitur fortunam malam ita narrat. subito, cf. statim, 2, 6. implet, cf. plenum, 3, 3. spectabat, lustrdbat, i, 4. adest, advenit. 5. The Miser — continued. " Sum vir egenus, tamen parvum habebam thesau- rum ; magna cura pecuniam meam semper servavi. Nunc tamen nihil mihi manet." At deus maestum viri animum mulcet et fossam saxis implet. Turn Plutum admonet ita : " Tu quidem argentum semper lustrabas, nee umquam attrectabas divitias. Avaro divitiae non prosunt ; saxa igitur argent! locum tibi supplebunt." egenus, pauper. implet, 4, 6. tamen, 3, 4. admonet, monet, 3, 7. maestum, 3, 6. attrectabas, tangebds. 6. The Broken Dike. Cimbri terram habitant mlram, nam oceanus tecta agros- que agricolarum saepe inundat. Incolae fossis tumulis- que magms undarum violentiam coercent ; aliquando tamen aqua claustra deturbat et vastat terram. Forte erat tumulus non validus ; iam apparet parva rima ; mox via magna patebit et terram superabunt undae. At ANECDOTES. 15 perlculum videt puer parvus ; statim dextra rimam implet coercetque aquam. coercent, cohibent, 2, 4. apparet, 4, 4. deturbat, 2, 7. dextra, supply manu. 7. The Broken Dike — continued. Diu et constanter servabat puer praesidium. lam rigebant membra, at dextra parva aquam semper coe'rce- bat. Postridie agricolae loco approplnquant. Puer fri- gidus et moribundus dextra tamen aquam coercet. Saxls celeriter tumulum conformant, et limo rimam implent. Turn umerls puerum sublevant recreantque cibo. Tantam constantiam saepe commemorant Cimbri, narrantque libe- ris suis puerl factum. dm, 2, 5. postridie, 4, 3. dextra, 6, 7. approplnquant, 2, 2. coercebat, 6, 3. constantiam, cf. constanter, 7, i. 8. The Piper's Slave. Carolus, puer inhonestus, servus erat Clodi, honest! viri. Clodius erat fistula peritus et canons sonis ami- cos saepe delectabat ; at fistulam non amabat puer, sed saepe erat domino molestus. Forte agricola, Clodi vicinus, nuptias filiae celebrat, vocatque et dominum et servum. Cena erat copiosa ; mensa caseum magnum vix sustinebat ; hie ova, illic poma erant ; at convivarum oculos praecipue delectabat porculus. hie . . . illic, here . . . there. at, sed, 2, 3. poma, 3, 3. praecipue, mdxime. 9. The Piper's Slave — continued. Convivae epulas exspectant cupide ; mox splendide cenabunt. Interea saltant et dominus Carol! fistula 16 QUESTIONS. cantat. At puer avidls oculls mensam lustrat et videt porculum. Raptim dextra tenet praedam et fugam tentat frustra. Nam Clodius fugitlvum occupat, recuperat prae- dam ; baculo tergum servi mall verberat. Inde Carolus maestus et ieiunus mall factl poenas dat. convivae, 8, 7. avidis, 4, 4. epulas, cf. cena, 8, 6. raptim, statim, 2, 6. mox, 3, 5. tentat, i, 4. cenabunt, cf. cena, 8, 6. baculo, 2, 6. QUESTION. 18. To turn a simple statement into a question in English place the nominative after its verb. statement, you are happy, question, are you happy? Sometimes interrogative words are used as well. why are you happy? In Latin interrogative words are always used. The most common are — num, expecting the answer no. nonne, expecting the answer yes -ne, expecting the answer yes or no. -ne is always joined to the first word in the sentence. STATEMENT. QUESTION. I. equus 11011 habet pennas, 2. num equus habet pennas ? the horse has not wings. has the horse wings, he has not, has he ? QUESTIONS. 17 3. pueri amant poma, boys 4. nonne pueri amant poma ? like apples. do not boys like apples ? 5. medicus est aeger, the doc- 6. est-ne medicus aeger? is tor is sick. the doctor sick ? 7. verberas canem, you are 8. cur verberas canem ? why beating the dog. are you beating the dog? In translating questions into English the auxiliary verb do is often used. cur laudatis puerum ? why do you praise the boy ? Double questions (i.e., two questions expecting one answer) must have two interrogative words. utrum mihi an meo fratri dabis pomum ? will you give me or my brother an apple ? 19. Prepositions when used in Latin govern the accusative or ablative case. The following govern the ablative case : a, ab, absque, coram, de, palam, clam, cum, ex, ande, sine, tenus, pro, and prae. Sometimes in, sub, super, subter govern the ablative. All the other prepositions govern the accusative case. cum, with, is joined to personal, reflexive, and relative pronouns. "me-cum, with me, vaibis-cum, with you, with whom, etc. 18 ANECDOTES. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following anecdotes require a knowledge of — (a) Declensions I, II, III. Nouns. (ft) Present VT j- *• A «.• r ^u T,,. , / Indicative Active of the Third \ and Fourth Conjugations. Future Simple ) 10. The Young Doctor. Medicus quondam longo labore fessus breve otium apud rusticam villam amici petebat. Interea filio curam clientium committebat. luvenis labore superbus comiti iocoso fortunam ita narrat : " Pater mihi clientes suos committit." "At," respondei amicus, "ubi pater urbem repetit, ex clientibus quot supererunt ? " quondam, aliquando, i, 3. ita, 3, 7 ; 5, 5. interea, 9, 2. supererunt, mm erunt. ii. The Sporting Doctor. Timon medicus, vir benlgnus sed suae artis omnmo Ignarus, nee causas nee remedia morborum intellegebat. Itaque clientes plerumque e vita discedebant. Timon erat venator, sedulus quidem sed impentus. Canes et equos habebat multos, sed iacula sagittasque praecipue amabat. Quondam dum tela ante portam aedium parat, occurrit amicus. " Hodie saltern," inquit, " 6 medice, nihil occldes." benlgnus, 4, 7. praecipue, 8, 8. itaque, igitur, 4, 8. aedium, domus. imperitus, cf. ferttus, 8, 2. occldes, necdbis. < ANECDOTES. 19 1 2 . Orchard-robbing. >T-4JlcoO In Hispania olim vivebat Nero, puer improbus. Forte erat vlcmo in horto arbor magna maturls pomis onusta. Ubi puer arborem videt, magna cupldo praedae animum occupat. " Num dominus me videbit?" inquit puer avidus. " Cur arborem non statim ascendo ? " Itaque sine mora ramum prehendit et in arborem se trahit. lam inter poma sedet ; iam dextra fruges tenet gratas. At subito raucum clamorem audit. Ecce sub arbore magnum saevumque canem videt. Frustra Nero se celat, nam canis furem sentit impletque agros clamore rauco. Denique sub arbore iacet exspectatque pue- rum. improbus, inhonestus, 8, i. avidus, 9, 3. vicino, 8, 5. dextra, 6, 7. onusta, cf. plena. iam, 7, i. cupldo, cf. cupide, 9, i. subito, 4, 3. occupat, 9, 5. frustra, 9, 5. 13. Orchard-robbing — continued. Diu in alta sede manet puer. Interea consilia multa et callida in animo volvit. " Nonne custos saevus mox dormiet? Nonne callgo noctis me liberabit ?" Denique quod canis praesidium non relinquit, de salute desperat. At fortuna captivum iuvat. Taurus niger agrum intrat. Statim videt canem et torva fronte inimicum antiquum petit. Nee pugnam recusat canis, sed dentibus saevis modo tergum modo frontem tauri tentat. Turn puer occasionem non praetermittit, at ex arbore desilit petitque fugam. Adversarii nee fugam sentiunt nee pugnam relin- 2© ANECDOTES. quunt. Itaque Nero a tanto perlculo tutus pro salute dis agit gratias. sede, cf. sedet, 12, 7. denique, 12, u. manet, 5, 3. torva, saevd. interea, 10, 2. sentiunt, 12, 10. saevus, I, 3. dis, from deus. 14. Faithful Caleb. Tlmon erat vir generosus sed egenus. In aedibus magnis sed obsoletis habitabat, et inopiam cibi saepe tolerabat. Calebus, servus domesticus, multum amabat Timonem et paupertatem domini celabat diligenter. Aliquando viatores multi hospitium a Tlmone petebant. Vir benignus portas aedium libenter aperit. Ubi hora cenae adest, quod cibum habebat nullum, Calebus pau- lum haeret. Vicinus forte epulas celebrabat; subito ad locum currit Calebus et magna voce, " Aedes ardent," exclamat. Convivae hue illuc erumpunt. At Calebus sine mora a mensa anserem abstrahit nitidum apponitque viatoribus epulas magnificas. egenus, 5, i . cenae, 8, 6. obsoletis, rumosis. haeret, 2, 5. celabat, 4, 2. vicinus, 8, 5. viatores, cf. via. epulas, 9, i. X5- Judge Gascoyne. Henricus IV., rex Britannorum, pigrum prodigumque filium habebat ; nam iuvenis comites malos nimium ama- bat. Forte elves Caium, amicum principis, coram iudice accusant furtl. Princeps ad locum properat et dlris minis veniam delicti postulat. At iudex, vir strenuus, veniam negat. Princeps igitur gladium stringit. Turn iudex ANECDOTES. 21 catenis iuvenem vincit superbum. Post mortem patris iuvenis Henrlcus, iam rex, iudici praemia digna dat habetque in amicorum numero. pigrum, cf. impigri, 3, i. postulat, 4, 7. furti, 4, 4 ; ci.furem, 12,10. delicti, mall facti, 9, 7. 16. Alfred and the Cakes. Aluredus, rex Britannorum, cum Dams saepe pugnabat. Primum Dam copias regias vincebant, et rex exsul hospi- tium ab incolis parvae casae petit. Incolae figurae regis Inscii hospiti cenam exiguam lectumque durum praebent. Postridie ad laborem pergunt. Agricola oves pascit ; uxor verrit aedes , rex ignem incendit torretque liba. Mox tamen quod Aluredus multls curls anxius laborem prae- termittit, flammae adurunt liba. At uxor agricolae ubi factum videt Ira plena hospitem pigrum increpat, et dextra aures regias verberat. Sed rex poenam patienter tolerat. petit, 14, 5. curls, 10, 2. hospiti, from hospes. praetermittit, 13, 9. exiguam, parvam. adurunt, incendunt. aedes, u, 6. regias = regis. 17. Sir Walter Raleigh. Elisabetha, regma Brittanorum, vestes splendidas et pretiosas semper gerebat. Fgrte magna cum caterva comitum per vicos urbis ambulabat. Subito ante pedes multum videt lutum. Regina stat incerta quod viam lubricam timet. At ex turba exsilit iuvenis ; umerls novum pallium detrahit et locum tegit vestimento ; turn iterum ad socios recurrit. Laeta regma super pallium 22 ANECDOTES. ambulat nee pedem maculat. Statim grata iuvenem in numerum amicorum ascrlbit. comitum, 1 5, 2. turba, catervd. lutum, limum, 2, i. umeris, 7, 6. stat incerta, haeret, 14, 8. maculat, 3, 5. in numerum amicorum, cf. 15, 9. PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 20. RULE 8. — The name of a whole, of which a part is taken, is put in the genitive case. multi Romanorum, many of the Romans. Especially after neuter words. nihil argent!, no money. tantum nummorum, so much money. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following eight anecdotes require a knowledge 01- r Nouns. (a) Declension III. ^ A j. A. | Adjectives. r active of the first and second (b) Indicative \ ^ and Imperative ] ^ yerb 18. Too Clever by Half. Roscius, praeclarus iurisconsultus, publicos ludos quondam spectabat. Subito vir rusticus occurrit. " Da mihi," inquit, " responsum, 6 praeclare Rose! ; cams divitis vlcini meum agrum intravit, necavitque tres pullos. ANECDOTES. 23 Quantam tu mulctam domino canis imponis ? " " Quat- tuor asses," respondit Roscius. "Da mihi igitur asses," inquit vir, "tuus enim canis erat reus." "Res aequa est," iterum respondit Roscius, " et libenter tibi quattuor asses dabo. At tu primum numera mihi quinque asses, numquam enim Jurisconsult! sine mercede dant re- sponsa." quondam, aliquando, i, 3. divitis, from dtves ; cf. di- occurrit, cf. currit, 14, 9. vitids, 5, 6. igitur, 15, 6; 5, 7. 19. The Young Shaver. Glaucus, puer Corinthius, adultorum hominum mores semper induebat ; nam togam virilem volgo gerebat et saepe tondebat molles genas. Quondam intravit taber- nam praeclari tonsoris, et magna voce " Tonde," inquit, " meam barbam sine mora." Tonsor, vir iocosus, parat aquam ; obducit mentum iuvenis spuma alba ; cultrum acuit ; postremo vadit ad portam, habetque sermonem cum amicls. Primo Glaucus rem patienter tolerabat ; tandem non continet Iram, sed causam morae postulavit. "At," respondit tonsor, " tuam barbam exspecto." gerebat, 17, 2. postremo, demque, 12, n. molles, tenerds. tolerabat, 14, 3. quondam, 18, 2. tandem, postremo. praeclari, 18, i. continet, 3, 3. 20. Logic. Rusticus olim, nomine Gellius, vir dives sed indoctus, mittit filium ad ludum Zenonis, praeclari philosophi. Post aliquot annos filius repetit paternum tectum, et 24 ANECDOTES. parentes sua sapicntia delectat ; nam omnes ingenio et sermone superabat. Mox tamen iuvenis disputat cum patre de cultu arvorum ; tandem Iratus baculo caput et umeros senis verberat. "6 scelerate," exclamat Gellius, " num. verberas patrem ? " "Equidem," respondit iuve- nis "et recte ; nonne tu me parvum puerum verberabas ? " "At invltus verberabam te, et pro tua utilitate." "Et ego hodie verbero te pro tua utilitate, et invltus." rusticus, 1 8, 2. senis, from senex. dives, 18, 4. num, 12, 4 ; cf. nonne, 13, 2. repetit, 10, 6; cf. petit, 10, 2. verberat, 16, 10. tectum, aedes, 14, i. hodie, cf. postridie, 16, 5. 21. Wat Tyler. Ricardus, adhuc iuvenis, succedit regno Britannorum. Mox erat gravis seditio plebis. Vir rusticus, nomine Figulus, seditiosam turbam ducebat. lamque ingens caterva intraverat urbem Londinium et omnia spoliabat. Inde dum elves claudunt tabernas et fugam tentant, subito rex iuvenis cum paucis equitibus adest. Figulus autem prehendit equi regis habenas. Sine mora magister equitum stringit gladium occlditque hominem audacem. Statim omnes sumunt arma tenduntque arcus. Rex autem procedit in medium. " Comites," inquit, " hie iacet vester dux, nee umquam resurget. Deponite tela ; ego posthac ero vobis dux." adhuc, ad hoc tempus. prehendit, 12, 6. turbam, 17, 5. stringit, 15, 6. caterva, 17, 2. comites, amlci. spoliabat, 4, 3. iacet, 12, ir. claudunt, opp. patent, 6, 6. tela, n, 6. ANECDOTES. 25 22. The Miser's Shoes. Senex, nomine Abulus, dives sed avarus, antiquas sordidasque vestes gerebat. Omnes elves cognoscebant pannosos avarl calceos. Olim senex lavabat membra apud publicas thermas. Forte vir iocosus locum intrave- rat. Ubi videt vestlmenta Abull, sine mora mutat calceos senis avarl cum purpurels soleis consulis. (Nam consul ibidem forte se lavabat.) Mox Abulus ex aqua emergit. Nescius fraudis, dis agit gratias pro tanto mlraculo, et cum purpureis soleis discedit. At ubi consul sentit furtum et cognoscit calceos Abull, vix continet iram. Denique invltus foedos calceos induit. vestes, 17, i. vestimenta, cf. vestes. gerebat, 19, 2. senis, 20, 7. iocosus, 19, 5. dis ... gratias, 13, 12. ubi, 12, 3. sentit, 12, 10. 23. The Miser's Shoes — continued. Postridie lictores trahunt Abulum apud consulem, atque hominem furtl accusant. Infellx Abulus multis cum lacrimls veniam imprudentis factl orat, at frustra. Nam consul aspera voce, "Deliga," inquit, "lictor, ad palum malum furem ; verbera tergum saevis virgls." Lictores haud invltl sumunt poenam, calceosque Abulo reddunt. Abulus vix trahit miserum corpus ad flumen (magnum flumen non procul aberat). Turn exclamat, " Numquam iterum, Infellces calcei, dominum perdetis." Inde aquae calceos committit. trahunt, 12, 6. inviti, 20, 10. furti, 4, 4. sumunt, 21, 9. veniam, 1 5, 5. procul, longe. haud, non. numquam, cf. 21, n. aspera, opp. mitis. inde, turn. 26 ANECDOTES. 24. Cruel Frederick. Fredericus, puer crudelis, non amavit animalia ; saepe divellebat alas muscarum et corpora formicarum acubus transflgebat. Aliquando vexabat Traianum, suum canem, saxis et verberibus. Saepe pater Fredericum ita monuit : " Cave canem, nonne dentes habet acutos ? " At puer verba patris neglegit et manu caudam miseri canis torquet. Diu Traianus rem patienter tolerat. Tandem iratus mordet dextram puerl. Fredericus multis cum lacrimis patrem petit. " Cur tandem," inquit pater, "meum con- silium neglegebas ? " verberibus, cf. verberat, 16, 10. iratus, cf. Ira, 2, 5. tolerat, 16, n. petit, 13, 7. tandem, 20, 6. inquit, n, 7. 25. Follow the Leader. Pastor, nomine Panurgius, multas oves habebat ; at dives vicinus vigintl ex numero subducit. Pastor ad iudicem properat furemque accusat. Sed iudex, vir inhonestus, prae timore divitis viri preces pastoris spernit. Turn pastor humiliter accedit ad furem : " Retine," inquit, ''oves, da mihi tamen arietem, ducem gregis.'*' Fur incautus arietem dat. lam pastor tollit animal in umeros et discedit. At oves audiunt vocem ducis et universae notum ovile sui domini petunt. dives, opp. egenus, 5, i. tamen, 20, 5. vicinus, 8, 5. umeros, 7, 6. properat, 1 5, 4. universae, omnes. ANECDOTES. 27 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 21. Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out or distinguish some person or thing. They are either substantival — used instead of a noun — or adjectival — used with a noun. The most common are, is, hlc, ille, idem, ipse. 1 . videsne eum ? do you see him ? 2. videsne eum leonem ? do you see that lion ? 3. is leo quern vides est fulvus, the lion which you see is tawny. 4. videsne eius caudam ? do you see his tail ? 5. hoc a te peto, / ask you this favor. 6. Demosthenes, ille orator, Demosthenes, the famous orator. 7. hie erat taciturnus, ille loquax, the latter was silent, the former talkative. 8. ipse venit, he came himself. 9. eodem niodo omiiia agis, you do everything in the same way. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following ten anecdotes require a knowledge of — (a) Nouns. Declensions III, IV, V. f Demonstrative. (o) Pronouns. "\ r* ~ ••!•• I Definitive. (c) Indicative / active of the third and fourth Imperative 1 conjugations. 28 ANECDOTES. 26. The Vulture's Nest. Voltur olim finxerat nidum in alta et praerupta rupe. Hie din impune teneros pullos alebat. Saepe iuvenes descensum ad nidum tentaverant, at frustra, quia praeceps scopulus imminebat et lubrica saxa vestigia fallebant. Tandem senex iuvenes his verbis derldet ; " Cur, Ignavi, periculum timetis ? ecce ! mea parva f Ilia ad locum descendet." Iuvenes etsi rem vix credunt, tamen man- data eius peragunt. Magna quercus impendebat scopu- 16 ; huic funem aptant et omnia parant. finxerat, from Jingo. lubrica, 17, 5. hie, in hoc loco. ignavi, i, i. tentaverant, 21, 5. ecce, 12, 8. 27. The Vulture's Nest — continued. lam senex tenero corporl virginis funem caute aptat. Turn sex validl iuvenes earn ex alta rupe demittunt. Omnes tacitl eventum exspectant ; at ilia secura aerium iter pergit et magno conto defendit acutos scopulos. lam pervenit ad nidum et dextra parvum volturem tenet. Statim dat signum reditus. At pater voltur audit vocem prolis et magno clangore puellam petit. Ilia tamen, etsi saevi alitis ungues teneras manus dilacerant, cultro se defendit nee praedam demittit. lam iuvenes vident periculum puellae ingeminantque laborem. Mox laetus pater audacem flliam amplexu tenet. iam, 7,1. petit, 13, 7 pergit, 1 6, 5. etsi, 26, 7. acutos, cf. acuit, 19, 7. alitis, avis. prolis, pulldrum, 26, 2. cultrd, 19, 6. ANECDOTES. 29 28. The Standard. Ricardus, rex Britannorum, olim cum Solimano bellum gerebat. Multos equites diversarum gentium, socios adiutoresque belli, habebat. Hi fortis regis timebant virtutem sed superbiam parum amabant. Forte rex suum slgnum in alto et inslgni loco constituent. Id movebat Irani sociorum et noctu slgnum dlvellunt. Rex igitur, ubi reponit slgnum, deligit custodem loci equitem, nomine Cennetum. Nee ille tantum honorem recusat at laetus arma induit. Inde, etsi ipse haudquaquam hostem timebat, canem fidelem vigiliae comitem advocavit. gerebat, 22, -2. dlvellunt, 24, 2. superbiam, cf. superbus, 10, 3. tantum, 22, 8. parum, non multum. recusat, 13, 7. 29. The Standard — continued. Nox erat et lima sereno fulgebat caelo. Diu et vigi- lanter Cennetus locum custodiebat. At subito canis latratum edit. lam ipse audit lenem sonitum. Statim stringit gladium. At vox nota, "Depone," inquit, "te- lum ; Cloelia, tua sponsa, baud procul ab hoc loco te exspectat ; venl igitur mecum celeriter." Stultus eques fidel immemor stationem deserit ; relinquit tamen canem custodem loci. Dum abest, clangorem armorum audit, deinde gemitum. Dolore furens recurrit ad locum. Eheu ! slgnum abest et fidelis custos moribundus iacet. caelo = in caelo. n5ta, 25, 9. lenem, opp. acutum, 27, 4. moribundus, 7, 4. 30 ANECDOTES. 30. The Standard — continued. Paucos post dies Ricardus copias sociorum recensebat. Dum ipse in regio solio sedet, principes equitesque cum multis milibus militum ante oculos regis incedebant. Haud procul ab eo loco stabat Cennetus cum cane fideli (is enim vires corporis recuperaverat). lam duces singillatkn regem salutabant. Subito canis cum saevo latratu equitem auro et ostro msignem ex equo in pulve- rem deturbat. Comites cum clamore occurrunt. At rex, " Consistite," inquit, " amici ; iusta est poena, hie enim meum slgnum violavit." recensebat, lustrabat, i, 4. msignem, 28, 5. regio, 1 6, 10. deturbat, 6, 4. incedebant, trdnslbant. consistite, manete. latratu, 29, 3. iusta, aequa, 18, 7. 31. The Faithful Hound. Cambricus olim, acer venator, fidelem habebat canem, nomine Gelertum. Dum ipse in silvis abest, canem saepe relinquebat parvi fill custodem. Aliquando more suo Gelertus dominum reducem cum laeto clamore salutabat. At subito dominus pectus eius et dentes sanguine cruentos notat ; perterritus cunas parvi fill petit. Eheu ! puerum non videt sed undique cruorem, foedi certaminis indi- cium. Statim caeco furore canem, mail auctorem, iaculo transflgit. Gelertus cum gemitu exsplrat. Simul domi- nus in recessu aedium mfantem videt salvum atque incolu- mem. Sed baud procul ab eo loco iacebat ingens lupus. Fidelis enim custos vitam Infantis ita servaverat. venator, n, 4. mail = mall facti, 9, 7. clamore, Idtrtita, 29, 3. gemitu, 29, 9. furore, cf. fur ens, 29, 9. ingens, cf. mdgnus. 31 32. The Gossip. Erat Timoni uxor garrula. Haec aliquando apud feminam vlclnam cenabat. Diu Timon uxorem suam frustra exspectaverat. Tandem Iratus aedium portam obserat et petit cubile. Mox tamen uxor redux ostium vehementer pulsat. " Aperi celeriter portam," exclamat ilia, " nonne uxoris tuae vocem audls ? " " Minime," respondit ex cublli dominus ; " tu non mea uxor es nee vocem tuam cognosce ; mea enim uxor iam mecum cubat." apud, 10, 2. aperi, 14, 6. obserat, cf. daudit, 21, 5. cognosce, 22, 2. redux, 31, 4. enim, 30, 10; cf. nam, 22, 6. ostium, portam, 14, 6. cubat, cf. cubile. 33. The Gossip — continued. Diu femina preces producebat, sed frustra ; tandem dolum parabat. "Nisi tu," inquit, "portam aperies, ego in hoc flumen desiliam." Simul in aquam magnum lapidem devolvit et sese non procul abdit. Vir sonitu territus ostium aperit properatque ad ripam. Protinus irrumpit in aedes uxor obseratque portam. Frustra vir infelix ostium pulsat ; " Discede," inquit uxor, "tu enim, ut ipse dixisti, non es meus coniunx." desiliam, 13, 9, vir, coniunx. simul, eddem tempore, 31, 9. prStinus, statim, 2, 6, abdit, celat, 12, 10. obserat, 32, 4. 34. The Siege of Calais. Edvardus olim, rex Britannorum, urbem Gallicam oppugnabat, Diu incolae copiarum regis impetum magna 32 COMPARISON. cum virtute sustinuerant. Tandem, ubi nihil cibi supere- rat, miserique elves mures et pelles edebant, cum rege de deditione agebant. At rex, propter tantam hostium perti- naciam iratus, saevas condiciones pacis imponit mortem- que duodecim prmcipum postulat. Sine mora duodecim viri se pro patria devovent. Inde comites maestl funibus colla amicorum vinciunt eosque ad regem ducunt. incolae, 6, 2. postulat, 15, 5. ubi, 22, 5. funibus, 27, i. agebant, 13, 12. vinciunt, 15, 7. 35. The Siege of Calais — continued. Rex inter nobiles in praetorio sedebat. lamque maesta turba civium captives ad locum ducit omnesque multis cum precibus ad pedes victoris cadunt. At rex durus preces eorum spernit avertitque voltum. Forte reglna rem cognoscit ; statim ad praetorium properat suasque lacrimas cum precibus civium iungit. " Da mihi, rex magne," inquit, " vitas horum fortium virorum ; nonne hi recte suam patriam defenderunt ? " Rex primo preces non audit, tandem lacrimae uxoris iram vincunt poenam- que captivis remittit. maesta, opp. laeta, 27, 10. defenderunt, 27, 4. precibus, 33, i. poenam, 9, 7. COMPARISON. 22. (i) When two things are compared they are put into the same case and coupled by quam. amo te magis quam eum, / love you more than him. TIME. 33 (2) If the first is either in the nominative or accusative, the second may be put into the ablative, leaving out the quam. lulia sorore pulchrior est, Julia is more beautiful than her sister. The comparative can often be translated by too, rather, comparatively, etc. tardius ambulavit, he walked rather slowly. longius e navi erravit, he wandered too far from the ship. TIME. 23. (i) The time during which an action lasts is put into the accusative, sometimes with the preposi- tion per. totam hiemem in urbe manibat, he remained in the city during the whole of the winter. If the sentence is negative, the ablative is used. tota hieme lupum non vidi, I have not seen a wolf all the winter. (2) The time when, or within which, an action is done is put into the ablative without a preposition. media hieme ab urbe discessit, he went away from the city in the middle of winter. Observe the phrases — multis post annis, many years afterwards. aliquot post menses, several months afterwards. baud ita multo post, not long after. ante annum, a year before, 34 ANECDOTES. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following ten anecdotes require a knowledge of- (a) Comparison of regular adjectives. (b) Numeral and pronominal adjectives. (c) Indicative ) active of verbs in -to, third conjuga- Imperative ) tion. 36. The Babes in the Wood. Duo olim erant fratres, Verres et Timon. Horum alterum gravis corripuerat morbus. Hie iam moribundus fratrem ad lectum vocavit eique curam parvorum liberorum mandavit. Ille multis cum lacrimls mandatum accipit fidemque unum annum integram servat. Secundo tamen anno, quod liberl erant agris nummlsque dlvitissimi, patruus auri avidus msidias nepotibus struebat. Itaque duos latrones ad sese appellat. " Interficite," inquit, "clam hos infantes; vobis magnum pondus argentl, pretium caedis, dabo." moribundus, 29, 10. nummis, pecuni d. mandatum, 26, 7. interficite, occidite, 21, 8. 37. The Babes in the Wood — continued. Postridie Timon mala fraude nepotes ad se advocat, " Hodie," inquit, uvlcinae urbis incolae ferias agunt; hi igitur ex meis servis fidelissimi, deliciarum causa et voluptatis, vos ad locum ducent." Simul manu duo latrones ostendit. Liberi magno cum gaudio discedunt et iam animo mille laetitias praecipiunt, Mox autem ANECDOTES. 35 viatores ad densam silvam, locum ad caedem aptissimum, veniunt. Forte unus ex latronibus altero erat mollior. Huius pectus grata vox liberorum lemverat Hie igitur, ubi ad locum veniunt, non modo factum abnuit sed etiam sua manu comitem crudeliorem interfecit. incolae, 34, 2. lenlverat, cf. lenem, 29, 3. agunt, celebrant, 8, 5. factum = malum factum. laetitias, voluptdtes. abnuit, recusat, 13, 7. caedem, 36, 10. interfecit, 36, 8. 38. The Babes in the Wood — continued. Liberi gladiis et cruore perterriti lacrimas effundunt. Victor tamen timorem mulcet eosque in densiorem silvam ducit. "Hie," inquit, "manete, dum ipse absum ; mox vobis placentas lactisque copiam reportabo." Simul a loco discedit. Unam horam liberl sine timore flores silvestres undique carpebant. Mox quod fames corpora premebat reditum latronis misere cupiebant. Frustra tamen hue illuc currunt et omne nemus maesto clamore implent, nemo enim questiis eorum audit. Tandem fessi cursu et fame languid! sese sub arbore deiciunt. Mors benigna celeriter finit labores nee deerat honor sepulcri, parvae enim aves corpora frondibus teneris texerunt. cruore, 31, 7. hue illuc, 14, 10. mulcet, 5, 4. questus, querelds, 4, 6. placentas, llba, 16, 8. deerat, from desum. reditum, 27, 6. texerunt, from tego. 39. The Rats in the Barn. Erat olim in Germania mala fames, messis enim eo anno fuerat nulla. Magna igitur turba civium cottidie a 36 ANECDOTES. principe panem vehementer petebat. Tandem precibus eorum fessus princeps crudelis omnes in horreum ingens vana spe cibi induxit. Mox, ubi horreum plenum fuit, flammas tecto admovit et omnes ad unum delevit. Inde dum clamoribus miserrimis et caelum et terra resonant, " Audite," inquit, " murium stridorem." Vix ea dixerat, cum vocem magnam comites audiunt. " At miser, paucis post diebus ildem mures tuum corpus devorabunt." •> fames, 38, 6. tecto, cf. texerunt, 38, 12. ingens, 31, u. miser, wretch. 40. The Rats in the Barn — continued. In medio Rheno forte eo tempore stabat turris altis- sima ; hue princeps dira voce perterritus f ugit ; nihil enim aqua tutius habet. Hie unum diem manebat tutus et alterum ; tertia tamen nocte custodes mille pedum crepi- tum audiunt. Mox ubi sol noctis umbras fugavit, immane portentum vident. Utramque enim ripam fluminis innu- merabilis murium multitude complet. lam mures in aquam desiliunt turrimque petunt. Frustra princeps portas fenestrasque obserat ; hi enim scandunt muros, illl acutis dentibus llgneas portas rodunt. Passim in aedes irrumpunt et universi in principem impetum faciunt. Fnistra is deos invocat Iratos, sescentl enim hostes ex osslbus cutem divellunt et crudelis fact! terribilem poenam sumunt. dira, 15, 4- obserat, 32, 4. tutus, salvus, 31, 10. passim, kite illilc, 14, 10. immane, ingens, 39, 4. sescentl, mtlia. desiliunt, 33, 3. divellunt, 24, 2. ANECDOTES. 37 41. The Pied Piper. Hamelmam, urbem pulcherrimam, vexabat olim dira pestis ; murium enim innumerabilis multitude non modo omnia devorabat, sed etiam Infantes, dum iacent in cunis, oppugnabat. Incolae omnia consilia frustra tentaverant ; denique magnum pondus argent! proponunt, totius generis exit! pretium. Hoc ipso tempore vir picta veste Insignis intravit urbem laboremque suscipit. Statim magna caterva eum ad forum deducit. Hue ubi pervenit advena, ex sinu tibiam parvam detrahit paucosque modos fingit. Vix id carmen cessaverat, ubi mirum prodigium evenit, undique enim ad sonum ingenti tumultu mures concurrunt. Primo consistunt, deinde omnes, albi, nigri, senes, iuvenes ad modos tibiae saltant. Postremo uno impetu in flumen e conspectu desiliunt. cunis, 31, 6. fingit, 26, i. pondus, 36, 9. prSdigium, portentum, 40, 6. pretium, 36, 10. consistunt, 30, 9. insignis, 28, 5. impetu, 34, 2. 42. The Pied Piper. — continued. Primo elves rem vix credunt ; deinde laetitiae ingenti se dedunt. lamque tibicen sui laboris praemium postulat. At elves iam pericull expertes fidem ingrati violant et magnam partem argent! retinent. Itaque iratus iterum tibiam corripit alterumque carmen priore pulchrius fundit. Protinus ex omnibus domibus magna puerorum virginum- que caterva virum cingit. Inde tibicen, dum ill! chores laetissimos agunt, omnes ad proplnquum montem deducit. 38 ANECDOTES. Turn miser! parentes rem terribilem vident ; nam ipse dehiscit mons et immense hiatu totam manum accipit. laetitiae, 37, 6. fidem, 36, 5. tibicen, cf. tlbiam, 41, 9. corripit, 36, 2. expertes, liberdti. agunt, 37, 2. 43. Caught by the Tide. Canutius, Icenorum rex, longe sapientior erat aliis regibus. Huius olim opes et auctoritatem Onus ex adsentatoribus hoc modo laudabat. " Nonne," inquit, " rex magne, et mare vastum et celeres venti tua mandata peragunt?" Rex nihil respondit sed postero die iussu eius servl ad litus maritimum solium deducunt. In hoc adsentatorem locat et ipse in rupe stat propinqua. Forte aestus ex alto se incitabat. Turn rex, " Recurre," inquit, " mare superbum ; nonne tu meus servus es ? Cur igitur tui fluctus audaces meum solium ita violant ? " Fluctus tamen surdi mandata regia non audiebant sed se in ipsum solium inlidunt. Turn rex, " Nemo nisi Deus imperium maris tenet." et . . . et, 39, 7; 8, 5. posterd die, postrtdie, 37, i. mandata, cf. manddvit, 36, 4. solium, 30, 2. peragunt, 26, 8. propinqua, viand, 37, 2. 44. Rollo and the Two Sticks. Apud Graecos scriptores hoc invenimus de Rollone, cane callidissimo. Magister, dum ipse ambulat, semper can! comitl scipionem suum auratum committebat. Hunc Rollo superbo ore per vicos gerebat. Forte tamen magister pro sclpione aurato baculum sumit ligneum altero turpius. Hoc more suo canl committit. At Rollo UNIVERSITY THE RELATIVE. 39 propter tantum dedecus Iratus diii laborem recusat. Tandem ubi magister baculum inter dentes mseruit, canis e conspectu subito fugit ; brevi tamen ad magistrum sine baculo recurrit. Tres inde menses magister frustra baculum quaerebat; quarto tamen mense dum servl fimum ex stabulls in agros transportant, baculum sub ingenti fiml acervo inveniunt. scipi5nem, baculum. more suo, 31, 3. vicos, 17, 3. recusat, abnuit, 37, 10. gerebat, ferebat. e conspectu, 41, 14. ligneum, 40, 10. brevi = brevi tempore. 45. Buried Alive. De eodem Rollone aliud et mirabilius invenimus. Magnus anatum grex in lacu finitimo natabat. Harum unam canis mir5 amore fovebat. Saepe iussu magistrl hanc suo ore etiam ab ulteriore margine lacus ad pedes eius reportabat. Ea quidem res erat gratior can! et domino quam anati ; haec igitur pennls pedibusque canis impetum semper fugiebat. Tandem Rollo tall pervicacia defessus solum in horto effodit anatemque vivam sepelivit, slve ludibrio, seu (ut magister credidit) quod eum locum magis idoneum putavit. mirabilius, cf. mirum, 41, 10. iussu, 43, 5. fmitimo, vicino. ludibrio, cf. lud-os, 18, i. THE RELATIVE. 24. (a) The Relative is used to avoid repeating a word (called its antecedent) already used once. video munim, quern Balbus aedificavit, / see the wall, which Balbus built. 40 THE RELATIVE. If there were no relative, we should have to say, video murum et Balbus eum murum aedificavit, / see the wall and Balbus built that wall. Thus it has also the force of a conjunction and serves to connect sentences. • RULE 9. — The Relative agrees with its antecedent in gender, number, and person. 1. nos, qui fortes sumus, pugnabimus, we, who are brave, will fight. 2. tu, quae parva es puella, nutricem amis, you, who are a little girl, love the nurse. RULE io. — The Relative is not necessarily in the same case as its antecedent, but in the case which its antecedent would be in if repeated. 1. babes asiiium qui (asinus) est laboris patiens, you have an ass which is patient of labor. 2. equus quern (equum) habemus est celer, the horse which we have is fast. 3. virum cuius (viri) filius es amamus, we love the man whose son you are. 4. hie est puer cui (puero) poma dedimus, this is the boy to whom we gave the apples. 5. hasta qua (hasta) hostem occldisti erat acris, the spear with which you killed the enemy was sharp. (V) A sentence containing a relative word is often called an adjectival clause, because it qualifies a substantive like an adjective. est mihi mensa quae est iiigra, / have a black table. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 41 A relative clause may be omitted without altering the construction of any other word in the sentence. (c) A relative word is often omitted in English but never in Latin. ubi est ea mensa quam heri vidi ? where is the table I saw yesterday ? (d) The relative always comes first in its own clause (except after prepositions), and generally next to the word it qualifies. Relative words are — qui, quails, quantus, quo, qua, unde, ubi. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 25. The Verb has two voices — (1) Active, when you do something; (2) Passive, when something is done to you. In turning a sentence from an active into a passive form accusative becomes nominative, nominative becomes ablative. All other cases remain unchanged. {anseres Manlium e somno excitaverunt, geese woke Manlius from sleep. Manlius e somno anseribus excitatus est, Manlius was wakened from sleep by geese. 42 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. ( puer necabit lupum, the boy will kill a wolf. \ lupus necabitur a puero, a wolf will be killed by a boy. reives militibus cibum dabunt, citizens will give soldiers food. I cibus militibus a civibus dabitur, food will be given to L ' soldiers by citizens. ( Caesar civitati ducentos imperat obsides, Ccesar makes a demand upon the state for two hundred j hostages. ducenti obsides civitati imperantur a Caesare, two hundred hostages are demanded of the state by Ccesar. (1) If the doer of the act is & per son, the preposition a or ab is used with the ablative. It is then called the Ablative of the Agent. (2) Transitive verbs become intransitive in the passive. 1 . centaurus sagitta ab Hercule volneratus est, the Centaur was wounded with an arrow by Hercules. 2. Hercules sagittas veneno tinxit, Hercules stained arrows with poison. 3. via montibus altissimis contirebatur, the road was hemmed in by very high mountains. 4. praemium victori debetur, a reward is due to the victor. 5. numquam mihi hoc persuadebitur, never shall I be per- suaded of this. ANECDOTES. 43 ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following nine anecdotes require a knowledge of- (a) Relative Pronouns. (£) Passive of conjugations I. and II. 46. A Ride on a Centaur's Back. Centauri, qui in montibus Thessaliae habitabant, caput manusque humanas equinum tamen corpus habebant. Hercules olim per has regiones cum uxore Deianira, quam nuper duxerat, iter faciebat. Mox ad ripas altl rapidlque fluminis viatores perveniunt frustraque vadum petunt. Subito occurrit centaurus quidam, nomine Nessus. "Multae," inquit, " antea trans hoc flumen a me transportatae sunt. Te quoque, 6 pulcherrima Deianira, si cupis, lato meo tergo libenter transportabo ; " simul feminam haud invitam suscipit ; deinde perfidus magna celeritate in montes fugit nuper, opp. olim. quoque, cf. etiam, 45, 4. viatores, 37, 7. haud invitam, volentem. 47. A Ride on a Centaur's Back — continued. Hercules autem, quern fraus centaur! non fallebat, arcum rapuit et una ex iis sagittls quas ipse sanguine Hydrae tinxerat fugitivum volneravit. At moribundus feminae consilium hoc iniquissimum dat Nessus : "Accipe," inquit, "hanc tunicam, quam meus sanguis tinxit; haec tibi aliquando amorem coniugis restituet." His verbis centaurus occidit. 44 ANECDOTES. Paucos post annos Hercules, Oechaliae victor, lolen captivam Deianira pulchriorem adamavit. Haec igitur verborum centaurl hand immemor, tunicam fatalem ad coniugem misit. Hanc Hercules incautus induit et ipse necatur dira vl illlus venenl quo olim suas sagittas tinxerat. fallebat, 26, 4. tinxerat, from tingo. rapuit, cf. corripit, 42, 5. iniquissimum, cf. aequa, 18, 7. sanguine, crtiore, 38, i. induit, 19, 2. 48. A Wonderful Dream. Tres olim viatores a Gallia ad Italiam iter faciebant. Via erat et longa et difficillima, quod undique montibus altissimis continebatur. Saepe magnam cibi inopiam viatores tolerabant ; tandem nihil illis supererat nisi unus panis, baud ita grandis, quem omnes diligentissime servabant. Hunc sibi quisque vindicat. Denique fessi somno se dant panemque proponunt somrn insignissimi praemium. Mane suum quisque comitibus somnium narrat. Primus ex viatoribus sic incipit : " Mihi in somnio apparebat rapum ingentissimum ; vix id trecenti viri ex agro trahebant. Num. vos aliquid hoc mirabilius videbatis ? Mihi certe praemium debetur." tolerabant, 14, 3. trahebant, cf. abstrahit, 14, n. supererat, 10, 6. num, 12, 4. proponunt, 41, 5. mirabilius, 45, i. 49. A Wonderful Dream — continued. Turn secundus, " Somnium quidem mirum narravisti ; mihi tamen aliquid mirabilius visum est. Nam vidi in somnio vas ingentissimum, quod vix qumgentl homines ANECDOTES. 45 totius anni spatio paraverant. Facillime eo vase istud rapum continebatur. Nonne hoc somnium mirabilius illo iudicatis ? " At tertius, qul haec tacite audlverat, "Certe," inquit, " uterque vestrum rem mirabilem narravit panem- que bene meruit. Mihi tamen aliquid mirum visum est. Nam in somno (ut videbatur) esuriebam ; panem igitur devoravl." visum est, f r. videor. eo vase = in eo vase. spatio, tempore. esuriebam, famem habebam. 50. The Lighthouse. In ea parte Britanniae quae ad septentriones spectat litus undique rupibus asperrimis continetur. Incolae igitur, quod ibi multae naves naufragium fecerunt, turrim altissimam, quae pharus appellatur, quadam in rupe aedificaverunt. Hanc turrim habitabant senex et filia eius parva, qul noctu semper incendebant lucernam, cuius lumen saepe nautas de periculo praemonebat. At non- numquam vis tempestatis labores nautarum exsuperat, et navis Infelix aut sub undis se mergit, aut scopulis crudelibus adflictatur. turris, 40, i. exsuperat, cf. superabunt, 6, 6. incendebant, 16, 6. mergit, 22, 7. praemonebat, cf. monuit, 24, 4. scopulis, 26, 4. 51. The Lighthouse — continued. Fuerunt olim multos dies continuae tempestates ; tandem dies tranquillus succedit. lamque procul e turri custodes magnam aspiciunt navem, quae in scopulis haeret ; mox etiam paucos vident nautas, qui manibus signa dant auxiliumque petunt. Turn virgo animosa cum 46 ANECDOTES. patre parvam scapham deducit et remis vellsque navem ambo petunt. Undique ingentes fluctus surgebant, vix enim cessaverat procella ; nullo tamen periculo ill! terren- tur sed e morte nautas eripiunt omnesque tutos ad turrim reportant. haeret, 2, 5. cessaverat, 41, 10. animosa, fortis. procella, tempestds. 52. The Snowstorm. Pastor! culdam duo erant filii, Brutus et Nero. Hie, puer acutus, a parentibus praecipue amabatur ; ilium tamen annis seniorem omnes stultum exlstimabant. Hi olim cum cane suo aliquas petebant oves, quae per montes devios erraverant. Forte dum procul a casa paterna absunt, eos opprimit nox ; simul nix crebra omnia operiebat et spem reditus eripuit. Tandem fessi labore sub saxo ingenti sese proiciunt mortemque exspectant. Turn Brutus e collo fratris taeniam, donum matris, detrahit eaque cervicem canis circumdat ; "Age," inquit, "patrem pete." culdam, 46, 7. seniorem, from senex. acutus, 24, 5. operiebat, obduc'ebat, 19, 6. praecipue, 8, 8. proiciunt, cf. deiciunt, 38, 10. 53. The Snowstorm — continued. Interea, quod pueri nondum revenerant, ingens sollici- tudo pastoris animum agitabat. Subito latratum audit canis ; portam aperit ; videt canem, qui taeniam sul fill gerebat. Hanc ubi vir agnoscit sine mora facem accendit et cum cane fideli, duce viae, tandem ad ipsum pervenit ANECDOTES. 47 scopulum, sub quo pueri iacebant. Hie vero triste spectaculum visum est ; Nero enim, quern frater suo pallio texerat, placide dormiebat, at Brutus, qui suum corpus hoc modo nudaverat, saevo gelu rigebat ; nam puer fortis, quern propter segnitiam omnes deridebant, vitam suam fratri condonaverat. sollicitudo, cura, 10, 2. pallio, 17, 6. aperit, 32, 5. rigebat, 7, 2. agnoscit, cf. cogndscit, 22, 10. segnitiam, stultitiam. accendit, cf. incendebant, 50. deridebant, 26, 5. 54. A Noble Action. Philippus, eques Britannicus, alios equites fortitudine animl corporisque viribus aequabat ; omnes tamen comi- tate et mansuetudine superabat. Forte Britanni cum Hispanis bellum gerebant atque equites utriusque exercitus fere cottidianis pugnls vires exercebant. Ali- quando dum urbem quandam Britanni oppugnant, Philip- pus cum paucis comitibus magna manu hostium circum- datus est. Diu et acriter nostri Hispanorum impetum sustinebant. Tandem Philippus iaculo graviter volneratus est. Post pugnam dum comites maestl Philippum mori- bundum ad castra reportant, aliquis el galeam aquae plenam dedit. Ille autem, etsi sitis fauces urebat, militi, qui non procul iacebat avidisque oculis aquam lustrabat, poculum dedit ; " Nonne huius volnera," inquit, "graviora sunt meis ? " aequabat, cf. aequa, 18, 7. graviter, ci.gravis, 36, 2. utriusque, 49, 7. maestl, trist'es, 53, 6. cottidianis, cf. cottidi'e, 39, 2. urebat, cf. adurunt, 16, 8. 48 PLACE. 26. A dative is naturally used to complete the sense after such adjectives as — amicus, utilis, similis, propinquus, finitimus, par. "GUI" VERBS. 27. A few verbs, which we should expect to govern an accusative, for some reason or other prefer the dative. The most common are — parco, pareo, placeo, faveo, noceo, servio, invideo, nubo, ignosco, maledico, indulgeo. magister, cui paremus, benignus est, the master 'whom ive obey is kind. parcit mihi, he spares me. These verbs are called "cui" verbs from the dative of the relative pronoun, with which they are sometimes used. RULE II. — Many verbs compounded with ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, and super, take the dative. PLACE. 28. (i) Place where is expressed by the ablative with the preposition in. Exception. Names of towns use an old case called the Locative. PLACE. 49 The locative in the singular of declensions I. and II. is the same form as the genitive, elsewhere commonly the ablative. These locatives are also found, domi, at home, ruri, in the country, humi, on the ground. (2) Place whither is expressed by the accusative with ad or in. Exception. Names of towns (also domus and rus) omit the preposition. " To," when it means towards, is never the sign of the dative, but always of the accusative. (3) Place whence is expressed by the ablative with ab or ex. Exception. Names of towns (also domus and rus} omit the preposition. The name of a small island is treated as if it were a town. 1. naves Tarenti aedificatae sunt, ships were built at Tarentum. 2. Pericles Athenis habitabat, Pericles lived at Athens. 3. exercitus in Hispaiiiam missus est, an army was sent to Spain. 4. postero die Corinthum pervenit, on the next day he came to Corinth. 5. ex Hispania statim discessit, he departed at once from Spain. 50 ANECDOTES. 6. Galli Roma baud procul aberant, the Gauls were not distant from Rome. 7. domum ex urbe revenit, he returned home from the city. 8. Cypri multi erant servi, there were many slaves at Cyprus. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following nine anecdotes require a knowledge of- (a) Comparison of Adjectives (Irregular). (b) Indicative \ Passive of the Third and Fourth Imperative > Conjugations. 55. The Ugly Duckling. IngentI aliquando gaudio complebantur incolae cuius- dam fundi, gallma enim ex ovis pullos nuper excluserat. Unum tamen ex ovis, quod grandius erat ceteris, adhuc integrum manebat. Turn pavo, qui maximus natu erat omnium, his verbis gallinam admonet : " lam satis laboravisti ; tandem inutile istud ovum desere." At galllna pertinax consilium pavonis non audit multosque inde dies in loco manet. Denique post tantum laborem parit pullum, qui ceteros magnitudine quidem corporis superabat, sed specie et forma longe Inferior videbatur ; nam erant ei turpes pedes, deforme corpus, collum procerum. gaudio, 37, 5. integrum, 36, 5. cuiusdam, 52, i. inde, 44, 10. pullos, 26, 2. quidem, to be sure. excluserat, from excludo. turpes, opp. pulchru grandius, 48, 5. prScerum, longum* ANECDOTES. 51 56. The Ugly Duckling — continued. Diu in hoc fun do anaticula turpis vltam infelicem agebat; nemo enim el favebat. Gallinae quidem cum pavonibus miseram volucrem spernebant, quod aquam ita amavit. Anates autem et anseres duris rostrls advenam sua aqua depellebant. Tandem maesta et infelix a fundo in locum desertum effugit, qua sola totam hiemem habita- bat. At vere novo ad lacum advenit, in quo multi cygni natabant. His duo puerl frusta panis iactabant. Turn ilia, quod iam mortem optabat, ad cygnos ipsa natavit, flexitque caput ad ictum rostrorum. At attonita suam imaginem, quam aqua reddebat, vidit audlvitque vocem puerorum, qui cygnum ceteris pulchriorem laetl accipie- bant. Anaticula enim turpis gracilis cygnus evaserat. fundo, 55, 2. qua. = 2uom loco. anaticula =parva anas. his = his cygnis. turpis, de for mis, 55, n. flexit, from facto. depellebant, deturbabant, 2, 7. evaserat, from evado. 57. The Touch of Gold. Midas, rex Phrygiae, quod olim Baccho placuerat, egregio munere a deo donatus est. "Delige, rex magne," inquit deus, "id quod maxime cupis ; hoc tibi libenter dabo." Turn vir avarus mirum donum impetravit, omnia enim quae suo corpore tangebat in aurum mutata sunt. Pr5tinus rex laetus regiam domum percurrebat manuque vasa, mensas, lectos, omnia tangebat. Inde ubi nihil ligni aut argent! in aedibus manebat, gratias pro tanto benencio Baccho persolvit Tandem labore fessus cenam 52 ANECDOTES. poscit avidisque oculis dapes splendidas lustrat Mox tamen ubi piscem ad 6s admovet, cibus in aurum statim mutatus est ; rex igitur, cuius in faucibus rigida haerebat massa, vlnum poscit ; idem evenit. Tandem rex esu- riens, quod nihil nee edebat nee bibebat compluribus diebus, maximis precibus Bacchum orat. Inde cum risu deus fatale donum amovet. egregio, mlro. dapes, epulas, 9, i. munere, dond. faucibus, 54, 12. protinus, 33, 5. haerebat, 2, 5. ligni, cf. Itgneas, 40, 10. esuriens, 49, 9. gratias . . . persolvit, cf. 13, 12. edebat, 34, 4. 58. The Gossiping Trees. Apollo olim, curvae lyrae inventor, cum Satyro quodam de arte sua decertabat. Tandem tanti certaminis arbi- trium ambo ad Midam regem (de quo supra demonstra- vimus) commlserunt. Rex autem, qui numeros omnino Ignorabat, postquam carmina utriusque audiverat, Satyro palmam dedit. Deus igitur, tall stultitia iratus, capiti regis asini aures adfixit. Turn rex callidum consilium concepit ; regium enim tonsorem ascivit, cuius opera suum dedecus ab oculis omnium abditum est. At tonsor, vir loquax, qui, dum manet in urbe, rem vix celabat, rus discessit, regisque fortunam arboribus narravit. Hae autem comarum susurro, quod vento rami agitati sunt, his verbis rem volgabant, " Sunt Midae aures asini." commlserunt, from committo. callidum, 44, 2. numeros, modds, 41, 9. tonsorem, 19, 4. utriusque, 54, 4. ascivit, advocdvit. palmam, praemium, 48, 8. CQia&r\mL,folidrum. ANECDOTES. 53 59. A Scape-Goat. Volpes sitiens, quae desiluerat in puteum baud ita altum sed lateribus praeruptis postquam omnem rationem fugae frustra tentaverat, ab omni spe reditus interclusa est. Mox tamen caper, qul aquam petebat, quod fervid! solis radii agros urebant, ad eundem puteum advenit. " Salve," inquit, " dulcissima, nonne aqua ista frigida est et iucunda ? " " At numquam iucundiorem bibi," respon- dit volpes, " desili igitur quam celerrime, ego enim iam diu parco aquae, quod te exspecto." Hoc ubi audivit stultum animal, in puteum desiluit. At volpes callida in cornua amici prosiluit, quorum opera sese ad terram sublevavit. Inde miser! amici immemor domum discessit. sitiens, cf. sitis, 54, 12. reditus, 52, 7. desiluerat, 13, 9. urebant, 54, 12. praeruptis, 26, i. callida, 58, 7. 60. Ingratitude. Apud antiques scriptores multa legimus de quodam equite, qui Philippum (de quo supra demonstravimus) mansuetudine exsuperabat. Huic ehim, dum saucius humi iacet, aquam multo labore apportaverat amicus. Is autem insigni abstinentia aquam uni ex hostibus, qui iuxta iacebat, integram praebuit. At perfidus hostis, dum donum accipit, cultro manum quae poculum porrigebat volneravit. Turn eques ingrato viri animo iratus, post- quam eum modice culpaverat, partem aquae ipse bibit, partem tamen hosti iterum dedit. mansuetudine, 54, 3. integram, totam. saucius, volneratus. cultro, 27, 8. insigni, mirdbili. bibit, 58, 7. 54 ANECDOTES. 61. The Wolves. Omnium animalium, quae Scythiam incolunt, taeterrimi sunt lupl ; hi enim saepe ab omni parte conveniunt per- que silvas magno agmine praedam exquirunt. Femina quaedam cum tribus liberis per has silvas in curru vehe- batur. Subito luporum ululatum audiunt et mox dlrum agmen apparet. Frustra ilia habenas dat equo, equos enim facile cursu adsiduo exsuperant lupi. Vix breve spatium interponitur miseraque femina linguas san- guineas, fauces nigras, dentes crudeles aspicit. lam fervidum spiritum saevorum animalium fere sentit. Turn metu vesano mater ex curru minimum natu liberorum deicit et dono horribili impetum luporum parumper cohibet. taeterrimi, horribiles. sanguineas, cf. sanguis, 47, 5. agmine, grege, 25, 6. fervidus, 59, 4. exquirunt, petunt. vesano, insdno. habenas, 21, 7. parumper, opp. diu, 2, 5. 62. The Wolves — continued. Prlmo atrox consilium successit, lupl enim, dum saevo clamore praedam rapiunt, agmen sistunt ; mox tamen ubi carnem ex ossibus miserl infantis dilaniaverant (nee longus ille fuit labor) iterum fugientibus mstabant. Ite- rum femina mfellx idem facit alterumque Infantem lupls concedit. lamque per arbores, spectaculum gratissimum, visa sunt tecta aedium in quibus amici habitabant fessus- que equus ingeminat cursum. Nee tamen domum advenit, ANECDOTES. 55 antequam mater tertium Infantem eodem modo morti obiecit. Inde ubi convocaverat propmquos fatum liberorum suamque fugam narravit. Turn maximus natu, dum ceteri horrore obstupefacti sunt ; " Tu tuis infantibus," voce inquit terribili, "non parcebas ; nee ego tibi nunc parcam." Haec ubi dixerat, securi, quam manu tenebat, caput impiae matris percussit. atrox, crudele, 24, i. ingeminat, 27, 10. dilaniaverant, cf . divellebat, 24, 2. parcebas, 59, 9. mstabant, i, 5. percussit, from percutio. 63. A Cat's Paw. Apicio mercatori, qui Capuae vlvebat, ex Aegypto felem, slmiam ex Libya suae naves transportaverant. Hae qui- dem bestiae sub tect5 mercatoris concordissime vivebant, longe tamen aliud fuit utrlusque ingenium. Ilia natura tardier magnam diel partem dormiebat ; haec alacrior comitem stolidam saepe per ioca vexabat. Forte Apicius castaneas aliquando Igne torrebat Has ubi videt simia, ad ignem accedit avidisque oculls nuces observat. Diu haeret incerta ; dulces quamquam fruges animum adliciunt, fervidus ignis a furto deterret. Subito manu felem, quae ante ignem more suo dormiebat, rapit et pede eius casta- neas singillatim ex igne detrahit. Deinde dum ilia magno gemitu casum deplorat, ipsa nuces secura devorat. aliud, dissimile. accedit, appropmquat. tardior, stolidior. casum, dolor em. torrebat, 16, 6. secura, 27, 3. 56 INFINITIVE. VERB. 29. Every Verb has two parts — (1) Finite, limited by person. amo, / love. amas, you love. amat, he loves. (2) Non-finite, not limited by person. amare, to love. The FzWte part of the verb contains the indica- tive, subjunctive, and imperative moods. The Non-finite part of the verb contains infinitives, gerunds, supines, and participles. These are partly verb, partly substantive or adjec- tive. As Verb (i) they govern cases. (2) they have tenses. As Noun r (i) they follow the ordinary rules of num- or ^ ber, gender, and case. Adjective [ (2) they cannot form complete sentences. INFINITIVE. 30. The Infinitive is used — (i) Like the nominative of an ordinary noun, as sub- ject to a verb; e.g.— C hoc pomum est iucundum, this apple is pleasant. \ edere est iucundum, to eat is pleasant. SPACE. 57 C fames nocet pueris, hunger is hurtful to boys. 2. \ m'minm edere nocet pueris, to eat too much is hurtful I to boys. 3. videre est credere, to see is to believe. 4. dare quam accipere melius est, to give is better than to receive. 5. Cato dlcitur discessisse ex urbe, Cato is said to have gone from the city. (2) As accusative to such verbs as possum, void, audeo, soled, conor, incipio, statud, etc., which are not often found with the accusative of ordinary nouns. 1 . ex equis pugnare solent, they are accustomed to fight on horseback. 2. potesne huic persuadere ? are you able to persuade him ? SPACE. 31. In measuring distance, height, breadth, etc., the accusative is used. 1. Britannia a Gallia multa milia passuum abest, Britain is many miles distant from Gaul. 2. haec arbor est viginti duos pedes alta, this tree is twenty- two feet high. But when two things are compared, the difference between them is put into the ablative. 1. multo plures quam hostes sumus, we are much more numerous than the enemy. 2. altus erat sex pedes, pede altior quam soror, he was six feet high, a foot taller than his sister. 58 ANECDOTES. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following anecdotes require a knowledge of — (a) Indicative "1 passive of verbs in -id, third con- Imperative J jugation. (b} Infinitive active of the four conjugations. (c) Ahoflossum, void, nolo, maid. 64. A Breach of Discipline. Fredericus, Germanorum rex, quod ab hostibus pre- mebatur, saevissima discipline, mllites cohibebat. Rex saepe noctu solus per castra ambulabat et ipse custodes in stationibus disponebat. Aliquando dum more suo castra perlustrat, videt lucernam quae in tabernaculo finitimo ardebat. Rex igitur, qul maxima Ira movebatur, quod ignem mllitibus interdlxerat, silenter tabernaculum intravit. Hie miles epistulam scrlbebat ad uxorem. Dum multis verbis dura perlcula belli, suam salutem, amorem- que constantem narrat, subito regem Iratum aspicit. Turn rex, " Iterum epistulam repete, haec tamen adde ; vale, 6 carissima, eras enim ego, quia imperatorl male parui, capitis damnabor." premebatur, 38, 7. more su5, 31, 3. cohibebat, 6 1, ad fin. lucernam, 50, 6. stationibus, 29, 7. ardebat, 14, 9. 65. A Bull's-eye. Loxias, quod vitam in silvls semper degebat, omnes alios sagittarios superabat. Saepe lupos aquilasque volu- cribus sagittls transflgebat, nee umquam frustra ab eo telum mlssum est. Forte inc'olae urbis proplnquae ludos sollemnes celebrabant. Prlmo quadrlgas agitabant iuvenes, deinde pugnls certabant, postremo certamen sagittariorum ANECDOTES. 59 Institutum est. Diu Loxias, qui cum ceteris decertare noluit, se a certamine abstinuit, nee arcum ab umerls amovit. Denique quidam ex regiis sagittariis, cul nomen erat Hubertus, sive casu, seu quod ventus ei favebat, mediam metam sagitta transfixit. Turn demum Loxias arcum tendit et suo telo sagittam HubertI in duas partes findit. Ingens ad caelum tollitur clamor omnesque Loxian victorem salutant. degebat, agebat, 56, i, 2. pugnis, from piignus. sagittarios, cf. sagitta. certabant, decertdbant, 58, 2. 45, 2. arcum, 47, 2. 66. The Weather-wise Donkey. Ludovicus, rex Gallorum, fidem maximam habebat el generi hominum, qui astrologi vocantur, quod motu stella- rum imbres ventosque praedlcere solent. Rex, qui multum in venationibus erat, aliquando dum magnum cervum canibus per silvas agitat, celeri equo longe ante omnes socios praetervectus est. Interea caelum nubibus obscu- ratur gravisque imber cum multa grandine in terram decidit. Rex igitur, quod parvam casam inter arbores videt, tempestatis perfugium petit. Turn ubi is graviter incusabat indoctos illos astrologos, " Nulla tamen tem- pestas," respondit agricola cuius casa erat, "me incautum excipit ; semper enim meus asinus, qui fruges horti ad forum portare solet, voce rauca imbrem mihi praedicit." " Nlmirum," cum risu respondit rex, " si tuus asinus tarn bonus astrologus est, meos astrologos posthac in numero asinorum habebo." venationibus, cf. n, 4. indoctSs, tgndrds, u, 2. agitat, 65, 5. rauca, 12, 8. incusabat, increpdbat, 1 6, 9. risu, 57, ad fin. 60 ANECDOTES. 67. How to please Everybody! Senex quidam, qui asinum vendere voluit, cum filio eum ad urbem ducebat. Mox occurrunt choro virginum, quae dona ad templum Minervae portabant. " Hercle," inquit ex his maxima natu, "numquid potest esse stultius illls, qui pedibus iter faciunt, nee asino vehuntur?" Hoc ubi audlvit senex, filium asinum conscendere iussit et ipse alacri gressu iter pergebat. Non procul ab eo loco aliqul senes sermonem inter se serebant. Turn unus, "Eheu," inquit, " quantum tempora mutantur ! Ubi nunc est ille senectutis proprius honor ? desili ex asino, puer impu- dens, et patrl cede." Inde iuvenis, quern pudor fact! iam movet, celeriter id quod sibi imperatum est facit senexque invicem asinum conscendit. occurrunt, ir, 6. alacri, celeri. maxima natu, cf. minimum ndtu, 61, n. pergebat, 27, 4. vehuntur, cf. praeterv'ectus est, 66, 6. desili, 59, 8. 68. How to please Everybody ! — continued. Forte via secundum flumen ducebat, in quo duae feminae vestes lavabant. Hae ubi viatores vident, una voce crude- litatem patris filique durum laborem plorant. Senex igitur, qui omnibus placere vult, puerum post se sedere iubet. Nee tamen ea res prospere evenit, quod alius viator iis occurrit. "O impudentiam nefandam!" inquit, "facilius potestis asinum ipsi vehere, quam vos miserum animal." Turn senex, qui ne id quidem ineptum putabat, postquam crura asini funibus ad magnum contum vinxerat, novum onus cum maximo labore in suos filique umeros sub- levavit. At asinus, cui haec minime placebant, dum DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE. 61 ponte flumen transmittunt, subito nisu vincula rumpit et in aquam praecipitatur. evenit, 41, 10. contum, 27, 4. occurrit, 67, 2. sublevavit, 59, 12. vehere, portdre. transmittunt, trdnseunt. DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE. 32. Verbs which make sense with an accusative either of the person or of the thing, sometimes use both at once. This is called Double Accusative. te philosophiam docebo, / will teach you philosophy. (1) With some verbs the accusative of the thing is generally expressed by the present infinitive. docebo te tacere, / will teach you to be silent. quis te vetuit canere, who forbade your singing? omnes discedere iussit, he ordered all to depart. Cimbros prohibuerunt suos fines vastare, they kept the Cimbri from laying waste their territories. (2) If converted into the passive — Accusative of person becomes nominative. Accusative of thing remains. magister docet puenim litteras, the master teaches the boy letters. puer docetur litteras a magistro, the boy is taught letters by the master. patres consulem exercitum scribere iussenmt, the fathers ordered the consul to enroll an army. consul a patribus exercitum scribere iussus est, the con- sul was ordered by the fathers to enroll an army. 62 ANECDOTES. QUALITY. 33. A quality is something peculiar in a man which distinguishes him from others. A man •with a beard. In English quality is expressed — By an adjective. A talented man. By the equivalent of the Latin genitive. A man of talents. By the equivalent of the Latin ablative. A man without talent. In Latin, if the genitive or ablative is used, an epithet must always be put in. vir ingeniosus, a talented man. vir summi ingenl, a man of the highest talent. vir nullo ingenio, a man without any talent. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. The following anecdotes require a knowledge of— (a) Infinitive passive of the four conjugations. (£) Also fero, fid, eo. 69. The Inexhaustible Purse. Die Dianae sacro duo advenae sordida veste et specie humill cibum petebant ab Ephesiis, qul templum deae ANECDOTES. 63 celebrabant. Ubi ex tot divitibus nemo preces audire voluit, piscatorem pauperem, qui adstabat, auxilium roga- verunt. "At," respondit ille, " est mihi nee cibus nee argentum domi, quod continuae tempestates pisces a nostrls oris iamdudum depellunt. Si tamen mecum venire vultis, hanc noctem sub meo tecto requiescere poteritis." Inde advenas, qui laeti beneficium accipiunt, domum ad uxorem ducit. Ilia autem maesta, quod digno hospitio advenas non potest accipere, loculos vacuos, inopiae sig- num, ostendit. Subito ad terram decidunt asses duo. Piscator miraculo attonitus vinum cibumque emit ; nee posthac duram paupertatem ferebat, numquam enim loculir deerant divmi asses. sordid!, squalida. Oris, litoribus, 43, 6. veste, vestimentd, 17, i. maesta, trtstis, 53, 6. divitibus, from dives. decidunt, 66, 8. adstabat, aderat. paupertatem, cf. pauperem, 4. rogaverunt, petierunt. deerant, from desum, 70. The Golden Loaf. Lydon, agricola pauper sed probus, aliquando cum filio edebat parvum panem, quem totius die! mercede vix emerat. Dum puer dentibus suam partem panis frangit, complures nummi aurei, qui in cibo occulti erant, in gremium eius deciderunt. Hoc ubi videt puer, " Accipe," inquit laeta voce, " pater, hos nummos, quos deus aliquis tibi, paupertatis remedium, tribuit." " Minime, caris- sime," respondit pater, "pecuniam potius reddemus pistori, qui, dum panem coquit, pecuniam cum farina nescio quo casu miscuit." Sine mora ambo ad pistorem properant remque narrant. Turn ille, " Macte virtute, 64 ANECDOTES. Lydon ;. fortunam quam bene meruisti carpe ; hunc enim panem iussu regis el quern inveni probissimum libenter do." probus, opp. inhonestus, 8, i. deciderunt, 69, ad fin. edebat, 57, ad fin. nescio q\id = atit?u0. emerat, 69, ad fin. casu, 63, ad fin. nummi, 36, 6. carpe, 38, 6. 71. Hospitality. Multa audivimus de luxu divitilsque eorum sacerdotum qui sacrls Cereris praeerant. Ex his unus, cui nomen erat Lycus, quamquam modicas modo divitias habebat, omnes alios benignitate et liberalitate superabat. Hie enim, qui cottidie cibum semel edebat, semper ad fruga- lem cenam binos pauperes vocabat. Aliquando dum cum duobus pauperibus cenare incipit, tertius hospes, quem ipse non vocaverat, domum intravit. Turn Lycus, quod cena quattuor convivis non suppetebat, suum lectum advenae concessit. (Romani enim, dum cenant, in lectis semper iacebant.) "Tu,"" inquit, "hodie cena ; equidem heri cenavi ; eras quoque, si dis ita placet, cenabo." praeerant, fromfraesum. convivis, 9, i. benignitate, cf. benignus, n, i. lectum, 57, 7. pauperes, 70, i. dis, from deus, 13, ad fin. 72. Honesty is the Best Policy. Padius, agricola probus, qui multo labore aliquid argenti conlegerat, vaccam tandem emit, cuius lacte et sese et liberos alebat. Complures menses satis pabuli praebebat pratum baud ita magnum ; at media aestate, quod totus ager ardore solis torrebatur, ilia fame misere pressa est. Hoc ubi sensit Padius, quod acerrimo dolore perturbatus ANECDOTES. 65 est, ad horreum divitis colon!, qui non procul habitabat, noctu accessit. Hie postquam umeros magno fen I pondere oneravit, subito suae virtutis memor pabulum his verbis ad terrain deiecit ; " Magna est probitas, nee malo furto vaccam servare volo." Postrldie colonus, quern nee factum nee verba Pad! fefellerant, donum ad eum misit tantum feni, quantum plaustro vehl poterat, cum epistula, in qua haec scripta erant: "Magna vero est probitas, equidem tamen tuam vaccam servare volo." praebebat, 60, 6. fefellerant, from /#//<?. torrebatur, 16, 6. vehl, portdri. probitas, cf. probus. equidem, 71, ad fin. 73. Self-Restraint. Voluerunt olim animalia novum creare regem, quod leo, qui regnum antea obtinuerat, a venatore quodam occisus erat. Itaque certo die simius, cuius ioca ceteris magno opere placebant, suffragils omnium rex creatus est. Volpes tamen, cui simi nova dlgnitas minime grata fuit, regem submovere constituit. "Veni mecum," inquit, " rex magne, inveni enim sub antiqua quercu multum argenti, quod iure regum tibi proprium est." Simius statim iussit earn ad locum se ducere inciditque in plagas, quas volpes paraverat. Turn ilia cum rlsu, " Quo modo tu potes," inquit, " alios regere, qui ne te ipsum quidem regere potes ? " regnum obtinuerat, regndverat. mecum, 69, 7. magno opere, maxime. plagas, insidids. submovere, cf. dmovet, 57, ad fin. paraverat, fecerat. 66 ANECDOTES. 74. A Promising Pupil. Medicus qiridam gloriosus, qui maxima paupertate premebatur, omnium animos in se convertere voluit. Is igitur dum per urbem album asinum ducit, magna voce clamitabat, " Hunc quern videtis asinum, elves, litteras Latmas docere possum." Turn rex, cui id nuntiatum est, postquam hominem ad se arcessivit, eum rem statim perficere iussit. Is vero operam libenter suscipit, sed moram decem annorum postulat. Postero die unus ex amicis medicum ita admonuit ; " Fuge, 6 stultissime, ex hac regione, tu enim capitis certe damnaberis, quod rem quae fieri non potest suscepistl." At ille, " Bono es animo, amice ; nam decem annis aut ego aut rex aut asinus occiderimus." premebatur, 38, 7. capitis damnaberis, 64, ad fin. arcessivit, advdcdvit. occiderimus, 47, 7. 75. Counting her Chickens. Phyllis, ancilla quaedam, mulctrarium novi lactis ple- num Nolam ferebat. Dum iter facit, suas opes ita numerabat. " Certe," inquit, " ubi lac vendidero, ova complura potero emere. Nonne ex ovls gignuntur pulli ? ex pullis argentum ? Turn suem emere in animo est, quae brevi porculos multos mihi pariet. Inde erit mihi vacca ; nee multo post vitulus fusco colore, oculis pulcher- rimis. Quanta laetitia vitulum, dum saltat in pratis, aspiciam ! " Haec ubi dixit, prae gaudio saltavit ipsa, quo subito motu lac omne una cum divitiarum spe effusum est. opes, divitids. pariet, feret. suem, from sus. fusco, nigro. brevi, brevi temfore. effusum? from effunrfo. PARTICIPLES. 67 PARTICIPLES. 34. Participles are partly Adjective, partly Verb. Participles may often be translated by a relative clause, or by an adverbial clause, introduced by the conjunctions when, while, because, etc. 1 . vidi meum fTlinm salt antem. ( dancing. I saw my son \ 7 ., 7 . . ^ while he was dancing. 2. vidi latronem gladio armatum. ( armed with a sword. I have seen a robber 4 . , ( who was armed. 3. hostes victi pacem petiemnt ( conquered, sought for peace. The enemy, \ y ° J ( when they had been conquered. 4. milites armis impediti fugere non potuerunt. ( hammered with their arms, could not flee. The soldiers, \ , ., , . , (^ because they were hampered. 5. flumen eos transituros equites oppressenint. ( about to cross the river. The cavalry surprised them < , , . . ^ ( as they were on the point. N.B. — Remember that the past participle is passive, and do not translate it by having. PRICE AND VALUE. 35. Fixed value is expressed by the ablative ; tmfixed value is expressed by the genitive. i. parvi hostes habet, he thinks the enemy of little impor- tance. 68 ANECDOTES. 2. emit hortos ducentis minis, he bought the gardens for two hundred minae, 3. vendidi altenim equum talento, alterum pluris, / sold one horse for a talent, the other for more. f quanti aestimas agnim ? at what price do you value the 4. J field? [_ quinque talentis, (af) five talents. 36. The relative is often used in Latin after a full stop. This does not make the sentence adjec- tival, but simply serves to connect it with what has gone before. RULE 12. — After a full stop do not translate the relative by who or which, but by the demonstratives he, this, etc., with or without a conjunction. 1 . quod ubi sensit, (and} when he perceived this. 2. cui respond! t senex, (buf) the old man answered him. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. 76. Adventures of Robert, King of Scots. Robertus, Scotorum rex, vir et armis et virtute inslgnis, bellum cum Britannls non prospere prlmo gerebat. Erant enim in castris hostium complures Scot!, qui ob privatam invidiam Britannls auxilium praebebant. Ex his unus constituit regem capere per canem fidelissimum, quern ipse donum ab eo acceperat. Robertus forte maioribus hostium copiis circumdatus suos fugae causa in omnes ANECDOTES. 69 partes discedere iusserat ; ipse tamen cum uno comite se in silvas abdidit. At hostes cane ductl regis perfugium facile invenerunt. Hie autem latratu canis admonitus per alveum fluminis duo milia passuum ambulavit ; quo consilio saevos hostes elusit. Canis enim, qui vestigia domini terra cognoscere poterat, aqua omnino falsus est. insignis, 30, 7. abdidit, from abdo. constituit, 73, 6. elusit, decepit. se . . . abdidit, se celavit, 1 2, 10. falsus est, 47, i. 77. Adventures of Robert — continued. Postquam duas horas in silva densissima erraverant, tandem rex comesque fidelis tribus viris armatis specie feroci obviam iverunt. Rex tamen, etsi hos in susplcione habuit, fame confectus hospitium datum non abnuit. Inde ductus ad casam, quae baud procul aberat, benigne acceptus est a latronibus, qul totam ovem coxerunt magnamque partem advenls dederunt. Post cenam Ro- bertus longo labore defessus somno sese dedit. Comes tamen, qui a rege vigilare iussus erat, gravi somno op- pressus officium omisit. Turn latrones, qui ipsi somnum simulaverant, furtim petebant earn partem casae qua hospites dormiebant. obviam iverunt, occurrerunt. coxerunt, from coquo. etsi, quamquam. Smisit, neglexit. abnuit, recusat, 28, 8. furtim, cf. furtum ; fur, 12, 10. 78. Adventures of Robert — continued. Rex tamen, qui leviter dormiebat, somno excitatus a lecto prosiluit et postquam comitem suscitavit, gladium destrinxit. Atrox inde certamen factum est, rex enim 70 ANECDOTES. gladio unum e latronibus transfixit ; at comes Infelix subitd impetu perturbatus a latronibus interfectus est. Turn rex Ira et dolore incensus, quod gladium e corpore latronis interfecti detrahere non poterat, face ardenti, quam e foco corripuerat, alterius latronis caput ellsit. Quod ubi videt tertius, morte comitum perterritus fugam tentavit. Nee tamen e periculo evasit, rex enim iam armatus gladio quo occisum latronem spoliaverat, hostem fugientem mortal! volnere confecit. destrinxit, eduxit. ellsit,//^'/, 65, 13. certamen, pugna. evasit, effugit. 79. A Lover Lost. Galli, qul audaciam maximl aestimabant, ferarum cer- taminibus multum delectabantur. Aliquando rex cum magna caterva nobilium mulierumque clararum ludos sollemnes aspiciebat. Quaedam ex his, quae sponsi forti- tudinem tentare voluit, aureum torquem deiecit in mediam harenam, qua leo ingens cum duobus tigribus certamen acerrimum agebat. "Tu quidem," inquit, "si quid in te residet amoris erga me, torquem mihi e feris eripe." Statim iuvenis his verbis accensus in harenam se praeci- pitavit ; saltu alacri torquem rapuit ; tutus cum praemio rediit. Turn ille, dum omnes factum plaudunt, cum risu ad pedes virginis crudelis torquem proiecit. " Tu qui- dem," inquit, "rneam vitam minimi habuisti ; ego tuum amorem." sponsi, cf. 29, 5. praemio, palmd, 58, 6. deiecit, 38, 10. proiecit, 52, 8. alacri, celeri. habuisti, aestimdvisti. ANECDOTES. 71 80. The Guards Outwitted. Henrlcus, rex Britannorum, qul cum civibus turbu- lentis bellum gerebat, filium suum equitatui praefecerat. Hie tamen, iuvenis acer, quod equitibus hostium effusis audacius mstiterat, tandem captus est ab hostibus. Victo- res autem, qul 'captive volebant indulgere, eum sinebant cottidie cum paucis custodibus in equo vehl. Aliquando custodes iussu principis inter se cursu equorum contende- bant. Tandem postquam equi omnium cursu et labore confectl sunt, prmceps, qul a certamine de industria abstinebat, " En," inquit, " vobis novum certamen propo- no." Cum his verbls equum integrum incitavit celeriter- que e conspectu hostium fessorum ad amicos vectus est. turbulentis, s'editiosls, 21, 3. institerat, perseciitus erat. effusis, pulsis. confecti, defessl. 81. A Disguised Monarch. lacobus, rex Scotorum, vir gloriae militaris avidus, saepe sine ullo comite errabat, veste suae fortunae dissi- mili indutus. Olim dum per quandam silvam iter facit, de improviso a tribus latronibus oppressus in maximum capitis periculum adductus est. At rusticus quidam, qui ad clangorem armorum occurrerat, securi armatus regi volneribus et labore paene confecto auxilium attulit fuga- vitque latrones. Turn ubi rusticus pro tanto beneficio praemium accipere noluit, rex "Saltern," inquit, "redl mecum ad urbem, qua te dlgno accipiam hospitio, quod ipse apud regem habito." indutus, 47, ad fin. oppressus, raptus. de impr5vis5, subito. attulit, from adfero. 72 DEPONENT VERBS. 82. Which is the King? Rusticus, qui regem videre valde cupiebat, laetus cum hospite Ignoto ad regiam iter fecit. Post cenam rex " Si vis," inquit, " mecum in alteram partem aedium Ire, et regem et nobiles complures tibi ostendam." " Maxime," respondit rusticus, " sed quo modo regem cognoscere potero ? " "Facile," respondit ille, "nam ceterl sunt capite nudato, rex autem solus capite operto manet." Inde splendidum ineunt atrium, ubi adstant virl complu- res, ostro Insignes et auro. Frustra rusticus oculis regem per totum coetum exquirit. Tandem ad comitem versus ; " Ex nobis," inquit, " alter rex necessario est, nam soli ex tanto coetu capite sumus operto." valde, mdxime. ostrd, 30, 7. vis, from void. adstant, 69, 4. DEPONENT VERBS. 37. Deponent Verbs are passive in form but active in meaning. morior, / die. queror, / complain. (1) The present and future participles are active in form as well as meaning. querens, complaining. questums, about to complain. (2) The past participle of deponent verbs is active in meaning, and may therefore be translated by having. questus, having complained. ANECDOTES. 73 Fruor, Fungor, Etc. The verbs iitor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, are used with the ablative case instead of the accusative. The ablative follows also the adjectives dlgnus, worthy, indlgnus, unworthy ; the substantives opus, need, and usus, use. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. 83. Dumb Show. Admetus, vir pauper sed Idem acri ingenio praeditus, quod nihil cibi duobus diebus gustaverat, fame deperibat. Tertio autem die dum aedes splendidas praeterit, a portae custode aliquid cibi petiit. Hie autem hominis miseritus iussit eum domum ingredl atque ab ipso domino cibum petere. Admetus id quod imperatum est facit dominum- que in atrio sedentem invenit. QuI ubi rem cognovit, " Agite," inquit, " servi, aquam quam celerrime adferte." Deinde paulisper moratus, etsi apparebant nee servi nee aqua, manus lavantis gestum imitatus est. Admetus, etsi re satis attonitus est, tamen quod noluit dominum offen- dere, idem fecit. Deinde dominus servos primam cenam apponere iussit et tamquam veras dapes et ipse edit et hospiti praebet. fame, 38, 6. paulisper, breve tempus. ingredl, intrdre. apponere, 14, ad fin. atrium, 82, 8. dapes, epulds, 9, i. 74 ANECDOTES. 84. Dumb Show — continued. Postquam eodem modo simulates dapes ab 6v6 usque ad mala devoraverunt, Admetus iam ab omni spe cibi delectus, " Siste," inquit, "laborem, satis enim edi, ultra nee possum nee void." Cui dominus, " At, si non edere, certe aliquid bibere potes." Simul, " Agite," inquit, " servl, adferte mihi illud vinum, quod cado avus noster Plancus condidit." Deinde, ut an tea, postquam vlsus erat vinum effundere in f Ictum poculum, id amico tradidit. Hie autem personam etiam melius sustinuit ; prlmum enim ad lucem poculum sustulit, deinde vim odorem naribus captavit, postremo absorbere visus est. Postquam saepius vinum biberat, ebrium simulans, crura et bracchia iactare incipit ; denique, tamquam casu, caput hospitis iocosi ictu gravissimo pulsavit. Inde dum ille hum! iacet saucius, hie foras sese eripuit. mala, poma, 3, 5. sustulit, from tollo. delectus, 79, 5. saucius, volneratus. visus erat, from videor. se eripuit, fugit. 85. A Hard Bargain. Agricola quidam, vir dives atque idem* av^rus, dum per agros errat, opes divitiasque secure, considerabat. Sege- tes quidem aristis, pomis arboj^s. oneratae sunt, stabula autem bobus pinguibus iumentisque abundabant. Ex agris^ domum regressus, postquam aedes intravit, arcam. ubi nummi conditi sunt, avidis oculis contemplabatur. Subito- vocem audivit dicentis : " Num auro divitiisque bene: usus es ? Umquamne pauperes egenosque curavisti ? "" Qua voce attonitus dum vitam praeteritam recenset, ANECDOTES. 75 occurrit pauper quidam et aliquid argenti ab eo petiit. " Id tibi libenter dabo," respondit ille, " si voles meum sepulcrum dies noctesque tres custodlre." Quibus verbis pecuniam alter! tradidit et statim e vita discessit. segetes, agri. umquamne = num. umquam. bdbus, from bos. egenos, 14, i. nummi, pecunia. recenset, secum considerat. 86. A Hard Bargain — continued. Inde pauper iustis funebribus perfunctus, quod fidem datam violare noluit, per duas noctes sepulcrum agricolae custodiebat. Tertia tamen nocte Mors ipsa apparuit funebri veste induta, et corpus sibi tradl iussit. Is autem, etsl capilli prae metu horruerunt, promlssi non oblitus Mortem ita adlocutus est. " Equidem, Mors, hoc cadaver tibi concedam ; repeto tamen pro tali munere tantum aurl quantum ex mels cothurnis alterum compleverit." Mors non respuit condicionem. Inde dum haec pecuniam arcessit, ille cultro imum cothurnum perforat. Haud ita multo post Mors regressa nummorum saccum, quern reportavit, in cothurnum effudit. Mlrata quod cothurnus nondum completus est, alterum saccum priore maiorem arcessivit. Tandem postquam ne hie quidem cothurnum complere valuit, dum tertium saccum arcessit, sole oriente excepta necessario fugere coacta est. induta, vestita. respuit, abnuit, 37, ad fin. adlocutus, from adloquor. arcessit, adfert. cadaver, corpus. regressa, 85, 5. munere, beneficio. excepta, deprehensa. alterum, unum. coacta, from cogo. 76 ANECDOTES. 87. The Foolish Maid-Servants. Anus quaedam, quae baud procul Tarento ab urbe habitavit, suas ancillas ad galll cantum e somno excitare solebat. Hae igitur quod a prlma luce usque ad occa- sum solis laborem sustinere coactae sunt, gallum malo- rum causam occidere constituerunt. Postero igitur die sub vesperum, dum altera pedes galll utraque manu retinet aversata, altera, quae paulo audacior fuit, caput avis Infellcis securi percussit. Id tamen longe aliter evenit ac putabant. Postquam enim gallus interfectus erat, anus, quae ad id tempus cantum eius patienter exspectare solebat, ancillas nunc media nocte, nunc prlma luce, semper tamen maturius quam antea, e somno excita- vit. Ancillae igitur, quae ita se fefellerant, pro tanto facinore dignas poenas persolverunt. e somno excitare, 78, i. securi percussit, 62, ad fin. constituerunt, 73, 6. fefellerant, from /#//#. 88. Inattention Rebuked. Demosthenes, ille orator clarissimus, quod res publica in summum discrlmen adducta est per consilia Philippi, Macedonum regis, Athenienses de perlculo quod immine- bat saepe monebat. Postquam diutius more suo elves hortatus est, miratus quod surdls auribus verba faciebat, subito vocem mutavit. "Ceres olim," inquit, " una cum hirundine et angue itineris comitibus profecta, ad altum pervenit flumen, quod tranavit anguis, hirundo autem pennis transvolavit." Hie ubi orator subito sermonem interrupit, "At Ceres ipsa quo modo traiecta est?" ex- ceperunt elves. Turn ille voltu severe, " Numquid vobis GERUNDS AND SUPINES. 77 stultius esse potest, Athenienses, qui ita delectamini fabu- lis, quibus auctoritatem quidem nullam adiungere debemus, Philippum tamen, qui exitium civitati minatur, nihili habetis?" discrimen, pericuhim. profecta, from proficiscor. verba faciebat, dlcebat. traiecta est, trdnsiit. GERUNDS AND SUPINES. 38. Gerunds and supines are used to make up the cases of the verb-noun infinitive. amare, loving; amandi, of loving; amando, to or by loving. Thus the gerunds are used like the genitive, dative, and ablative, of ordinary nouns. 1 . amor bibendi, love of drinking. 2. parendo artem regnand! discimus, by obeying we learn the art of ruling. NOTE. — Only intransitive verbs as a rule use gerunds, which are declined in case, but not in gender or number. Transitive verbs use an adjectival form called the gerundive, which agrees with its noun in number, gender, and case. 1. Belgae vixerunt piscibus edendis, the Belgae supported life by eating Jish. 2. profectus est cum duabus legionibus ad urbem expug- naiidam. he started with two legions to storm the city. 78 ANECDOTES. The supines are two noun forms of declension IV. (1) Supine in um — an accusative of purpose after verbs of motion, veni te visum, I have come to see you. (2) Supine in u — an ablative of respect used chiefly with adjectives. ( to be said ! mirabile dictu ! wonderful \ . ( in the saying ! ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. 89. The Robbers. Balbus agricola, qui in silvas ligna caesum Iverat, virgultls occultus magnam manum latronum, qui adibant, vidit. Qui dum perterritus nullum sonum edere audet, dux ipse latronum altissimam rupem aggressus earn dextra pulsavit haec locutus, "Aperl te, horreum." Quibus verbis, mirabile dictu ! fores celatae aperiri visae sunt antrumque ingens patefierl. Inde latrones antrum ingressl onera, quae portabant, deposuerunt iterumque regress! e conspectu discesserunt. Deinde Balbus, qui tandem e latebrls exlre ausus est, lisdem verbis usus, rupem ipse pulsavit antrumque patefecit auro completum et argento, quod a viatoribus raptum latrones in eo loco abdiderant. Quo vlsu attonitus sese quam maximo aurl pondere oneravit domumque laetus rediit. caesum, from caedo. regress!, 85, 5. Iverat, from eo. ausus est, from audere. aperi, 32, 5. attonitus, 69, ad fin. ANECDOTES. 79 90. Caught by the Robbers. Balbo erat frater nomine Caius, vir dives sed avarus. Hie de fortuna Balbi per uxorem certior factus fratrem carmen illud, quo antrum aperiri poterat, diris minis divolgare coegit. Itaque cum tribus asinis ad rupem profectus verbisque magicis usus antrum intravit asinos- que auro oneravit. Mox autem ubi redire voluit, carminis oblitus, "Aperi te," inquit, " hordeum ; " cui voci quia fores parere no- luerunt, nee carminis ipsius meminisse poterat (tantae enim divitiae rationem animi perturbabant), a latronibus brevi captus est. Hi postquam virum gladiis interfece- runt, corpus eius in quattuor partes divisum intra antrum suspenderunt. Postero autem die Balbus, qui rem suspi- catus locum ipse adierat, noctu membra fratris ex antro eripuit. diris, terribilibus. Oblitus, from oblwiscor. minis, cf . mindtur, 88, ad fin. brevi, 44, 9. coegit, from cogo. adierat, from adeo. 91. Two can Play at that Game. Hoc ubi cognovit dux latronum, suorum callidissimum rei exquirendae causa ad urbem misit. Qui quidem dum urbem pererrat, forte occurrit sartori cuidam, qui a Balbo iussus fratris membra disiecta acu iunxerat (corpus enim, in quattuor partes divisum, sepeliri leges vetabant). Hie, vir loquax, a latrone callide interrogatus, non modo rem omnem quaerenti divolgavit, sed domum etiam Balbi ostendit. Inde latro, postquam fores creta notaverat, ad 80 IMPERSONAL VERBS. antrum rediit noctuque comites ad locum duxit. Id tamen quod latro fecerat non effugerat Balbl ancillam, quae consilium eius suspicata domorum vlcmarum fores eodem modo notaverat. Latrones igitur, quod inimicl domum cognoscere non poterant, in silvas inritl redierunt. callidissimum, 44, 2. callide, cf. line i. sepelm, 45, 8. inriti, frustrd. 92. The Forty Thieves. Postero die dux latronum ad aedes Balbi ab eodem sartore ductus naturam loci oculls accuratissime observa- vit. Inde viginti asinos vasis ingentibus oneratos paravit ; quorum unum quidem oleo implevit ; in reliqua tamen singula binos abdidit latrones. Deinde vesperl mercato- rem simulans ad urbem cum asinis profectus est et a Balbo quern pro aedibus sedentem invenit hospitium sibi suisque petiit. A quo benlgne acceptus vasa omnia in horto disposuit comitesque signum silentes exspectare iussit. At ancilla eadem, quae, dum dux latronum cum domino suo cenat, fraudem perspexerat, oleum ex primo vase deductum atque Igne tostum, latronibus, qui in reli- quis vasis latebant, iniecit omnesque ad unum suffocavit. sartore, 91, 3. vesperi, noctii. vasis, 49, 3. tostum, from torreo. IMPERSONAL VERBS. 39. Impersonal Verbs are those which cannot have for their nominative a personal pronoun or a sub- stantive. ANECDOTES. 81 They are of two kinds — 1. Those which always have a nominative, but it can only be (1) a neuter pronoun ; (2) an infinitive ; (3) a clause. These are libet, licet, accidit, constat, etc. 1. oportet me ablre, I must go (lit. it behooves me to go). 2. si illud non licet, certe hoc licebit, if that is not lawful, at any rate this will be. 2. Those which need have no nominative ex- pressed. piget, pudet, poenitet, taedet, miseret. The passive of all intransitive verbs must be used impersonally. 1 . invidetur mihi, / am envied. 2. pugnatum est acriter ab utrisque, (the battle} was fought sharply on both sides. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. 93. The Wonderful Island. Mercator quidam, nomine Sinon, quod eum cessandi et nihil agendi piguit, perlcula maris tentare constituit. Navl igitur ad Indos vectus primo, quod procellae fluctus 82 ANECDOTES. agitabant, gravi nausea oppressus mortem optavit. Mox autem, ubi vis tempestatis mitescebat, morbum depulit. Faucis post diebus, dum aperto marl procul a portu navi- gatur, parvam Insulam nigro colore baud multum super aquam eminentem nautae vident. Turn omnes e nave egressl hue illuc per totam Insulam vagantur ; tandem Ignem accendere incipiunt. Subito sub pedibus diro sonitu msula evanuit in undas omnesque in gurgitem hausti sunt. Monstrum enim marinum, quae nautis insula ob magnitudinem visa est, e somno Igne excitatum, in mare se mersit. Quo casu omnes nautae perierunt ; Sinon autem magna sustentus trabe quam forte ad ignem ferebat, natando ad terram ignotam pervenit. constituit, 73, 6. diro, 90, 3. hue illuc, 14, 10. perierunt, cf. 83, 2. 94. The Diamond Valley. Sinon quidem totum diem per loca deserta vagatus omni spe reditus deiectus est. At noctu dum dormit, ad vallem altissimis montibus interclusam ingenti ave raptus est. Tali miraculo attonitus postero die aliquid etiam mirabilius vidit; tota enim vallis gemmis ornata est. Incolae huius terrae quod in vallem descendi non potest, gemmas ita conligere solent. Summis de montibus carnem deiciunt, quam aquilae ab Ima valle in nidos ferunt. Inde mercatores magno clamore aves depellunt, gemmisque carni adhaerentibus ipsi potiuntur. Quod ubi Sinon cognovit, postquam sese quam plurimis gemmis oneraverat, suum corpus ad carnem adligavit tutusque magna aqm'la ad nidum l^atus est. Unde ad urbem prg- ANECDOTES. 83 plnquam facile descendit gemmasque magno pretio ven- didit. vagatus, pererrdns. ima valle = Imdparte vallts. interclusam, circumdatam. carnem, from card. 95. The Giant's Cave. Idem Sinon ne his quidem divitils contentus Oceanum iterum tentare constituit ; celerl igitur nave cum paucis sociis vectus ventls adversls ad terrain Ignotam pulsus est, quam incolebant homines barbari advenis inimicis- siml. Hi scaphis navem aggressl Sinonem sociosque duxerunt ad suum regem, gigantem immanem specie horribili, qui unum modo oculum in media fronte positum habebat. Rex postquam captives omnes manu ingenti tractaverat, ex ils, quern pinguissimum iudicavit, igne tostum devoravit. Ceterl tamen, quod incaute a barbaris custodiebantur, eodem veru, quo comes mfellx transfixus erat, oculum gigantis dormientis transfoderunt et veils remisque a terra inhospitall fugerunt. sociis, comitibus. media fronte, cf. medidnocte, 87, n. scaphis, 51, 6. tostum, 92, ad fin. 96. The Royal Sepulchre. Haud ita multo post secundis ventls Sinon sociique ad insulam fertilem et oplmam vecti sunt. Quo in loco dum Sinon studio frugum carpendarum longius a navi errat, a sociis infidelibus relictus est. Rex tamen huius Insulae hospitem benigne accepit suamque filiam, virginem pul- cherrimam, el in matrimonium dedit. Id tamen minus prospere evenit ; uxor enim Sinonis proximo anno mortua est. Turn elves, quod dura lege viros una cum uxoribus 84 ANECDOTES. sepellre solent, Sinonem vivum cum uxore mortua funibus demittunt in puteum profundum, quo sepulcro reges illlus terrae utebantur. Huic tamen ab omni spe salutis inter- cluso fortuna patefecit iter. Sinon enim fame sitique iam moriturus volpem vidit quae cadaveribus vescebatur. Quam per vias occultas diu secutus parvam rimam qua ipsa puteum intraverat tandem invenit. Inde Sinon, postquam magna vi nisus lapidem ingentem submoverat, se liberavit atque ad oram maritimam evasit. secundis, opp. adversis, 95, 3. funibus, 27, i. opimam, divitem. puteum, 59, ad fin. prospere, felldter. cadaveribus, 86, 6. 97. The Old Man of the Sea. Sinon per litus quinque milia passuum vagatus senem quendam in ripa fluminis sedentem invenit. Hie Sinonem se trans flumen umerls transportare iussit. Itaque Sinon, quern senis infirml miseruit, eum in umeros sublevavit, id quod imperatum est facturus. Senex autem, simul in loco firmiter sedit, cruribus collum amplexus, Sinonem onus deponere prohibuit. Turn Sinon, quod luctari non audebat, senex enim diro amplexu eum suffocabat, domi- num hue illuc per totum diem vehere coactus est. Nee nox laboris flnem fecit, senex enim etiam dormiens captl- vum artius amplectebatur. Postero tamen die, dum iussu domini per silvam iter facit, Sinon repente caput senis arboris ramo qui impendebat maxima vi admovit. Quo Ictu stupefactus senex crura laxavit atque ad terram mori- bundus cecidit. vagatus, 94, i. hue illuc, 93, 9. sublevavit, 68, 10. vehere, portfire. luctari, contenders, cecidit, from cado. ANECDOTES. 85 98. How to pick Cocoanuts. Tali perlculo ita liberatus Sinon dum per silvam pedem refert, mercatoribus occurrit compluribus qui ad nuces carpendas ibant. Cum his se iungere constituit. Nuces, quae summis modo ramis dependent, mercatores baud facile carpunt, quod levis arboris truncus ascend! non potest. Hunc tamen modum invenerunt. Simias, quae plurimae silvas colunt, saxis vexant : quam ob rem illae Iratae nuces ab arboribus direptas in mercatores deiciunt. Sinon nucibus multls potitus mercatores simias ipse cap- tare docuit. lussu eius vasa quaedam aquae plena ad Imas arbores admoverunt, quibus in vasis manus multo cum fragore lavabant. Inde vasa eadem nigra pice com- pleverunt discesseruntque e loco. Simiae autem homines ex consuetudine imitatae, ubi manus in vasa imposuerunt, pice retentae facile captantur. occurrit, obviam it, 77, 3. vasa, 49, 3. carpendas, 96, 3. Imas arbores, cf. imti valle, 94, 8. direptas, carptds. lavabant, 83, 10. 99. The Elephants' Burial-place. Haud multum ab eo loco magnus grex elephantorum teneris frondibus pascebatur. Quo visu perterriti ceterl in fugam se dederunt, Sinon tamen arcu armatus post- quam in arborem ascenderat, celeribus sagittis maximum ex elephantls interfecit. A mercatoribus igitur, qui ebur maximi aestimant, donis oneratus est. Inde Sinon, cul divitiae animum addiderunt, quandam in arborem, quae iuxta parvum lacum crescebat, saepissime ascendebat. Quo consilio complures interfecit elephantos, quos bibendi causa eum locum adire oportebat. Tertio tamen mense 86 ANECDOTES. elephanti, quibus aquam sine noxia adire non licebat, in Sinonem universi impetum fecerunt crebrlsque ictibus ipsam arborem radicitus evellerunt. Inde virum attoni- tum mortemque exspectantem in tergum sublevavit dux gregis longeque per silvas ad eum locum portavit quo sepulcro elephanti utebantur. Sinon igitur, qui ex mor- tuis elephantis satis eboris potitus est, vlvis posthac par- cebat. baud multum, cf. 96, i. ictibus, 84, ad fin. maximi, cf. minimi, 79, ad fin. sublevavit, 97, 5. saepissime, iterum atque iterum. parcebat, 62, ad fin. 100. The Subterranean Passage. Sinon dives ita factus, quod domum ad suos redire voluit, nactus idoneum tempus ad navigandum, e portu solvit. At paucos post dies coorta est saevissima tem- pestas, cuius violentia navis ad scopulos appulsa nau- fragium fecit. Hoc in loco aestus per latus mentis praeruptum alveo haud ita magno fluminis modo volvitur. Sinon comitesque complures dies in angusta rupe mane- bant, quod hinc vis fluctuum eos abire prohibuit, illinc mons altissimus nullo modo ascend! potuit. Tandem Sinon postquam parvam ratem e trabibus navis fecerat, sine ullo comite se committere ausus est flumini, quod sub Imum montem volutum est. Inde per vias occultas summa celeritate vectus, quod nee iter videre nee cursum dirigere poterat, labore et excubiis defessus gravi somno oppressus est. nactus, from nanciscor. trabibus, 93, ad fin. appulsa, cf. 95, 3. ausus est, 89, 3. naufragium, 50, 3. volutum, from volvo. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. $7 10 1. Home at Last. Quo somno Sinon oppressus duos dies omni sensu carebat ; tertio tamen die, ubi animum vix recepit, solem laetus aspexit : ratis enim, dum ipse dormit, iter pericu- losum confecerat et vl fluminis vecta ad oppidum quod- dam in ripa positum advenerat. Deinde cives tali miraculo attoniti Sinonem ad regem suum duxerunt. Hie postquam rem omnem cognovit, quod tanta pericula plus quam humana videbantur, Sinoni, honoris causa, pallium purpureum aureamque coronam dari iussit navi- que egregia donavit. Inde Sinon secundis ventis domum advectus inter amicos propinquosque reliquum vitae spatium tranquille peregit nee ullo periculo posthac vexatus est. somno, cf. somnium, 48, 8. peregit, cf. dego, 65, i. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 40. The Subjunctive Mood is never used, like the Indicative, to describe a fact. It expresses desire, hopey or doubt. 1. boni simus, let us be good. 2. sis felix, may ycu be fortunate. 3. quid faciam ? what am I to do ? The perfect subjunctive with ne is used, instead of the imperative, to express negative commands of the second person. ne hoc feceris, do not do this. Observe that ne, used in commands, is placed first in its sentence ; -«/, used in questions, is added to the first word. See § 18. 88 ANECDOTES. The subjunctive mood is used to express purpose, consequence, condition, etc. It is translated by the English subjunctive when it expresses purpose, and sometimes when it ex- presses condition, but in other cases by the indicative. 1. portas claudit, ne quis effugiat, he shuts the gates, that no one may escape. 2. tanta erat caedes, ut nemo effugeret, so great was the slaughter, that no one escaped. 3. si illi effugissent, ego custodem necavissem, if they had escaped, I should have killed the jailor. 4. cum effugissent, domum redierunt, when they had escaped, they returned home. ANECDOTES FOR TRANSLATION. 102. The Donkey's Advice. Agricola quidam, nomine Cato, sermonem animalium intellexit. Hie olim bovem, qui fortunam adversam apud asinum querebatur, audivit. " Utinam," inquit bos, " mea fortuna tuae similis esset. Te cottidie noster magister diligenter curat, tibi dulcissimum cibum parat ; ego tamen, qui arando totum diem consiamo, gramme vescor tenul." Cui asinus, "Tu tamen, 6 stultissime, merito haec pateris, quod iugi nimium patiens es. Cur non magistro istls cornibus mortem minaris ? Cur non mugi- tus horrisonos edis ? Hoc consilio usus fortunam melio- rem habebis. Cibum quern tibi hodie servi attulerint edere noli ; eras autem, ne te aratro iungant, omni vi repQgna." Bos id quod imperatum est facit. At ma- ANECDOTES. 89 gister, qui omnia audiverat, ut asinum pro consilio puniret, eum aratro pro bove iungl iussit. querebatur, cf. 4, 6. edis, 89, 3. pateris, from patior. attulerint, from adfero. minaris, 88, ad fin. pro consilid, ob consilium. 103. The Donkey's Advice — continued. Vesper!, ubi asinus labore Insueto defessus ad sta- bulum rediit, a comite summis laudibus acceptus est. Ille autem, quern prioris consill iam poenitebat, amlcum ita monuit. " Cave, mi amice, ne istud otium tibi plus quam labor pristinus noceat. Nuper enim, dum ex agris redeo, nostrum audivi magistrum, qui te eras mactari iussit, nisi opere solito fungi velles. Ne te sine causa tanto periculo obtuleris." Quibus verbis perterritus bos, qui cultrum sacerdotis iam animo praesensit, gratias asino pro consilio utilissimo egit. Postero igitur die ubi agricola agros iterum arare voluit, bos iugo repugnare non ausus, ipse suum collum aratro praebuit. vesperi, 92, 5. obtuleris, from offero. pristinus, prior. gratias . . . egit, 22, 8. fungi, perficere. praebuit, porrexit, 60, 7. 104. The Bottom of the Stream. Boeotus quidam, qui per terram ignotam iter faciebat, ad flumen montanum, quod viam intercludebat, advenit. Itaque miratus quod tanta vis aquae ab una parte volve- batur, dita patienter exspectabat, dum deflueret amnis. Tandem, quod morandl eum taedebat, nee vis aquae omnlno minuebatur, agricolam, qui forte astabat, appel- lavit. " Tu, quaeso," inquit, " vera mihi responde : 90 ANECDOTES. Imumne flumen firmum est?" "Nihil potest esse fir- mius," respondit ille. Quibus verbis conflrmatus in aquam Boeotus desiluit. Quod tamen flumen fuit altissi- mum, sub undls mersus natando mortem vix effugit. Turn Boeoto de fraude querenti, "Te certe," respondit agricola, "irasci minime decet ; tu enim Imum flumen, quod re vera firmissimum est, nondum attigisti." intercludebat, 94, 3. mersus, submenus. imumne, tmum-ne. natando, 93, ad fin. 105. A Dishonest Couple. Dario, Persarum regl, servus erat, nomine Lydon, quern maxime amabat. Cui rex, ut indicium benevo- lentiae Insigne praestaret, in matrimonium dedit puellam pulcherrimam, quam regma ex omnibus ancillls fidelissi- mam habebat. Hi autem, quod suis divitiis nimis pro- dige utebantur, brevl pauperes fact!, ut argentum ex rege impetrarent, hoc consilium inierunt. Prima luce vir regem adgressus tristi voltu fortunam deplorare incipit. "Uxor," inquit, "mea proxima nocte e vita discessit." Turn rex, quern virl Infelicis miseruit, consolandi causa, purpureum pallium argentique talentum el dari iussit. At uxor eodem tempore coniugem mortuum coram regma deplorabat. Quae tanto dolore mota ei vestem pretiosam et auri nummos quinquaginta dedit. indicium, signum. inierunt, ceperunt. praestaret, praeberet. coram regina, apud regtnam. 1 06. A Dishonest Couple — continued. Rex igitur reginam petiit de morte ancillae tam amatae consolaturus. Inde regina ad regem versa, " Gratias ANECDOTES. 91 tibi," inquit, "pro benevolentia ago; tu tamen in hoc erravistl, quod mea ancilla adhuc vlvit, vir tamen eius mortuus est." Quod ubi rex credere noluit, ut rem tarn dubiam explicarent, ambo ad earn partem aedium, quam servl habitabant, Ire pergunt. Hue ubi pervenerunt, res magis in ambiguo erat, quod et vir et femina eodem rogo impositi speciem mortis praebebant. Denique rex, " Hie certe mortuus est et ilia. Uter tamen prior e vita dis- cessit ? Si quis mihi totam rem explicaverit, el triginta nummos aureos libenter dabo." At vir statim e rogo desiluit. "Mihi," inquit, "rex magne, nummos redde, ego enim primus mortuus sum." vir, coniilnx. ambiguo, dubio. pergunt, incipiunt. redde, dd. 107. May a Man do what he Likes with his Own? Lysander, Atheniensis, cum cetera animalia satis diligebat, turn equos summo fovebat amore. Is olim, dum Thebas iter facit, in Boeotum quendam incidit, qui equo suo ob nescio quam culpam male utebatur. Quod ubi vidit, gravibus probrls tantam crudelitatem increpuit. " Quid tandem id ad te attinet ? " respondit ille. " Nonne licet mihi equum, si ita placet, verberare meum ? " " Maxime," inquit Lysander, " quod exemplum tu pro- ponis, id ego imitabor." Haec locutus magno baculo, quod manu portabat, tergum eius graviter et saepe ver- beravit. "Hoc enim," inquit^ "baculum meum est. Nonne igitur mihi licet eo, ita ut placet, utl ? " cum . . . turn, et . . . et. in ... incidit, occurrit. diligebat, amdbat. nescio quam, aliquant. 92 ANECDOTES. 108. The Good-natured Boy. Glaucus, puer ingenio benlgno, a patre missus est ad parvum oppidum, quod ab eo loco octo mllia passuum aberat. Cul, dum iter facit, occurrit canis fame paene confectus dextramque lambens cibum petere visus est. Inde Glaucus misericordia motus, etsl ipse esuriebat, magnam sul cibi partem canl dedit. Cum autem paulo longius ivisset, hominem aspexit caecum, qul in flumen prolapsus se movere non audebat, ne in aquam altiorem incideret. Glaucus igitur, etsl ipse natare non poterat, in aquam statim desiluit et cum dextram caecl adripuisset, euni ad rlpam duxit. Inde cum aquam e veste expres- sisset, ad oppidum quam celerrime contendit. motus, 105, ad fin. duxit, trdxit. esuriebat, 49, ad fin. expressisset, from exprimo. 109. Timely Assistance. Inde Glaucus, cum iam ad oppidum appropinquaret, in nautam quendam altero pede claudum incidit. Hie aliquid cibi ab eo petiit. Cul puer id quod reliquum erat panis dedit. His faciendis tantum diel consump- serat, ut, dum domum ex oppido redit, nocte oppressus cursum tenere non posset, sed per aviam silvam erraret. Subito autem duo latrones, qul in silva latebant, ex msidiis prosiliunt puerumque raptum veste spoliare parant. At canis fidelis, qul Glaucum totum diem secutus est, alterius latronis crus tarn acriter momordit, ut hie cum gemitu puerum liberaret. Simul vox horrenda audlta est clamantis, "En latrones illi, quos tarn diu ferro ignique sequimur." Qua voce territl ambo diffugerunt. ANECDOTES. 93 At Glaucus ad clamorem conversus nautam cognovit claudum, quern caecus ille umeris portabat. Hi enim de consilils latronum certiores factl tempore opportune subsidio venerunt. altero, uno. alterius, iinftts. his, his rebus. momordit, from mordeo. 1 10. The Attack on the Castle. "Spartacus olim, prmceps earum gentium quae trans Rhe- num habitabant, magnam turrim haud procul a flumine aedificaverat. Inde cum suis militibus plurimas incursi- ones in agros flnitimos facere solitus est, ut Igni ferroque omnia vastaret. Quam ob rem magnum odium incolarum urbis fmitimae susceperat. Hi igitur, cum iniurias illius non diutius tolerare possent, universi in muros impetum fecerunt. Diu et acriter pugnatum est. Tandem princeps, quod commeatu omnmo interclusus est, legatos ad eos de deditione misit. Cum tamen elves Irati pacem dare vellent ea modo condicione, ut ipse ad supplicium tra- deretur, Ignem turrl admovere constituit et sese suaque omnia incendio consumere. in. The Attack on the Castle — continued. Quod ubi cognovit uxor SpartacI, femina summae con- stantiae, sola vallum ascendere ausa est cum hostibus conloquendl causa. " Nolite," inquit, "elves, victoriam quam reportavistis clade feminae defamare. Mihi saltern liceat e turn discedere cum eo modo, quod mels umeris portare possim." Inde elves, quod ab ilia multa beneficia acceperant, id quod petiit libenter concesserunt. BrevI 94 ' ANECDOTES. autem, dum omnes adventum eius exspectant, a porta patefacta egressa femina fortis ad castra hostium accessit cum coniuge, quern in umeros sublevatum portabat. Inde elves virtutem feminae mirati, quod fidem datam violare noluerunt, et coniugi et uxori pepercerunt. clade, morte. pepercerunt, from pared. 112. An Ill-matched Pair. Lupus olim cum volpe societatem coniunxit. Hanc igitur, quod multo mfirmior erat, quodcumque ille im- peravit, facere oportebat Aliquando, dum per silvam comites iter faciunt, "Volpes carissima," inquit lupus, " aliquid cibi mihi quam celerrime adfer, ne fame coactus te ipsam devorem." " Equidem," respondit volpes minis perterrita, "baud procul ab hoc loco duos agnos pridie conspexi, quos facillime tibi adferre potero." Cum hoc inter eos convenisset, volpes ex agnis alterum ab agro ad lupum portavit. Deinde, ut sibi aliquid invenlret, discessit. At lupus, qul brevi agnum devoravit, ne hoc quidem satis contentus, ut altero potiretur, ipse ad ovile profectus est. Is autem, quod rem incautius egit, a pastore captus ita graviter verberatus est, ut corpus ad silvam vix trahere posset. 113. Greediness Punished. Postero die lupus de suls iniuriis questus, a comite factl imprudentis vehementer incusatus est ; " Hodie tamen," inquit volpes, " si mecum venire vis, tantum cibi quantum edere poteris tibi dabo." Lupus igitur volpem secutus, horreum agricolae cuiusdam rima haud ita magna intravit. Hie, cum carnis maximam copiam invenissent, ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 95 ambo dapibus inopinatls vesci incipiunt. Volpes autem inter edendum ad rimam cursitabat. Subito ingens stre- pitus auditus est. Panduntur portae. Inruit agricola cum securl ingente armatus. Inde volpes, quae haud multum ederat, rima se facile eripuit ; lupus tamen tan- turn carnis devoraverat, ut corpus in rima haereret. Agricola igitur, cum eum securl interfecisset, caput posti- bus adfixit. Quo exemplo fures in posterum a raplnis deterruit. ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. 41. Study the following Latin sentences and the translation. 1. Dico te scribere / say that you are writing (write or do write). 2. Futamus te scripsisse, we think that you wrote (or have written). 42. In translating we introduce the word that after the leading verb, then we translate the accusa- tive as if it were nominative, and the infinitive as if it were indicative. 43. This construction of the accusative and in- finitive is regularly used after verbs of saying, think- ing, knowing, 2d\& perceiving. INDIRECT QUESTIONS. 44. Study the following Latin sentences and the translation : 1. Scio quis sis, / know who you are. 2. Sciebam ubi essemus, / knew where we were. 96 CUM CAUSAL OR CONCESSIVE. 45. Notice that the subjunctives sis and essemus are translated by the indicative. The dependent clauses are called indirect questions, for they repre- sent quis es ? and ubi eramus ? 46. Indirect questions begin with an interrogative word and have the verb in the subjunctive. CUM CAUSAL OR CONCESSIVE. 47. Cum sometimes means as or since; some- times though. When it has either of these two meanings it is followed by the subjunctive. 1. Cum amici adsint, gaudemus, since our friends are present, we rejoice. 2. Cum fortiter pugnarent, tamen non vicerunt, though they fought bravely, yet they did not conquer. 48. Observe that the subjunctive is translated as if it were indicative. THE RELATIVE OF PURPOSE. 49. We may say in Latin : — 1. Legatj missi sunt ut pacem peterent. 2. Legati missi sunt qui pacem peterent. The translation is the same : — deputies were sent to sue for peace. 50. The relative may be used to denote purpose, and, with the following subjunctive, may be trans- lated by the infinitive. THE ARGONAUTS. .97 THE ARGONAUTS. The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about as follows. Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson from his kingdom in Thessaly and had attempted to take the life of Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason, however, escaped and grew up to manhood in another country. At last he returned to Thessaly, and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt to recover the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis, supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a band of heroes started in the ship Argo (called after Argus, its builder), and after many adventures reached Colchis. Here Aeetes, king of Colchis, who was unwilling to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an impossible task, viz., to plough a field with certain fire-breathing oxen and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medea, the daughter of the king, however, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first to perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. Medea then fled with Jason, and, in order to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus. After reaching Thessaly, Medea caused the death of Pelias, and was, with her husband, expelled from Thessaly. They removed to Corinth, and here Medea, becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon, caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. After this Medea was carried off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and Jason was soon afterwards accidentally killed. 114. The Wicked Uncle. Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Ae- son, alter Pelias appellatus est. Horum Aeson prlmum regnum obtinuerat ; at post paucos annos Pelias, regnl 98 . THE ARGONAUTS, cupiditate adductus, non modo fratrem suum expulit, sed etiam in animo habebat, lasonem, Aesonis filium, inter- ficere. Quidam tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae intellexerunt, puerum e tanto periculo eripere con- stituerunt./ Noctu igitur lasonem ex urbe abstulerunt et cum postero die ad regem rediissent, ei renuntiaverunt puerum mortuum esse. Pelias, cum haec audivisset, etsi re vera magnum gaudium percipiebat, speciem tamen doloris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaeslvit. 111! tamen, cum , bene intellegerent dolorem eius falsum esse, nescio quam fabulam de mprte puerl fmxerunt. «*\ L i* .A \~ 115. A Careless Shoe-String. Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum tanta vl et fraude occupatum amitteret, amlcum quendam Delphos misit, qui oraculum consuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrime Delphos se contulit etquam ob causam venisset demonstravit. Respondit oraculum nullum esse in prae- sentia perlculum : monuit tamen Peliam ut, si quis veniret calceum unum gerens, eum caveret. Post paucos annos accidit ut Pelias magnum sacrificium facturus esset : nuntios in omnes partes dlmiserat et certum diem con- veniendl dixerat. Die constituto magnus numerus homi- num undique ex agris convenit : inter alios autem venit etiam lason qui a puero apud Centaurum quendam vixe- rat. Dum tamen iter facit, calceum alterum in transeundo nescio quo flumine amlsit. . ^r\_ \»\ . i\ » 116. The Golden Fleece. lason igitur, cum calceum amissum nullo modo recipere posset, altero pede nudo in regiam pervenit : quern cum THE ARGONAUTS. 99 vidisset, Pelias subito timore adfectus est ; intellexit enim hunc esse hominem quern oraculum demonstravisset. •• Hoc igitur iniit consilium. Rex erat quidam nomine Aeetes, qul regnum Colchidis illo tempore obtinebat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixus olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias lasoni nego- tium dare ut hoc vellere potiretur : cum enim res esset magni perlcull, sperabat eum in itinere periturum esse : lasonem igitur ad se arcesslvit et quid fieri vellet demon- stravit. lason autem, etsl bene intellegebat rem esse difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit. 117. The Building of the Good Ship Argo. Cum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco abesset, noluit lason solus proficiscl : dlmisit igitur nun- tios in omnes partes, qul causam itineris docerent et diem certum conveniendl dicerent. Interea, postquam omnia quae sunt usui ad armandas naves comportarl iussit, negotium dedit Argo culdam, qul summam scientiam rerum nauticarum habebat, ut navem aedificaret. In his rebus circiter decem dies consumptl sunt : Argus enim qul operi praeerat tantam dlligentiam praebebat, ut ne nocturnum quidem tempus ad laborem intermitteret. Ad multitudinem hominum transportandam navis paulo erat latior quam quibus in nostro marl uti consuevimus et ad vim tempestatum perferendam tota e robore facta est. 118. The Anchor is Weighed. Interea is dies appetebat quern lason per nuntios edixerat et ex omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos aut rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat, undique conve- 100 THE ARGONAUTS. niebant. Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Herculem, Orpheum, citharoedum praeclarissimum, Theseum, Cas- torem et multos alios, quorum nomina notissima sunt. Ex his lason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia subeunda pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum qulnquaginta delegit et socios sibi adiunxit : turn paucos dies commo- ratus, ut ad omnes casus subsidia compararet, navem deduxit et tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus magno cum plausu omnium solvit. 119. A Fatal Mistake. Haud multum post Argonautae, ita enim appellati sunt qui in ista navl vehebantur, Insulam quandam nomine Cyzicum attigerunt et e navi egressl a rege illius regionis hospitio exceptl sunt. Paucas horas ibi commoratl ad solis occasum rursus solverunt : at, postquam pauca millia passuum progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut cursum tenere non possent et in eandem partem insulae, unde nuper profecti erant, magno cum periculo deicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset ob- scura, Argon autas non agnoscebant et navem inimicam venisse arbitratl, arma rapuerunt et eos egredi prohibe- bant. Acriter in lltore pugnatum est et rex ipse, qui cum aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus est. Mox tamen, cum iam dilucesceret, senserunt incolae se errare et arma abiecerunt : Argonautae autem, cum viderent regem occisum esse, magnum dolorem perceperunt. 120. The Loss of Hylas. Postridie eius diel lason, tempestatem satis idoneam esse arbitratus, summa enim tranquillitas iam consecuta THE ARGONAUTS. 101 erat, ancoras sustulit et pauca millia passuum progressus, ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in ancoris exspectavit ; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae copiam quam secum haberent iam deficere : quam ob causam quidam ex Argonautis in terram egress! aquam quaere- bant. Horum in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma praestantissima ; qui, dum fontem quaerit, a comitibus paulum secesserat. Nymphae autem, quae fontem cole- bant, cum iuvenem vidissent, el persuadere conatae sunt ut secum maneret ; et cum ille negaret se hoc facturum esse, puerum vl abstulerunt. Comites eius, postquam Hylam amissum esse sense- runt, magno dolore adfecti, diu frustra quaerebant : Her- cules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri longius secuti erant,"ubi tandem ad litus redierunt, lasonem sol- visse cognoverunt. 121. Dining Made Difficult. Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt et postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum navem appulerant, in terram egressi sunt. Ibi cum ab incolis quaesTssent quis regnum eius regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt Phineum quendam turn regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam hunc caecum esse et diro quodam supplicio adfici, quod olim se crudelissimum in filios suos praebuisset. Cuius supplici hoc erat genus. Missa erant a love monstra quaedam, specie horribili, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum habebant. Hae volucres, quae Harpyiae appellabantur, Phineo summam molestiam adferebant ; quotiens enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum apposi- tum statim auferebant. Quae cum ita essent, haud multum afuit quin Phineus fame moreretur. 102 THE ARGONAUTS. 122. The Harpies Beaten. Res igitur in hoc loco erant, cum Argonautae navem appulerunt. Phmeus autem, simul atque audlvit eos in suos fines egresses esse, magnopere gavlsus est. Sciebat enim quantam opinionem virtutis Argonautae haberent nee dubitabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. Nuntium igitur ad navem misit, qui lasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret. E6 cum venissent, Phineus demonstravit quanto in periculo suae res essent et promisit se magna praemia daturum esse, si ill! remedium reperissent. Argonautae negotium libenter susceperunt et ubi hora venit, cum rege accubue- runt ; at simul ac cena apposita est, Harpyiae cenaculum intraverunt et cibum auferre conabantur. Argonautae primum gladiis volucres petierunt ; cum tamen viderent hoc nihil prodesse, Zetes et Calais, qui alls instructl sunt, in aera se sublevaverunt, ut desuper impetum facerent. Quod cum sensissent Harpyiae, rei novitate perterritae, statim aufugerunt neque postea umquam redierunt. 123. The Symplegades. Hoc facto, Phmeus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas gratias referret, lasoni demonstravit qua ratione Symple- gades vitare posset. Symplegades autem duae erant rupes ingenti magnitudine, quae a love positae erant eo consilio, ne quis ad Colchida pervenlret. Hae parvo intervallo in marl natabant et, si quid in medium spatium venerat, incredibill celeritate concurrebant. Postquam igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset, lason sublatis ancoris navem solvit et leni vento provectus mox ad Symplegades appropmquavit : turn in prora stans columbam quam in manu tenebat emisit. Ilia recta via THE ARGONAUTS. 103 per medium spatium volavit et priusquam rupes confllxe- runt incolumis evasit, cauda tantum amissa. Turn rupes utrimque discesserunt ; antequam tamen rursus concur- rerent, Argonautae bene intellegentes omnem spem salutis in celeritate positam esse summa vl remls contenderunt et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto, dis gratias libenter egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto periculo erepti essent : bene enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum rem ita feliciter evenisse. 124. A Heavy Task. BrevI intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim venerunt, quod in finibus Colchorum erat. Ibi cum navem appulissent et in terram egress! essent, statim ad regem Aeetem se contulerunt et ab eo postulaverunt ut vellus aureum sibi traderetur. Ille cum audivisset quam ob causam Argonautae venissent, Ira commotus est et diu negabat se vellus traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, quod sciebat lasonem non sine auxilio deorum hoc negotium suscepisse, mutata sententia promlsit se vellus traditurum, si lason labores duos difficillimos prius perfecisset ; et cum lason dixisset se ad omnia pencula subeunda paratum esse, quid fieri vellet, ostendit. Prlmum iungendi erant duo tauri specie horribili, qul flammas ex ore edebant ; turn, his iunctis, ager quldam arandus erat et dentes draconis serendi. His audltis, lason, etsl rem esse summl perlcull intellegebat, tamen, ne hanc occasionem rei bene gerendae amitteret, negotium suscepit. 125. The Magic Ointment. At Medea, regis filia, lasonem adamavit et ubi audivit eum tantum periculum subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat. 104 THE ARGONAUTS. Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse eo ipso consilio, ut lason moreretur. Quae cum ita essent, Medea, quae summam scientiam medicmae habe- bat, hoc consilium iniit. Media nocte clam patre ex urbe evasit ; et postquam in montes f initimos venit, herbas quasdam carpsit ; turn suco expresso unguentum paravit quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque conflrmaret. Hoc facto lasoni unguentum dedit : praecepit autem, ut eo die, quo istl labores conficiendl essent, corpus .suum et arma mane oblineret. lason, etsi paene omnes magnitu- dine et viribus corporis antecellebat, vita enim omnis in venationibus atque in studils rei militaris constiterat, censebat tamen hoc consilium non neglegendum esse. 126. Sowing the Dragon's Teeth. Ubi is dies venit quern rex ad arandum agrum edixerat, lason orta luce cum sociis ad locum constitutum se con- tulit. Ibi stabulum ingens repperit in quo taurl inclusi erant : turn portis apertls tauros in lucem traxit et summa cum difficultate iugum imposuit. At Aeetes, cum videret tauros nihil contra lasonem valere, magnopere miratus est ; nesciebat enim f Iliam suam auxilium el dedisse. Turn lason omnibus aspicientibus agrum arare coepit ; qua in re tantam diligentiam praebuit, ut ante meridiem totum opus confecerit. Hoc facto, ad locum ubi rex sedebat adiit et dentes draconis postulavit : quos ubi accepit, in agrum quern araverat magna cum diligentia sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura erat talis ut, in eo loco ubi insitl essent, viri armati miro quodam rnodo gignerentur. THE ARGONAUTS. 105 127. A Strange Crop. Nondum tamen lason totum opus confecerat : impera- verat enim el Aeetes ut armatos viros qui e dentibus glgnerentur solus interficeret. Postquam igitur omnes dentes in agrum sparsit, lason lassitudine exanimatus quietl se tradidit, dum virl isti glgnerentur. Paucas horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum tamen e somno subito excitatus rem ita evenisse, ut praedictum erat, cognovit : nam in omnibus agri partibus virl ingentl magnitudine corporis, gladiis galeisque armati, mlrum in modum e terra oriebantur. Hoc cognito lason consilium quod dederat Medea non omittendum esse putabat; saxum igitur ingens, ita enim praeceperat Medea, in medios viros coniecit. Illi undique ad locum concurrerunt et cum quisque sibi id saxum, nescio cur, habere vellet, magna controver§ia orta est. Mox strictis gladiis inter se pug- nare coeperunt et cum hoc modo plurimi occisi essent, reliqul volneribus confectl a lasone nullo negotio inter- fecti sunt. 128. Flight of Medea. At rex Aeetes, ubi cognovit lasonem laborem proposi- tum confecisse, Ira graviter commotus est : intellegebat enim id per dolum factum esse nee dubitabat quin Medea auxilium el tulisset. Medea autem, cum intellegeret se in magno fore periculo, si in regia mansisset, fuga salutem petere constituit. Omnibus igitur ad fugam paratls media nocte msciente patre cum fratre Absyrto evasit et quam celerrime ad locum ubi Argo subducta erat se contulit. E6 cum venisset, ad pedes lasonis se proiecit et multis cum lacrimis obsecravit eum, ne in tanto discrimine 106 . THE ARGONAUTS. mulierem desereret, quae el tantum profuisset. Ille, quod memoria tenebat se per eius auxilium e magno periculo evasisse, libenter earn excepit et postquam causam veniendi audivit, hortatus est ne patris Iram timeret. Pro- misit autem se quam primum earn in nave sua avecturum. 129. The Seizure of the Fleece. Postrldie eius diel lason cum socils suis orta luce navem deduxit et tempestatem idoneam nactl ad eum locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus cela- tum esse demonstravit. Eo cum venissent, lason in terram egressus est et socils ad mare relictis qui praesidio navi essent, ipse cum Medea in silvas viam cepit. Pauca millia passuum per silvam progressus vellus quod quaere- bat ex arbore suspensum vldit. Id tamen auferre res erat summae difficultatis : non modo enim locus ipse egregie et natura et arte munitus erat, sed etiam draco quidam specie terribill arborem custodiebat. At Medea? quae, ut supra, demonstravimus, medicmae summam scientiam habuit, ramum quern ex arbore proxima deri- puerat veneno infecit. Hoc facto ad locum appropm- quavit et draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum exspectabat, veneno sparsit : proinde, dum draco somno oppressus dormit, lason vellus aureum ex arbore deripuit et cum Medea quam celerrime pedem rettulit. 130. Back to the Argo. Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare rellctl erant, animo anxio reditum lasonis exspectabant : bene enim intellegebant id negotium summl esse periculi. Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverant, THE ARGONAUTS, 107 de eius salute desperare coeperunt nee dubitabant quin aliqui casus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, maturan- dum sibi censuerunt, ut auxilium duel ferrent : et dum proficlscl parant lumen quoddam subito conspiciunt mlrum in modum inter silvas refulgens : et magnopere mlratl quae causa esset eius rel ad locum concurrunt. Quo cum venissent, lasonl et Medeae advenientibus occurrerunt et vellus aureum luminis eius causam esse cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum gaudio ducem suum exceperunt et dis gratias libenter rettulerunt quod res ita feliciter evenisset. 131. Pursued by the Angry Father. His rebus gestis, omnes sine mora navem rursus con- scenderunt et sublatis ancorls prlma vigilia solverunt : neque enim satis tutum esse arbitrati sunt in eo loco manere. At rex Aeetes, qui iam ante inimico in eos fuerat animo, ubi cognovit filiam suam non modo ad Argonautas se recepisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore gravius exarsit. Navem longam quam celerrime deduci iussit et militibus impo- sitis fugientes insecutus est. Argonautae, qui bene sciebant rem in discrimine esse, summis vlribus remis contendebant : cum tamen navis qua vehebantur ingenti esset magnitudine, non eadem celeritate qua Colchi progredl poterant. Quae cum ita essent, minimum afuit qum a Colchis sequentibus caperentur neque enim lon- gius intererat quam quo telum adicl posset. At Medea, cum vldisset quo in loco res essent, paene omnl spe deposita, Infandum hoc consilium cepit. 108 THE ARGONAUTS. 132. A Fearful Expedient. Erat in nave Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aeetae, nomine Absyrtus, quern, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea ex urbe fugiens secum abduxerat. Hunc puerum Medea constituit interficere eo consilio ut, membris eius in mare coniectls, cursum Colchorum impedlret : pro certo enim sciebat Aeetem, cum membra fill vidisset, non longius prosecuturum esse : neque opinio earn fefellit : omnia enim ita evenerunt ut Medea speraverat. Aeetes, ubi primum membra vidit, ad ea colligenda navem statui iussit : dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae non inter- misso remigandi labore, mox, quod necesse fuit, e con- spectu hostium remotl sunt neque prius fugere destiterunt quam ad flumen Eridanum pervenerunt. At Aeetes nihil sibi profuturum esse arbitratus, si longius progressus esset, animo demlsso domum revertit, ut fill corpus ad sepulturam daret. 133. The Bargain with Pelias. Tandem post multa pericula lason in eundem locum pervenit unde olim profectus erat. Turn e navi egressus ad regem Peliam qui regnum adhuc obtinebat statim se contulit et vellere aureo monstrato ab eo postulavit, ut regnum sibi traderetur : Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si lason vellus rettulisset, se regnum el traditurum. Post- quam lason quid fieri vellet ostendit, Pelias primum nihil respondit, sed diu in eadem tristitia tacitus permansit : tandem ita locutus est. " Vides me aetate iam esse con- fectum neaue dubium est quin dies supremus mihi adsit. THE ARGONAUTS. 109 Liceat igitur mihi dum vivam hoc regnum obtinere ; turn, postquam ego e vita discessero, tu in meum locum venies." Hac oratione adductus lason respondit se id facturum quod ille rogasset. 134. Boiled Mutton. His rebus cognitis, Medea rem aegre tulit et regnl cupiditate adducta constituit mortem regi per dolum Inferre. Hoc constitute, ad filias regis venit atque ita locuta est. "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate iam esse confectum neque ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis valere. Voltisne eum rursus iuvenem fieri ?" Turn filiae regis his audltis ita responderunt. " Num hoc fieri potest? Quis enim unquam e sene iuvenis factus est? " At Medea respondit, " Scitis me medicmae summam habere scientiam. Nunc igitur vobls demonstrabo quo- modo haec res fieri possit." His dictis, cum arietem aetate iam confectum interfecisset, membra eius in vas aeneum posuit et igne supposito aquae herbas quasdam Infudit. Turn, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum cantabat. Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et viribus refectls per agros currebat. 135. A Dangerous Experiment. Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, Medea ita locuta est. "Videtis quantum valeat medi- cina. Vos igitur, si voltis patrem vestrum in adulescen- tiam reducere, id quod feel ipsae facietis. . Vos patris membra in vas conicite ; ego herbas magicas praebebo." His audltis, filiae regis consilium quod dederat Medea non omittendum putaverunt : patrem igitur Peliam neca- 110 ARGONAUTS. verunt et membra eius in vas aeneum coniecerunt ; nihil enim dubitabant qurn hoc maxime el profuturum esset. At res omnmo aliter evenit ac speraverant : Medea enim non easdem herbas dedit quibus ipsa usa erat. Itaque, postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum re vera mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus gestis, Medea sperabat se cum coniuge suo regnum accepturam esse : at elves, cum intellegerent quo modo Pelias periisset, tantum scelus aegre tulerunt : itaque lasone et Medea e regno expulsis, Acastum regem creaverunt. 136. A Fatal Gift. Post haec lason et Medea e Thessalia expulsi ad urbem Corinthum venerunt, cuius urbis Creon quidam regnum turn obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti fllia una, nomine Glauce ; quam cum vidisset, lason constituit Medeam uxorem suam repudiare eo consilio ut Glaucen in matri- monium duceret. At Medea, ubi intellexit quae ille in animo haberet, Ira graviter commota, iureiurando con- firmavit se tantam iniuriam ulturam. Hoc igitur consilium cepit. Vestem paravit summa arte contextam et varils coloribus tinctam : hanc diro quodam Infecit veneno, cuius vis talis erat, ut, si quis earn vestem induisset, corpus eius quasi igm ureretur. Hoc facto, vestem ad Glaucen mlsit : ilia autem nihil mall suspicans donum libenter accepit et vestem novam, more feminarum, statim induit. 137. Flight of Medea and Death of Jason. Vix vestem induerat Glauce, cum dolorem gravem per omnia membra sensit et post paulufn diro cruciatu adfecta e vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea furore atque ULYSSES. Ill amentia impulsa filios suds necavit : turn magnum sibi fore periculum arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret, ex ea regione fugere constituit. Hoc constitute, Solem oravit ut in tanto periculo auxilium sibi praeberet. Sol autem his precibus commotus currum quendam misit, cul dra- cones alls instruct! iuncti erant. Medea non omittendam tantam occasionem arbitrata currum conscendit itaque per aera vecta incolumis ad urbem Athenas pervenit. lason autem post breve tempus miro modo occisus est. Ille enim, slve casu sive consilio deorum, sub umbra navis suae, quae in lltus subducta erat, olim dormiebat. At navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in earn partem ubi lason iacebat subito delapsa virum Infelicem oppressit. ULYSSES. Ulysses, a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part in the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out with his followers on his homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he was king ; but, being driven out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at the country of the Lotus Eaters, who are supposed to have lived on the north coast of Libya (Africa). Some of his comrades were so delighted with the lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses compelled them to embark again, and continued his voyage. He next came to the island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, one of the Cyclopes. After several of his comrades had been killed by the monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem, and next reached the country of the Winds. Here he received the help 112 ULYSSES. of ^Eolus, king of the winds, and, having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca ; but, owing to the folly of his compan- ions, the winds became suddenly adverse, and they were again driven back. They then touched at an island occupied by Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on the companions of Ulysses, and turned them into swine. By the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses himself not only escaped this fate, but forced Circe to restore her victims to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, Ulysses again set out, and eventually reached his home. 138. Homeward Bound. Urbem Troiam a Graecis decem annos obsessam esse, satis constat : de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scrlpsit. Troia tandem per Insidias capta, Graeci longo bello fessi domum redire maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profec- tionem paratls naves deduxerunt et tempestatem idoneam nactl magno cum gaudio solverunt. Erat inter primes Graecorum Ulixes quidam, vir summae virtutis ac pru- dentiae, quern dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse, per quern Troiam captam esse constat. Hie regnum Insulae Ithacae obtinuerat et paulo antequam cum reliquls Graecis ad bellum profectus est puellam for- mosissimam nomine Penelopen in matrimonium duxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem annos quasi in exsilio con- sumpsisset, magna cupidine patriae et uxoris videndae ardebat. ULYSSES. Ill 139. The Lotus Eaters. Postquam tamen pauca millia passuum a litore Troiae progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes disicerentur. Navis autem, qua ipse Ulixes vehebatur, vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus Libyae appulsa est. Ancoris iactls, Ulixes constituit nonnullos e sociis in terram exponere, qui aquam ad navem referrent et qualis esset natura eius regionis cog- noscerent. Hi igitur e navi egress! imperata facere parabant. Dum tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolls obviam fact! ab iis hospitio accept! sunt. Accidit autem ut vlctus eorum hominum e mlro quodam fructu quern lotum appellabant paene omnino constaret. Quern cum Graec! gustassent, patriae et sociorum statim obllt! se conflrmaverunt semper in ea terra mansuros ut dulc! illo cibo in aeternum vescerentur. • 140. The Lotus Eaters — continued. At Ulixes, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspec- tasset, veritus ne socii su! in perlculo versarentur, nonnullos e reliquls misit, ut, quae causa esset morae, cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi, ad vicum qui non longe afuit se contulerunt : quo cum venissent, socios suos quasi vino ebrios reppererunt :, turn ubi causam veniendi docuerunt, iis persuadere conabantur, ut secum ad navem redlrent. IllI tamen resistere ac manu se de- fendere coeperunt, saepe clamitantes se nunquam ex eo loco abituros. Quae cum ita essent, nuntii re Infecta ad Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitls, Ulixes ipse cum 114 UL YSSES. omnibus qui in navl relict! sunt ad locum venit ; et socios suos frustra hortatus ut sponte sua redirent, manibus eorum post terga vinctls, invitos ad navem reportavit. Turn ancorls sublatis quam celerrime e portu solvit. 141. The One-Eyed Giant. Postridie eius die! postquam totam noctem remls con- tenderant, ad terram Ignotam navem appulerunt : turn, quod naturam eius regionis Ignorabat, ipse Ulixes cum duodecim e socils in terram egressus locum explorare constituit. Paulum a lltore progress! ad antrum ingens pervenerunt, quod habitari senserunt : eius enim intro- itum arte et manibus munitum esse animadverterunt. Mox, etsi intellegebant se non sine periculo id facturos, antrum intraverunt : quod cum fecissent, magnam copiam lactis invenerunt in vasis ingentibus conditam. Dum tamen mlrantur quis earn sedem incoleret, sonitum terri- bilenv audiverunt et oculis ad portam versis monstrum horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie et figura, sed ingentl magnitudine corporis. Cum autem animadver- tissent gigantem unum tantum oculum habere in media fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclopi- bus, de quibus famam iam acceperant. 142. The Giant's Supper. Cyclopes autem pastores erant quidam, qui Insulam Siciliam et praecipue montem Aetnam incolebant : ibi enim Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, cuius servi Cyclopes erant, officinam suam habebat. Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore paene exanimati in interiorem partem speluricae refuge- UL YSSES. 115 runt et se ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem, ita enim gigas appellatus est, pecora sua in speluncam egit ; turn cum saxo ingenti portam obstruxisset, Ignem in medio antro accendit. Hoc facto, oculo omnia perlustra- bat et cum sensisset homines in interiore parte antri celari, magna voce exclamavit. "Qui estis homines? Mercatores an latrones ? " Turn Ulixes respondit se neque mercatores esse neque praedandl causa venisse : sed e Troia redeuntes vl tempestatum a recto cursu deV pulsos esse : oravit etiam ut sibi sine iniuria abire liceret. Turn Polyphemus quaesivit ubi esset navis qua vecti essent ; Ulixes autem, cum bene intellegeret sibi maxime praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rupes coniectam et omnino perfractam esse. Polyphemus autem nullo dato response duo e sociis manu corripuit et mem- brls eorum divolsis carnem devorare coepit. 143. No Way of Escape. Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror occupavit, ut ne vocem quidem edere possent sed omnl spe salutis deposits, mortem praesentem exspectarent. At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tarn horribili cena depulsa est, hum! prostratus somno se dedit. Quod cum vidisset Ulixes, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae non omittendam arbitrates, in eo erat ut pectus monstrl gladio transfigeret. Cum tamen nihil temere agendum existimaret, constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret, qua ratione ex antro evadere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset, quo introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi profuturum intellexit, si Polyphemum interfecisset. Tanta enim erat eius saxi magnitudo, ut ne a decem 116 ULYSSES. quidem hominibus amoveri posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixes hoc destitit conatu et ad socios rediit ; qui, cum intellexissent quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis oblata, de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. Ille tamen, ne animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est : demon- stravit se iam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse, neque dubium esse qum in tanto discrlmine dil auxilium adlaturl essent. 144. A Plan for Vengeance. Orta luce, Polyphemus iam e somno excitatus idem quod hesterno die fecit; correptls enim duobus e reliquls viris, carnem eorum sine mora devoravit. Turn, cum saxum amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro pro- gressus est : quod cum viderent Graecl, magnam in spem venerunt se post paulum evasuros. Mox tamen ab hac spe repulsi sunt : nam Polyphemus, postquam omnes oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. ReliquI omni spe salutis deposita lamentis lacrimisque se dediderunt : Ulixes vero qul, ut supra demon stravimus,' vir magnl fuit consili, etsi bene intellegebat rem in discrlmine esse, nondum omnmo desperabat. Tandem postquam diu toto animo cogitavit, hoc cepit consilium. E lignis quae in antro reposita sunt, palum magnum delegit : hunc summa cum diligentia praeacutum fecit ; turn postquam sociis quid fieri vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphemi exspectabat. 145. A Glass Too Much. Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit et eodem modo quo antea cenavit. Turn Ulixes utrem vini promp- sit, quern forte, ut in talibus rebus accidere consuevit, secum attulerat, et postquam magnam crateram vino ULYSSES. 117 replevit, gigantem ad bibendum provocavit. Polyphemus, qui nunquam antea vmum gustaverat, totam crateram statim hausit ; quod cum fecisset, tantam voluptatem per- cepit ut iterum et tertium crateram replerl iusserit. Turn cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes appellaretur, ille respondit se Neminem appellari : quod cum audivisset, Polyphemus ita locutus est, " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto beneficio referam ; te ultimum omnium devorabo." His dictls, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit et post breve tern- pus somno oppressus est. Turn Ulixes sociis convocatls, " Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus facultatem : ne igitur tantam occasionem rel bene gerendae omittamus." 146. Nobody. Hac oratione habita, postquam extremum palum igne calefecit, oculum PolyphemI dum dormit flagrante llgno transfodit : quo facto, omnes in dlversas speluncae partes se abdiderunt. At ille subito illo dolore, quod necesse fuit, e somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit et dum per speluncam errat, Ulixl manum inicere conabatur : cum tamen iam omnino caecus esset, nullo modo hoc efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes clamore audlto undique ad speluncam convenerunt et ad introitum ad- stantes, quid Polyphemus ageret quaesiverunt, et quam ob causam tantum clamorem sustulisset. Ille respondit se graviter volneratum esse et magno dolore adfici : cum tamen ceteri quaesivissent quis el vim intulisset, respondit ille Neminem id fecisse : quibus audltis, unus e Cyclopibus, "At si nemo," inquit, "te volneravit, haud dubium est quin consilio deorum, quibus resistere nee possumus nee volumus, hoc supplicio adficiaris." His dictis abierunt Cyclopes eum in Insaniam incidisse arbitrate 118 VLYSSES, 147. Escape. At Polyphemus, ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore atque amentia impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit : tandem cum portam invenisset, saxum quo obstructa erat amovit, ut pecus ad agros exiret. Turn ipse in introitu sedit et ut quaeque ovis ad locum venerat, tergum eius manibus tractabat, ne viri inter oves exire possent. Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixes, hoc iniit consilium; bene enim intellexit omnem spem salutis in dolo magis quam in virtute pom. Primum tres quas vldit pinguissimas ex ovibus delegit : quibus inter se viminibus conexls, unum sociorum ventribus earum ita subiecit, ut omnlno lateret : deinde oves hominem secum ferentes ad portam egit. Id accidit quod fore suspicatus erat. Polyphemus enim, postquam manus tergls earum imposuit, oves prae- terire passus est. Ulixes, ubi rem ita fellciter evenisse vldit, omnes suos socios ex ordine eodem modo emisit ; quo facto, ipse ultimus evasit. 148. Out of Danger. His rebus ita confectls, Ulixes cum sociis maxime veritus ne Polyphemus fraudem sentlret, quam celerrime ad lltus contendit : quo cum venissent, ab ils qui navi praesidio relictl erant, magna cum laetitia accept! sunt. Hi enim, cum animis anxiis iam tres dies reditum eorum in horas exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse, id quod erat, suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi para- bant. Turn Ulixes non satis tutum esse arbitratus si in eo Ioc5 maneret, quam celerrime proncisci constituit. lussit igitur omnes navem conscendere et ancoris sublatis ULYSSES. 119 paulum a litore in altum provectus est. Turn magna voce exclamavit, "Tu, Polypheme, qui iura hospiti spernis, iustam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae solvistl." Hac voce audita, Polyphemus Ira vehementer commotus ad mare se contulit et ubi intellexit navem paulum a litore remotam esse, saxum ingens manu cor- reptum in earn partem coniecit, unde vocem venire sensit. Graeci autem, etsl minimum afuit quln submergerentur, nullo accepto damno cursum tenuerunt. 149. The Country of the Winds. Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus Ulixes ad Insulam quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit. Haec patria erat Ventorum. " Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat." Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio accepit atque ils persuasit ut ad recuperandas vires paucos dies in ea regione commorarentur. Septimo die cum socil e laboribus se recepissent, Ulixes, ne annl tempore a navigatione exclu- deretur, sibi sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse patriae videndae, Ulixl iam prefecture magnum dedit saccum e corio confectum, in quo ventos omnes praeter unum inclu- serat. Zephyrum tantum praetermiserat, quod ilium ventum ad Ithacam navigando idoneum esse sciebat. Ulixes hoc donum libenter accepit et gratils pro tanto beneficio relatls, saccum ad malum ligavit. Turn omnibus ad profectionem paratls merldiano fere tempore e portu solvit. 120 ULYSSES. 150. The Wind-Bag. Novem dies vento secundissimo cursum tenuerunt : iamque in conspectum patriae suae venerant, cum Ulixes lassitudine confectus, ipse enim manu sua gubernabat, ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socil, qui iamdudum mirabantur quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, cum viderent ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem non omittendam arbitratl sunt : credebant enim aurum et argentum ibi celari. Itaque spe lucri adducti saccum sine mora solverunt : quo facto, venti "Velut agmine facto Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant." Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illl cursum tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem unde erant profectl referrentur. Ulixes e somno excitatus quo in loco res esset statim intellexit : saccum solutum Ithacam post tergum relictam vidit : turn vero maxima indignatione exarsit sociosque obiurgabat, quod cupiditate pecuniae adducti spem patriae videndae proiecissent. 151. Drawing Lots. Brevi intermlsso spatio, Graecl insulae culdam appro- plnquaverunt quam Circe, filia Solis, incolebat. Ibi cum navem appulisset, Ulixes in terram frumentandi causa egrediendum esse statuit ; cognoverat enim frumentum quod in navl haberent iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet, ostendrL Cum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent quam crudeli morte occubuissent ii qui nuper in patriam Cyclo- pum egressi essent, nemo repertus est qui h5c negotium UL YSSES. 121 suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, res ad controver- siam deducta est. Tandem Ulixes consensu omnium socios in duas partes divisit, quarum alterl Eurylochus, vir summae virtutis, alterl ipse praeesset : turn hi duo inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur. Hoc facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit, ut cum duobus et viginti socils rem susciperet. 152. The House of the Enchantress. His rebus ita constitutis, ii qui sorte ducti erant in interiorem partem Insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen timor animos eorum occupaverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin morti obviam irent : vix quidem poterant ii qui in navi relicti erant lacrimas tenere : credebant enim se socios suos nunquam iterum visuros. Illi autem aliquantum itineris progressi ad villam quandam pervenerunt, sum ma magnificentia aedificatam : cuius ad ostium cum adiissent, carmen dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit eius vocis dulcedo, ut nullo modo retineri possent quin ianuam pulsarent. Hoc facto, ipsa Circe foras exiit et summa cum benignitate omnes in hospitium invitavit. Eurylochus insidias comparari suspicatus foris exspectare constituit : at reliqui rei novitate adducti intraverunt. Convivium magnificum invenerunt omnibus rebus instruction ; et iussii dominae libentissime accubuerunt. At Circe vinum quod servi apposuerunt medicamento quodam miscuerat : quod cum illi bibissent, gravi sopore subito oppressi sunt. 153. Men Changed to Pigs. Turn Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habebat, baculo aureo quod gerebat capita eorum tetigit : 122 UL YSSES. quo facto, omnes in porcos subito conversi sunt. Interea Eurylochus Ignarus quid in aedibus ageretur ad ostium sedebat ; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo et sollicito exspectaverat, solus ad navem regredi consti- tuit. Eo cum venisset, anxietate ac timore ita perturbatus fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix lucide narrare posset. At Ulixes satis intellexit socios suos in periculo versari, et gladio correpto Eurylocho imperavit, ut sine mora viam ad istam domum monstraret. Ille tamen multls cum lacrimls Ulixem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne in tantum perlculum se committeret : Si quid gravius el accidisset, omnium salutem in summo discrimine futuram. Ulixes autem respondit se neminem invitum secum adducturum : el licere, si mallet, in navi manere : se ipsum sine ullo auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc cum magna voce dlxisset, e navi desiluit et nullo sequente solus in viam se dedit. 154. The Counter Charm. Aliquantum itineris progressus ad villam magnificam pervenit, quam cum oculis perlustrasset, statim intrare statuit: intellexit enim hanc esse eandem de qua Eury- lochus mentionem fecisset. At cum in eo esset ut limen transiret, subito obviam el stetit adulescens forma pul- cherrima, aureum baculum manu gerens. Hie Ulixem iam domum intrantem manu corripuit et, " Quo ruis ? " inquit, " Nonne scis hanc esse Circes domum ? Hie inclusi sunt amicl tui, ex humana specie in porcos con- versi. Num vis ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? " Ulixes simul ac vocem audlvit deum Mercurium agnovit : nullls tamen precibus ab Institute consilio deterreri potuit; quod cum Mercurius sensisset, herbam quandam el dedit, ULYSSES. 123 quam contra carmina maxime valere dlcebat. " Hanc cape," inquit, " et ubi Circe te baculo tetigerit, tu, stricto gladio, impetum in earn vide ut facias." His dictis Mercurius " Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit, Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram." 155. The Enchantress Foiled. Brevi intermlsso spatio, Ulixes ad omnia perlcula sub- eunda paratus ostium pulsavit et foribus patefactis ab ipsa Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia eodem modo atque antea facta sunt. Cenam magnifice Instructam vidit et accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo depulsa est, Circe poculum aureum vino repletum Ulixi dedit. Ille, etsi suspicatus est venenum sibi paratum esse, poculum exhausit: quo facto, Circe, postquam caput eius baculo tetigit, ea verba locuta est quibus socios eius antea in porcos converterat. Res tamen omnmo aliter evenit atque ilia speraverat. Tanta enim vis erat eius herbae quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque venenum neque verba quidquam efficere possent. Ulixes autem, sicut iusserat Mercurius, gladio stricto impetum in earn fecit et mortem minitabatur. Turn Circe, cum sensisset artem suam nihil valere, multls cum lacrimis eum obsecrare coepit, ne vltam adimeret. 156. Pigs Changed to Men. Ulixes autem ubi sensit earn timore perterritam esse, postulavit ut socios sine mora in humanam speciem redu- ceret, certior enim factus erat a deo Mercurio eos in porcos converses esse : nisi id factum esset, ostendit se 124 UL YSSES. debitas poenas sumpturum. At Circe his rebus graviter commota ad pedes ems se proiecit et multis cum lacrimis iureiurando confirmavit se, quae ille imperasset, omnia facturam : turn porcos in atrium immittl iussit. 111! dato signo inruerunt et cum ducem suum agnovissent, magno dolore adfecti sunt, quod nullo modo potuerunt eum de rebus suis certiorem facere. Circe tamen unguento quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto, omnes post breve tempus in speciem humanarri redditi sunt. Magno cum gaudio Ulixes amicos agnovit et nuntium ad litus mlsit, qui reliquls Graecls socios receptos esse diceret. 111! autem his rebus cognitis statim ad domum Circaeam se contulerunt ; quo cum venissent, omnes universl laetitiae se dediderunt. 157. Afloat Again. Postridie eius die! Ulixes in animo habebat ex Insula quam celerrime discedere : Circe tamen, cum haec cog- novisset, ex odio ad amorem conversa omnibus precibus eum orare et obtestarl coepit, ut paucos dies apud se moraretur: et hoc tandem impetrato tanta beneficia in eum contulit ut facile el persuasum sit ut diutius maneret. Postquam tamen totum annum apud Circen consump- serat, Ulixes magno desiderio patriae suae videndae motus est. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quid in animo haberet ostendit. Ubi tamen ad litus descendit, navem suam tempestatibus ita adflictam invenit, ut ad navigandum paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia quae ad naves reficiendas usul sunt comparari iussit: qua in re tan tarn diligentiam omnes praebebant, ut ante tertium diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit omnia ad profectionem parata esse, rem aegre ferebat et Ulixem UL YSSES. 125 vehementer obsecrabat, ut eo consllio desisteret. Ille tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, matu- randum sibi existimavit et tempestatem idoneam nactus navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulixl subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam pervenlret: quae tamen in hoc loco longum est perscribere. NOTES. NOTES. . 1. 1. 5. tergum is the object and monstrum the subject of vol- nerabit. 2. 1. 4. aquae periculum: if the genitive is emphatic it comes before the noun on which it depends. Compare 1, 1. 5, miseri pueri tergum. 3. 1. 2. igitur : notice its position. 1. 3. bona : take with poma. 4. 1. 4. domino : to the master. 5. 1. i. parvum habebam thesaurum : notice the order, and com- pare 4, 1. 2, argentum celat multum. 1. 6. nee umquam : but never. 6. 1. 3. magnis: to be taken with fossis, as well as with tumulis, "with great dikes and mounds. 1. 4. claustra : object of deturbat. 7. 1. 6. umeris : upon their shoulders. 1. 7. Cimbri: point out other instances that have occurred of the subject placed after the verb. 1. 8. pueri factum : see note on 2, 1. 4. 8. 1. 5. et . . . et : both . . . and. 10. 1. 3. labore superbus: compare in 1. i, labore fessus, and in 2, 1. i, limo et aqua plena. Mark how the Latin often expresses by the ablative what we denote by of with a noun. 11. 1. 4. quidem : do not translate indeed, but, to be sure. Compare a similar use of quidem in 5, 1. 5. 12. 1. i. fSrte: it happened that. 14. 1. 10. hue illuc = huc et illuc. 15. 1. 5. veniam delicti : pardon for the offence. 1. 7. vincit : not from vinco, 130 NOTES. 16. 1. 2. rex exsul : the king while an exile. 1. 9. Ira plena : compare limo et aqua plena, 2, 1. i. 17. 1. 2. magna cum caterva : a common Latin order. 1. 5. umeris : from his shoulders. \. 7. recurrit : compare currit, 14, 1. 9, occurrit, 11, 1. 7. 1. 8. grata: agrees with regma understood, she gratefully. 21. 1. 7. equi regis habenas : the bridle-reins of the king's horse. 22. 11. 5 and 6. rrmtat . . . cum: exchanges . . .for. 1. 10. vix continet iram : hardly can he restrain his anger. 1. 1 1. invitus : unwillingly ; adjectives must frequently be trans- lated by adverbs. Cf. grata, 17, 1. 8. 23. 1. 2. multis cum lacrimis : see note on magna cum caterva, 17, 1. 2. 1. 6. inviti: see note on invitus, 22, 1. n. 1. 6. poenam : this word meant originally a fine for a misdeed ; hence to take a fine from one came to mean, to inflict punishment on one. 24. 1." 2. acubus : with needles. 25. 1. 4. prae timore = propter timorem. 26. 1. 4. vestigia fallebant : made their steps uncertain ; or, made an uncertain footing. 27. 1. 3. taciti: see note on invitus, 22, 1. n. 1. 9. defendit: cf. 1. 4, where it means keeps away from. 1. 9. demittit : how different in meaning from demittunt in 1. 2? 28. 1. 3. regis : depends on virtutem, 1. 7. custodem: as guard. \. 10. comitem : as companion. 31. 1. 2. dum . . . abest : while he was absent. The present tense is often used after dum, of an act that was going on, and hence must be rendered by a past tense. 1. 3. more suo : as his way was. What literally ? 1. ii. iacebat : was lying dead. 34. 1. 2. copiarum regis impetum: the attack of the king's forces. 1. 3. supererat : from supersum. 36. 1. 2. gravis corripuerat morbus : that is, gravis morbus cor- ripuerat. Find examples of a similar order in 1, 3, 4, 5. 1. 6. agris nummisque: in lands and money. NOTES. 131 37. 1. 2. agunt : a word of many meanings. Cf . 34, 1. 5, for a very different sense. 1.3. ex ... fidelissimi : i.e., fidelissimi ex meis servis. 1. 3. deliciarum causa : expect always to find causa, for the sake of, following its genitive. 6. animo . . . praecipiunt : anticipate. What literally ? 8. altero : than the other, comparative ablative with mol- lior. 10. abnuit: perfect tense. 38. 39. 40. 9. questus : accusative plural. 10. cursu : with fessi, and fame with languid!. 12. corpora: i.e., corpora liberorum. 2. nulla : mark its emphatic position ; it agrees with messis. 6. omnes ad unum : all to a man. 10. post : we should say within. i. in medio Rheno: in the middle of the Rhine, a common Latin idiom. 3. aqua : comparative ablative with tutius. 3. tutius : neuter comparative of tutus. 3. habet : the subject is princeps, understood. 1. 4. mille : indeclinable in the singular, has pedum dependent on it. 1. 9. hi ... ill! : these . . . those. 1. 1 3. poenam sumunt : see note on 23, 1. 6. 41. 1. 3. dum iacent : see note on dum . . . abest, 31, 1. 2. 1. 6. exit! : gen. of exitium. 42- 1. 3. ingrati : see note on 22, 1. 1 1 . 1. 5. priore pulchrius : for the construction compare note on altero, 37, 1. 8 ; also on aqua, 40, 1. 3. 1. 6. magna . . . caterva: a common order in Latin is adjective, genitive, noun with which the adjective agrees. How is it in English ? 1. 9. ipse : of its own accord, a common use of ipse. 43. 1. 2. unus ex adsentatoribus : you will find this a common con- struction in place of the partitive genitive, unus adsenta- torum. Find other examples in 37 and 10. 1. 5. iussu eius : by his order. 1. 7. in rupe stat propinqua : notice the order. 132 NOTES. 43. 1. ii. mandata regia = mandata regis. Find a similar con- struction in 16. 44. 1. 3- can! comiti : to his dog, his companion = his dog, who accom- panied hin. 1. 6. hdc = hocbaculo. 45. 1. 6. haec : she (the duck). 1. 7. fugiebat : sought to escape. 46. 1. 4. duxerat : domum, home, is understood. 1. 7. multae: note the gender of the adjective used as a noun. 47. 1. 9. Deianira : ablative after the comparative pulchriorem. Cf. altero, 37, 1. 8, and note. 48. 1. 7. somm : from somnium, not somnus. 1. n. trahebant: could pull. 1. n. hdc : comparative ablative. Cf. 37, 1. 8, note. 53. 1. 7. visum: from video. 1. 8. texerat : from tego. 54. 1. 1 2. militi : depends on dedit. 1. 15. meis: volneribus is understood. What ablative is this? 55. 1. 2. ovis : from ovum. - 1. ii. ei : to it. 56. 1. 5. sua aqua : from their water. 1. 5. depellebant t would drive away. 1. 7. vere : from ver. 1. 8. frusta : do not confound with frustra. 58. 1. 9. abditum : from abdo. 1. 10. rus : into the country. 59. 1. 9. diu parco aquae: I have long been saving the water. 63. 1. i. Apicio : depends on transportaverant. 1. 4. aliud : different. 1. 4. ilia : the former, feles. 1. 5. haec : the latter, simia. 1. 1 1 . more SUO : as its habit was. 64. 1. 8. Me : here. Cf . 40, 1. 3. 1. n. repete: resume. 1. 13. capitis damnabor: / shall be condemned to death. But what literally ? 66. 1. 9. tempestatis : from the storm. NOTES. 133 69. 1. 6. domi : at home. 1. 7. depellunt : have driven \. 9. laeti : render as if it were an adverb, joyfully. 1. 1 5. divini : sent by the gods. 70. 1. 9. coquit : observe the present tense and see 31, 1. 2, and note. 71. 1. 5. semel : once only. 1. ii. cena : imperative from ceno, not the noun. 72. 1. 4. pratum: subject of praebebat. 1. 5. ilia : ilia vacca. 1. 8. Me : here. Cf. 64, 1. 8. 1. 9. oneravit : translate the perfect after postquam, ubi, and ut, all meaning -when, as a pluperfect. 74. 1. 4. hunc : the order in English would be hunc asinum quern videtis. 1. 6. arcessivit : cf. note on 72, 1. 9. 1. 10. quod : because. 1. ii. es : imperative. 1. 12. aut, ego, etc. : one of us, either I, or the king, or the ass, •will be dead. 75. 1.5. in animo est : in animd miKi est, / intend. I. 9. dixit : see note on 72, 1. 9. 76. 1. 10. hie : the king. 78. 1. n. qu5 : translate of which. 79. 1. i. maxim! : highly; literally, at a very great (price). II. 7 and 8 : quid . . . amoris : any love. 1. 13. minimi : see note on line i. 80. 1. 7. inter se : with each other. 81. 11. 4 and 5. in maximum . . . adductus est : his life was exposed to the greatest peril. But what literally ? 6. regi : depends on attulit. 7. confecto : with regi. 82. 83. i. laetus : see 22, 1. ii, and note. 1 1 . alter : one or the other. 1 1 . soli '. we alone. i. idem: at the same time. But what literally? An absurd antithesis ; as if a poor man were not as likely as a rich man, to be acri ingenio praeditus. 1. 7. qui ubi : when he. — cognovit : see note on 72, 1. 9. 134 NOTES. 83. 1. 10. lavantis : gen. of the present participle, of one washing. 84. 1. 6. cado = in cado. I. 14. humi: cf. domi, 69, 1. 6. II. 14 and 15. ille . . . hie : the former . . . the latter. 85. 1. i. idem: cf. 83, 1. i, and note. 1. 7. dicentis : see note on lavantis, 83, 1. 10. 86. 1. 5. oblitus : from obliviscor. 1. 8. alterum : one. 1. 10. Imum cothurnum : the bottom of his shoe. 1. 10. baud ita multo post : not very long afterwards. 1. 13. priore maiorem: see note on 47, 1. 9. 87. 11. 6 and 7. altera . . . altera : one . . . another. 1. 6. utraque manu : with both hands. 88. 1. 2. in summum discrimen adducta est : cf. 81, 1. 4, and note. 1. 4. more suo : cf. 63, 1. n, and note. 1. 6. una cum : along with. 1.9. hlC : at this point. 1. n. vobis stultius : more foolish than you. 1. 14. nihili: of no account ; cf. 79, 11. i and 13. 89. 1. i. caesum : supine, to cut. 1. 12. quod . . . raptum : which had been snatched from travellers and hidden by the robbers in that place. Literally, which snatched from travellers the robbers, etc. 1. 1 3. quam maximo pondere : with the greatest possible weight. 90. 1. 9. nee . . . poterat : and because he could not. 91. 1. i . callidissimum : callidissimum hominem. 1. 2. rei exquirendae causa : for the purpose of investigating the matter. Notice that causa, for the sake, or purpose of, comes after the genitive depending upon it. Cf. 37, 1. 3. 1. 7. quaerenti: present participle agreeing with ei, meaning the robber, understood. 92. 1. 5. singula binds : in the rest, one by one, he hid robbers two by two ; in each of the rest he hid two robbers. 1. 1 2. latronibus : depends on iniecit. 1. 13. ad unum : to a man. Cf. 39, 1. 6. 94. 1. 4. attonitus : though astonished. 1. 6. descend! non potest : one cannot descend. 1. 8. ab ima valle : cf. 86, 1. 10. NOTES. 135 95. 1. 3. pulsus : from pello. 96. 1. i. baud ita multo post : see 86, 1. 10, and note. 1. n. huic, etc. : take the words just as they stand. 97. 1. 4. quern . . . miseruit : whom it pitied ; who had com- passion on the weak old man. 1. 5. facturus : ready to do. 1. 5. simul = simul atque. 98. 1. 5. ascendi non potest: one cannot climb. Compare 94, 1. 6, and note. 99. 1. 6. maximi: see 79, 1. i, and note. 1. 9. bibendi causa : see 91, 2, and note., 100. 1. 6. alveo = in alveo. 1. 6. fluminis modo : like a river. 1. 12. sub imum montem: at the base of the mountain. Cf. 40, 1. i, and note. 101. 1. 3. dum . . . dormit : cf. 31, 1. 2, and note. 1. 1 1 . reliquum vitae spatium : cf. 42, 1. 6, and note. 102. 1. 6. arando : ablative of the gerund ; in ploughing. 1. 6. gramine vescor tenui : for the order, compare 4, 1. 2, argentum celat multum. Also 5, 1. i, and note. 1. 10. usus : by following ; from utor. 1. 12. edere: not the same verb as edis, 1. 10. 103. 1. 3. quern . . . poenitebat : who now repented. 1. 12. ausus: from audeo. 1. 12. ipse: cf. 42, 1. 9, and note. 104. 1. 5. morandi eum taedebat : it tired him of 'delaying ; he grew tired of waiting. 1.8. imum flumen : cf. imum montem, 100, 1. 12, and note. 1. 12. querenti: dative of the present participle in agreement with Boeoto, which depends on respondit. 1. 12. te: subjective-accusative of irasci; it by no means becomes you to be angry. 105. 1. 4. ex ... ancillis : cf. 43, 1. 2, and note. Take the words in this order : fidelissimam ex omnibus ancillis quam regina habebat. 1. 5. Hi : i.e. servus et ancilla. 1. 6. brevi : brevi tempore. 136 NOTES. 105. 1. 6. ut . . . impetrarent : explanatory of hoc consilium. They formed this design, that they would get, etc. 1. 9. mea : agrees with uxor. 1. 10. quern . . . miseruit : cf. 104, 1. 5, and note. 1. 13. Quae: regina. 106. 1. 2. consolaturus : the future participle here expresses pur- pose, to sympathize with her. 1. 2. versa : from vertor. 1. 2. gratias ... ago: cf. 103, 11. 9 and 10. 1. 5. Quod ubi : begin with ubi in translating. Quod is the object of credere. 107. 1. 2. summo fovebat amdre: for the order compare 5, 1. i, and note. 1. 4. Quod ubi : cf. 106, 1. 5, and note. 1. 6. ille: i.e. Boeotus. 1. 8. quod exemplum ... id : id exemplum quod tu, etc. 1. 12. ita ut : jitst as. 108. 1. i. ingenio bemgno : descriptive ablative; render as if it were a genitive. 1. 6. magnam . . . partem : cf. 42, 1. 6, and note. 1. 6. paulo longius : a little farther. 1. 12. quam celerrime : cf. 83, 1. 8, and note. 109. 1. 2. in nautam . . . incidit : cf. 107, 1. 3. 1. 8. puerumque . . . parant: and, seizing the boy, they make ready to rob him of his clothing. Cf. 89, 1. 12, and note. 1. 12. clamantis: of one shouting. Cf. 83, 1. 10, and note. 1. 1 6. certiores fact! : informed. 110. 1. n. modo: only. 111. 1. i. Quod ubi: cf. 106, 1. 5, and note. 1. 3. conloquendi causa : cf. 37, 1. 3, and note. 1. 5. modo: cf. 110, 1. n. 1. 7. Brevi : cf. 105, 1. 6. 1. 8. adventum eius : her coming. 112. 1. i. Hanc: the latter, subject-accusative of facere. 1. 2. quodcumque : whatsoever. 1. 9. convenisset : had been agreed upon. \. 9. ex agnis alterum : unum agnorum. Cf. 43, 1. 2, and note. NOTES. 137 112. 1. ii. brevi: cf. Ill, 1. 7. 1. ii. ne hdc quidem : not even with this. 113. 1. i. questus: from queror. 1. 5. cuiusdam : from quidam. 1. 6. carnis : from card. 114. 1. 8. abstulerunt : from auferd. 1. 12. quaesivit: from quaero. 1. 13. cum: though. 115. 1. 3. qui . . . consulerent : to consult ; a relative clause express- ing purpose. 1. 4. quam . . . venisset : an indirect question (§ 46), like quae causa esset, 114, 1. 12. Translate such sub- junctives as if they were indicatives. 1. 13. alterum : cf. 86, 1. 8, and note. 1. 13. transeundo ' notice the form of the gerund in -undo, instead of in -endo. 1. 14. nescio quo = aliqu5. Cf. 114, ad fin. nescio quam = aliquam. 116. 1. 2. altero pede : cf. alterum, 115, ad fin. 1. 2. quern cum : begin with cum and render quern Aim, as object of vidisset, § 36. 1.4. demonstravisset : a clause dependent upon an accusative and infinitive generally has the verb in the subjunctive. Render the subjunctive as if it were indicative. 1. 7. illud : that famous. 1. 9. Ut . . . potiretur: of getting this fleece. 1. 9. cum : since. § 47. 1. 10. sperabat : the subject is Pelias. To whom does eum refer? 1 1 . quid . . . vellet : cf . note on 115, 1. 4. 117. 118. 3. qui . . . docerent : cf. 115, 1. 3, qui . . . consulerent, and note. 4. postquam . . . iussit : cf. 72, 1. 9, and note. 12. quam quibus : than those -which. 13. tota: agrees with navis. Translate wholly. 4. Tradunt = dicunt. 7. quos : has its antecedent, eos, following, whom he thought . . . those he chose ; chose those whom he thought. 138 NOTES. 118. 1. 7. ad ... pericula : for facing all dangers. The participle in -dus is often used thus in agreement with a noun, when we might expect 'the gerund with its object in the accusative. 119. 1. 3. attigerunt : from attingo. 1. 9. cum : since. § 47. 1. 12. pugnatum est : it was fought ; they fought. 1. 1 5. abiecerunt : from abicio. 120. 1. 6. iam deficere : was now beginning to fail. 1. 8. puer forma praestantissima. Cf. 108, 1. i, and note. 1. 12. negaret facturum : denied himself to be going to do this ; in English, declared that he would not do this ; refused to do it. 13. abstulerunt : see 114, 1. 8, and note. 17. lasonem: subject-accusative of solvisse (navem). 121. . 2. appulerant : from appello. 3. quaesissent : from quaero. 4. quis . . . obtineret : see note on 115, 1. 4. 6. adfici : present infin. passive of adficio. 7. in : towards. 7. Cuius supplici, etc. : of the punishment of whom this was the kind ; in English, whose p^^n^shment was of this kind. 1. 9. specie horribili : see note on 120, 1. 8. 1. 13. Quae . . . essent : this being the case. What literally? 1. 13. baud . . . moreretur : not much was it distant but that Phineus should die of hunger ; in English, Phineus was within a little of dying of hunger. 122. 1. 3. gavisus est : from gaudeo. 1. 4. quantam . . . haberent : see 115, 1. 4, and note. 1. 6. qui . . . vocaret : see 115, 1. 3, and note. 1. 9. si ... reperissent : if they should find, not had found. 1. n. simul ac= simul atque, 1. 2. 1. 1 6. Quod cum : translate cum first and quod as the object of sensissent. See Rule 12, p. 68. 123. 1. 4. ingenti magnitudine : cf. 108, 1. i, and note. 1. 4. eo consilio : explained by the following words. 1. 5. ne quis : that no one. § 40. NOTES. 139 123. 1. 8. doctus est : i.e., Jason. 1. 9. sublatis ancoris : weighing anchor. Read the following note on the Ablative Absolute : (1) A very common construction in Latin is that of a noun and a participle in the ablative, to ex- press the time, cause, or some other circum- stance of an action. The words in the ablative are cut off grammatically from the rest of the sentence, and hence this construction is called the ablative absolute. Consul, pace facta, revertit : the consul, peace having been made, returned. (2) It is seldom best to render the ablative absolute literally. Thus instead of the above, we may render 1. The consul, after making peace, returned. 2. The consul, when peace had been made, returned. 3. The consul, because peace had been made, returned. 4. The consttl made peace and returned. (3) Sometimes instead of a noun and a participle in the ablative we have 1. Two nouns. 2. A pronoun and a participle. 3. A noun and an adjective. 1. 14. antequam . . . concurrerent : the imperfect and pluper- fect tenses are usually in the subjunctive after ante- quam and priusquam, but the subj unctive is generally to be rendered as if it were indicative. 124. 125. 4. contulerunt : from confero. 7. negabat . . . esse: cf. 120, 1. 12, and note. 9. traditurum : esse omitted, as often with forms made up of a participle and esse. 10. si ... perfecisset: see 122, 1. 9, and note. 12. iungendi erant : were to be yoked. 4. eo consilio : see 123, 1. 4, and note. 4. Quae cum essent : see 121, 1. 13, and note. 140 NOTES. 125. 1. 9. quod : of such a kind as to. 1. 1 1 . confi ciendi essent : were to be accomplished. Cf . 124- 1. 12, and note. 126. 1. 2. orta : from orior. 1. 3. repperit : from reperio. 1. 14. msiti: from msero. 127. 1. 7. rem evenisse : depends on cognovit. 1. 7. ita . . . ut: just as. 1. 13. cum: since. § 47. 128. 1. 5. Si ... mansisset : if she should remain, not had remained See 122, 1. 9, and note. 1. 15. quam primum : as quickly as possible. 1. 1 5. avecturum : supply esse. See 124, 1. 9, and note. 129. 1. i. orta luce: see 126, 1. 2. 1. 2. nacti : from nanciscor. 1. 5. qui . . . essent: see 122, 1. 6, and note. 1. 5. praesidid navi : for a protection to the ship, the first a dative of purpose, the second a dative of the object. 1. 1 8. rettulit: from refero. 130. 1. 6. Quae . . . essent : see 125, 1. 4, and 121, 1. 13, and note. 1. 6. maturandum sibi : they must hasten. \. 13. sublato: from tollo. 1. 14. rettulerunt: from refero. 131. 1. 4. inimico . . . animd : had been hostile to them. What literally ? 1. 7. hoc dolore : with anger on this account. 1. 7. exarsit : from exardesc5. 1. 13. minimum . . . caperentur: it was a very little way off but that they should be captured by the Colchi following ; in English, they were within a little of being captured by the pursuing Colchians. Cf. 121, 1. 14, and note. 1. 14. neque . . . posset: for it was not longer between than whither a javelin coidd be thrown ; in English, for the interval was not greater than a javelin-cast. 1. 1 6. loco: state, not place. 132. 1. 7. fefellit: from fallo. 1. 9. ad ea colligenda : for the purpose of collecting these. 1. ii. quod . . . fuit : which was necessary = naturally. NOTES. 141 132, 1. 12. prius . . . quam: until. When prius and quam are separated thus, translate the two parts with the last verb. 1. 14. si ... progressus esset : see, once more, 128, 1. 5, and note ; also, 122, 1. 9. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 1 1 . liceat . . . mihi : let me. 14. rogasset = rogavisset. i . aegre tulit : was disappointed. 4. ipsae : vos ipsae. 10. aliter . . . ac: other-wise than. 8. ulturam : from ulciscor. 1 5. steterat : from sto. 138. . i . obsessam : from obsideo. . 9. quern: subject-accusative of excogitasse. 139. . 3. aliae . . . disicerentur : -were scattered, some in one direc- tion, others in another. 1. 6. appulsa : from appello. 1. 7. qui . . . referrent : a relative clause expressing purpose. Find previous examples of this construction. 1. 8. et: connects referrent and cognoscerent. 1. 10. quibusdam . . . fact! : having met certain of the inhab- itants. 1. 13. Quern cum: begin with cum. 1. 14. gustassent : for gustavissent. Cf. rogasset, 133, 1. 14. 1. 14. obliti : from obliviscor. 1. 15. mansuros : supply esse. 140. 1. i. exspectasset : for exspectavisset. 1. 5. afuit : from absum. 1. 10. abituros : from abed ; supply esse and compare 124, 1. 9, and note. 1. 10. re mfecta : without accomplishing their object. 141. 1. 2. appulerunt : see 139, 1. 6, and note. 1. 8. facturos : cf. 124, 1. 9, and note. 142. 1. 1 8. sibi : dative of the agent with praecavendum esse. Cf. 130, 1. 6. 1. 22. divolsis : from divello. 143. 1. 5. Quod: rule 12, p. 68. 142 NOTES, 143. 1. 7. non omittendam : ought not to be lost. .7. in CO erat ut : was on the point of. . 8. cum : since. 11. nihil sibi profuturum (esse) : that it would be of no use to them. 12. si ... interfecisset : if he should kill ; not had killed. 1 6. loco : state, not place. Cf. 131, 1. 16. 17. oblata: from off erd. 21. adlaturi: from adferS. 144. 145. 146. . 2. quod: as. . 6. evasuros : see 124, 1. 9, and note. . 14. reposita: from repono. . i . eodem modo quo : in the same -way as. . 4. attulerat : from adfero. . 9. quaesivisset : from quaero. .15. quam petiimus facultatem: facultatem quam petii- mus. i. extremum palum : extremam partem pall. 4. quod necesse fuit : necessarily ; literally, a thing -which •was necessary. The reference is to what follows. Cf. 132,1. ii. 1. 5. sustulit : from tollo. 147. 1. 10. conexis: from conecto. 1. 12. oves : object of egit, and hominem object of feren- tes. 148. 1. 3. navi praesidio : see 129, 1. 5, and note. 1. 6. in horas : hottrly. 1. 7. id quod erat : as was really true. 1. 18. minimum afuit quin : cf. 121, 1. 14, and note. 149. 1. 4. Hie : explained by vasto . . . antro = in vasto antro. 1. n. sibi . . . proficiscendum : cf. 130, 1. 6, and note. 1. 17. relatis: from refero. 150. 1. 10. Velut agmine facto : as if with battle line formed. 1. ii. Qua, etc. : where the gate was opened rush forth and blow over the earth in a whirlwind. 1. 17. proiecissent : from pro icio. 151. 1. 5. quod . . . haberent : depends on frumentum . , . deficere, 1. 12. alter! : the one ; depends on praeesset. NOTES. 143 152. 1. 4. morti Obviam irent : they were going to their death. Cf. 139, 1. n. 153. . 2. tetigit : from tango. 13. si quid gravius : if any misfortune; literally, anything heavier. 1 6. ei licere : that he might. 1 8. in viam se dedit : set out. 154. . 4. in eo esset ut : was on the point of. 10. vis : from void. 15. tetigeret : see 153, 1. 2, and note. 155. . 3. atque : as. 10. aliter . . . atque: other-wise than. 13. quidquam: anything at all. 156. . 4. nisi . . . esset: unless she should do this ; if she did not do this. . 7. quae : refers to omnia. 10. de rebus suis : about what had happened to them. 1 5. qui . . . diceret : to report. 157. 1. 6. ei persuasum sit: he was persuaded ; literally, it was persuaded to him. 1. 13. usui : useful ; literally, for use. \. 1 8. maturandum sibi : see 130, 1. 6, and note. 1. 20. Ulixi subeunda erant : had to be braved by Ulysses^ 1. 21. quae : object of perscribere. 1, 22. longum est : would be tedious. VOCABULARY. a, ab, prep, by, from. abdd, 3, -didi, -ditus, hide, con- ceal. abduco, 3, -duxl, -ductus, lead away, take away, carry off. abeo, -Ire, -Ivi or -il, -itus, go away, depart. abicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw or put down, lay aside. abnuo, 3, -ul, -uiturus, refuse, reject. absorbeo, 2, -bui, -ptus, swal- low, devour. abstinentia, -ae, f. abstinence. abstineo, 2, -ul, -tentus, keep from, abstain. abstraho, 3, -xl, -ctus, drag away, withdraw. absum, -esse, afui, afuturus, be away, be absent, be distant ; baud inultura (or minimum) abesse quin, come very near. absumo, 3, -mpsl, -mptus, take away, carry off, consume. Absyrtus, -I, m. Absyrtus, broth- er of Medea. Abulus, -I, m. Abulus. abundo, 1, abound, overflow. ac, conj. and ; with aliter, than ; simul ac, as soon as. Acastus, -1, m. Acastus, son of Pelias, king of Colchi. accedd, 3, -cessl, -cessurus, ap- proach, draw near. accendo, 3, -di, -ensus, set on fire, light, inflame. accido, 3, -cidi, — , (cado),/aM to ; befall, happen, come to pass. accipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, receive ; welcome, suffer, sustain. accipiter, -tris, m. falcon, hawk. accumbo, 3, -bui, -bitum, lay one's self down, recline at table. accurate, adv. exactly, precisely, particularly. accuratus, -a, -um, adj. exact, precise. accuse, 1, accuse, charge. acer, -oris, -ere, adj. sharp, keen, bitter, fiery. acerbus, -a, -um, adj. bitter, un- ripe. acervus, -1, m. heap, pile. acriter, adv. sharply, eagerly, fiercely. acuo, 3, -ul, -utus, sharpen. acus, -us, f. needle. acutus, -a, -um, adj. sharp, in- telligent. ad, prep, to, at, for, toward, near, up to, until. adamo, 1, love greatly, fall in love with. addo, 3, -didl, -ditus, add, join. addiicd, 3, -xl, -uctus, bring to, lead, prompt, conduct, induce. adeo, -Ire, -il or -Ivl, -itus, go to, approach. adfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, bear to ; bear, bring, give, bring upon, cause to. 146 VOCABULARY. adficid, 3, -feel, -fectus, affect, influence, afflict, oppress. adfigo, 3, -xl, -xus, fasten, at- tach, nail to. adflicto, 1, vex, torment, toss. adfligo, 3, -xi, -ctus, dash against, destroy, shatter. adhaereo, 2, -haesi, -haesus, stick, cling to. adhibeo, 2, -ui, -itus, apply to, use, employ. adhuc, adv. hitherto, still, till then. adiaceo, 2, -ui, — , adjoin. adicio, 3, -ieci, 4ectus, throw to, throw, cast. adimo, 3,-emi,-ernptus, take to one's self; take away, deprive. adiungo, 3, -unxl, -unctus, join to, attach. adiutor, -oris, m. helper. adlicio, 3, -lexl, -lectus, entice, allure, win over. adligo, 1, bind, fasten. adloquor, 3, -locutus, address, exhort. Admetus, -1, m. Admetus. admitto, 3, -misl, -missus, ad- mit, commit. admoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn, advise. admoveo, 2, -movl,-motus, bring up, apply, offer. adorior, 4, -ortus, rise against, attack. adripio, 3, -ripul, -reptus, snatch, grasp, seize. adscribo. See ascribe. adsentator, -oris, m. flatterer, fawner. adsiduus, -a, -um, adj. contin- ual, unceasing, constant. adsum, -esse, -ful, be present, come. adulescens, -entis, adj. growing; as noun, m. youth, young man. adulescentia, -ae, f . youth. adultus, -a, -um, part, grown up. aduro, 3, -ussi, -ustus, scorch, singe, burn. adveho, 3, -vex!, -vectus, carry, convey; pass. ride. ad vena, -ae, m. and f. stranger. advenio, 4, -vein, -ventus, ar- rive at, come to. adventus, -us, m. arrival, ap- proach. adversarius, -I, m. adversary, opponent. ad versus, -a, -um, adj. contrary, adverse, against. adversus, prep, towards, against. advoco, 1, summon, invite, call. aedes, -ium, f. pi. house, dwell- ing, palace. aedificium, -i, n. building, house. aedifico, 1, build, erect, con- struct. Aeetes, -ae, m. a mythical king of Colchis. aeger, -gra, -grum, adj. sick, ill. aegre, adv. badly; aegre ferre, to be annoyed, be angry. Aegyptus, -1, f. Egypt. aeneiis, -a, -um, adj. of copper, bronze. Aeolia, -ae, f. an island near Sicily. Aeolus, -I, m. king of the winds. aequo, 1, equal, rival. aequus, -qua, -quum, adj. equal, even, level, fair. aer, aeris, m. air, sky. aeratus, -a, -um, adj. brazen, bronze. aerius, -a, -um, adj. aerial, lofty, high. Aeson, -onis, m. Aeson. aestas, -atis, f. summer. aestimo, 1, think, judge, value. aestus, -us, m. tide. aetas, -atis, f. age, years. ' aeternus, -a, -um, adj. of an age; in aeternum, forever. VOCABULARY. 147 Aetna, -ae, f. Mount Aetna in _ Sicily. Afer, -fra, -frum, adj. African. Africa, -ae, f. Africa. age, come. See ago. ager, -grl, m. field, plain, land, country. aggredior, 3, -gressus, go to, fall upon, assail, attack. agito, 1, drive, toss, rouse. agmen, -inis, n. army, troop, line of march. agnosco, 3, -novi, -nitus, recog- nize, make out, become ac- quainted with. agnus, -i, m. lamb. ago, 3, egi, actus, do, keep, con- duct; act, drive, perform, treat about; gratias ago, I thank; imp. age as interj. come. agricola, -ae, m. farmer. ala, -ae, f. wing. alacer, -cris, -ere, adj. brisk, active, quick. Albertus, -I, m. Albert. albus, -a, -um, adj. white. alea, -ae, f. dice. ales, -itis, adj. winged; as noun, m. and f . bird. aliquando, adv. now and then, sometimes, once upon a time, once. aliquantum, -I, n. some, a little, w. partit. gen. aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj. any, some. aliquis, -qua, -quid, pron. indef. somebody, any one. aliquot, adj., indecl. several, some, a few. aliter, adv. otherwise; aliter ac, otherwise than, in a different way from. alms, -a, -ud, adj. other, another, different, besides; aliae alias in partes, some in one direc- tion, others in another. almus, -a, -uin, adj. pleasant. alo, 3, aim, altus, nourish, maintain, keep up. alter, -tera, -terum, adj. one of two, the other, the second. altum, -I, n. the sea. altus, -a, -um, adj. high, deep. Aluredus, -1, m. Alfred. alveus, -1, m. river-bed. ambiguus, -a, -um, adj. doubt- ful ; in ambiguo, wrapped in mystery. ambo, -ae, -o, pron. both. ambulo, 1, walk about, walk. amentia, -ae, f. madness. amicus, -1, m. friend. amitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send off; let slip, lose. amnis, -is, m. river. amo, 1, love, like. amor, -oris, m. love, charity. amoved, 2, -movi, -motus, re- move, withdraw, take away. amphora, -ae, f. jar. amplector, 3, -exus, embrace, caress. amplexus, -us, m. embrace. anas, -atis, f. duck. anaticula, -ae, f. duckling. ancilla, -ae, f. maidservant. ancora, -ae, f. anchor. anguis, -is, m. and f. snake. angustus, -a, -um, adj. nar- row. animadverts, 3, -ti, -sus, direct the mind; observe, notice, per- ceive. animal, -alis, n. animal, crea- ture. animosus, -a, -um, adj. full of courage, bold. animus, -i, m. mind, heart, spirit, courage. annus, -I, m. year. anser, -eris, m. goose. ante, prep, before. antea, adv. before. 148 VOCABULARY. antecello, 3, — , — , excel, sur- pass, be superior to. antequam, conj. before that, before. antiquus, -a, -um, adj. old, an- cient. antrum, -I, n. cave. anus, -us, f. old woman. anxietas, -atis, f. solicitude, anxiety. anxius, -a, -um, adj. choked; troubled, solicitous, anxious. aper, -prl, m. wild boar. aperio, 4, -erul, -ertus, uncover, open, show. apertus, -a, -um, part. open. Apicius, -I, m. Apicius. Apollo, -inis, m. Apollo. appareo, 2, -m, -iturus, appear, show one's self. appello, 1, call, name, address. appello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, dash against, come to land, put in, land (w. navem). appeto, 3, -ivi, -il, -Itus, seek for; intr. be at hand, draw near, approach. applico, 1, -avl or -ui, -atus, fasten, join, attach. appono, 3, -posui, -positus, put on the table, set before, serve to. apporto, 1, carry, bring to, bring along. appropmquo, 1, draw near, approach. aptd, I, fit, adjust. aptus, -a, -um, &dj. fitted, suit- able, ready. apud, prep. w. ace. at, near, in the presence of, among. aqua, -ae, f. water; aquae, mineral springs. aquila, -ae, f. eagle. aratrum, -1, n. plough. arbitrium, -1, n. judgment, de- cision. arbitror, 1, believe, consider, think. arbor, -oris, f . tree. area, -ae, f. chest, strong-box. arceo, 2, -cui, — , keep off, hinder. arcesso, 3, -ivi, -Itus, send for, summon, call. arcus, -us, m. bow. ardeo, 2, -rsi, -rsus, be on fire, burn, blaze. ardor, -oris, in. fire, heat. arduus, -a, -um, adj. steep, difficult. arena, -ae, f. sand, arena. argenteus, -a, -um, adj. silver. argentum, -I, n. silver. Argo, -us, f. the Argo (Jason's ship). Argonautae, -arum, m. Argo- nauts (the Argo's crew). Argus, -i, m. builder of the Argo. aries, -etis, m. ram. arista, -ae, f . ear of corn. arma, -orum, n. arms, weapons, armor. anno, 1, furnish with arms; arm, equip, rouse to arms; armatus as adj. armed. armentum, -i, n. herd. aro, 1, plough, till. Arpi, -orum, m. the town of Arpi. ars, artis, f. art, skill, cunning. arte, adv. closely, fast, firmly. artus, -a, -um, adj. close, fast, tight. arvum, -I, n. field, land. arx, -cis, f. citadel, stronghold. as, assis, m. a copper coin, a pound in weight. ascendo, 3, -ndl, -ensus, climb up, mount. ascisco, 3, -ivi, -Itus, adopt, admit. ascribo, 3, -psi, -ptus, write in addition; enroll, add, join, include. VOCABULARY. 149 asinus, -I, m. donkey, ass. asper, -pera, -perum, adj. rough, dangerous. aspicio, 3, -exl, -ectus, look on, behold, espy, see. asto, 1, -iti, — , stand at, take position near. astrologus, -1, m. astrologer, star-gazer. at, conj. but. Athenae, -arum, f. Athens, in . Attica. Atheniensis, -e, adj. Athenian. atque or ac, conj. and also, and, as, than; simul, as soon as. atrium, -I, n. hall, chief room. atrox, -ocis, adj. fierce, terrible, cruel. attineo, 2, -ul, — ; attinet, im- pers. it matters, concerns. attingd, 3, -tigi, -tactus, touch, reach, arrive at. attonitus, -a, -um, adj, thunder- struck, astonished. attrecto, 1, touch, handle. attuli. See adfero. auctor, -oris, m. author, cause. auctoritas, -atis. f. authority, influence, power. ' audacia, -ae, f . boldness, daring, insolence. audax, -acis, adj. bold, daring, rash. audeo, 2, ausus, semi-dep. dare, venture. audio, 4, hear, listen to. aufero, -ferre, abstuli, ablatus, bear or take away, snatch away, remove. aufugio, 3, -fugl, — , flee away, flee, run. Augustus, -I, m. Augustus. aura, -ae, f. air. auratus, -a, -um, adj. gilt, gilded. aureus, -a, -um, adj. of gold, golden. auris, -is, f. ear. aurum, -I, n. gold. australis, -e, adj. southern. aut, conj. or, either. autem, conj. but, moreover, how- ever. auxilior, 1, give help, aid, assist. auxilium, -1, n. help, aid, assist- ance. avarus, -a, -um, adj. covetous, avello, 3, -velll or-vulsl, -vulsus, pluck away, pull off. aversor, 1, turn away, shrink from, avoid. averto, 3, -tl, -sus, turn aside or away, withdraw. avide, adv. greedily. avidus, -a, -um, adj. greedy, longing. avis, -is, f. bird. avius, -a, -um, adj. pathless. avus, -I, m. grandfather. Bacchus, -I, Bacchus (god of wine). baculum, -1, n. stick, staff, cane. Baiae, -arum, f. Baiae. Balbus, -1, m. Balbus. barba, -ae, f. beard. barbarus, -a, -um, adj. barba- rous, foreign; as noun, in. stranger, foreigner. beatus, -a, -um, adj. happy, fortunate. bellum, -I, n. war, contest. bene, adv. well. beneficium, -I, n. kindness, bene- fit, service. benevolentia, -ae, f. goodwill, friendship, favor. bemgne, adv. kindly, with friendship. benignitas, -atis, f. friendliness, kindness, courtesy. 150 VOCABULARY. bemgnus, -a, -um, adj. kind- hearted, kindly, good. bestia, -ae, f. beast, animal. bibo, 3, bibi, — , drink. bmi, -ae, -a, adj. two at a time, two. Boeotus, -a, -um, adj. Boeotian. bonus, -a, -um, adj. good. bos, bovis, m. and f. ox or cow. bracchium, -T, n. arm. brevi, adv. in a short time. brevis, -e, adj. short, small. Britannicus,-a,-um, ^.British. Britannus, -I, in. Briton. Brutusv -1, m. Brutus. C. cadaver, -eris, n. corpse. cado, 3, cecidi, casus, fall. cadus, -I, m. cask. caecus, -a, -um, adj. blind. caedes, -is, f . murder, bloodshed. caedo, 3, cecidi, caesus, cut, beat, kill. caelum, -I, n. sky, heavens. Cams, -1, m. Cains. Calais, only nom. an Argonaut, son of the North wind. calamitas, -atis, f. loss, injury, disaster, misfortune. calathus, -1, m. basket. calcar, -aris, n. spur. calceus, -1, m. shoe. Calebus, -1, m. Caleb. calefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, make warm ; heat, make hot. caligd, -inis, f. mist, darkness. callide, adv. cunningly, shrewd- ly. callidus, -a, -um, adj. cunning, clever, crafty, shrewd. Cambricus, -I, m. Cambricus. candidus, -a, -um, adj. white, cams, -is, m. and f. dog. cano, 3, cecinl, cantus, sing, play. canorus, -a, -um, adj. musical, melodius. canto, 1, sing, play. ' cantus, -us, m. singing, song. Canutius, -1, m. Canute. caper, -prl, m. he-goat. capillus, -i, m. hair. capio, 3, cepl, captus, take, seize, capture, get, receive. captivus, -!, m. one captured; captive, prisoner. capto, 1, catch, catch at. Capua, -ae, f. Capua. caput, -pitis, n. head; damnare capitis, to condemn to death. career, -eris, m. prison, jail; plur. starting-place, barrier. cared, 2, -ui, -iturus, be in want of, be without. carmen, -inis, n. song, charm, incantation. card, carnis, f. flesh. Carolus, -J, m. Charles. carpo, 3, -psi, -ptus, pick, pluck, gather, enjoy. carus, -a, -um, adj. dear. casa, -ae, f. hut, cottage. caseus, -I, m. cheese. castanea, -ae, f. chestnut-tree, chestnut. Castor, -oris, m. son of Tyndarus and Leda, and twin-brother of Pollux. castra, -orum. n. camp. casu, adv. by chance. casus, -us, m. chance, happen- ing, emergency, mischance, disaster. catena, -ae, f. chain, fetter. caterva, -ae, f. crowd, band of men, throng. Cato, -onis, m. Cato. cauda, -ae, f. tail. causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, mo- tive, case; abl. as adv., w. gen. for the sake of, on account of. caute, adv. carefully. VOCABULARY. 151 caveo, 2, cavl, cautus, beware of, guard against. cedo, 3, cessi, cessus, go, with- draw, yield. celebro, 1, frequent, celebrate. celer, -eris, -ere, adj. swift, speedy, prompt. celeritas, -atis, f. swiftness, speed. celeriter, adv. quickly, in haste, promptly. celerrime, superl. of celeriter. celo, 1, conceal, hide, keep secret. cena, -ae, f . principal meal, din- ner, supper. cenaculum, -I, n. dining-room. Cennetus, -i, m. Kenneth. ceno, 1, sup, dine, take, dinner. censeo, '2, -ul, -nsus, be of the opinion, think, decide. Centaurus, -i, m. Centaur (a fabulous creature, half man, half horse). Ceres, -eris, f. Ceres (goddess of agriculture). certamen, -minis, n. struggle, battle. certe, adv. certainly, surely. certiorem facio, inform (make more certain). certo, 1, strive, contend. certus, -a, -um, adj. certain, definite, fixed, sure. cervix, -Icis, f. neck. cervus, -I, m. stag. cesso, 1, cease from, be inactive, stop, slacken. ceteri, -ae, -a, adj. the others, the rest. chorus, -1, m.dance, crowd, band. cibus, -I, m. food. Cimbri, -orum, m. the Cimbri (a people of North Germany), cingo, 3, -xl, -nctus, surround, encircle. Circaeus, -a, -um, adj. of Circe, Circe"1 s. Circe, -ae or -es, f. an enchant- ress, daughter of the sun. circiter, adv. about, not far from. circum, adv. and prep, around, about. circumdd, -dare, -dedl, -datus, set round, surround, encircle. circumsto, 1, -stetl, — , stand round, surround. citharoedus, -I, m. harpist, min- strel. civis. -is, m. and f. citizen. clades, -is, f. slaughter, destruc- tion, defeat. clam, adv. secretly; as prep. w. abl. unknown to. clamito, 1 , cry aloud, shout. clamo, 1, shout, cry out. clamor, -oris, m. shout, cry, shriek. clangor, -oris, m. noise, sound, clang. clarus, -a, -um, adj. clear, bright, famous, distinguished. claudo, 3, -si, -sus, shut, close. claudus, -a, -um, adj. lame. claustra, -orum, n. barrier, dike. dementia, -ae, f. kindness, mercy. cliens, -entis, m. and f. depend- ent, patient. Clodius, -i, m. Clodius. Cloelia, -ae, f. Cloelia. (coepio), 3, coepl, coeptus, be- gin, commence. coerceo, 2, -ul, -itus, keep back, check, restrain. coetus, -us, m. assemblage, gath- ering, company. cogito, 1, consider, ponder, weigh, reflect upon. cognosco, 3, -gnovl, -gnitus, find out, recognize, learn, as- certain; pf. know. cogo, 3, coegl, coactus, gather, compel, urge, force. 152 VOCABULARY. cohibeo, 2, -m, -itus, hold fast, check, hinder, stay. cohortor, 1, encourage. Colchi, -orum, m. inhabitants of Colchis, Colchians. Colchis, -idis, f. the district east . of the Black Sea. collum, -I, n. neck. colo, 3, -ui, cultus, cultivate, dwell in, inhabit. colonus, -i, m. farmer. color, -oris, m. color, hue. columba, -ae, f. pigeon, dove. coma, -ae, f. hair, leaf. comes, -itis,v m. and f . compan- ion, comrade, attendant. comitas, -atis, f . courtesy, kind- ness. commeatus, -us, m. provisions, supplies. commemoro, 1, relate, recount, tell. committo, 3, -misi, -missus, in- trust, begin, commit, deliver. commoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, remind, impress upon. commoror, 1, delay, linger, wait. commoveo, 2, -movl, -motus, move violently, alarm, pro- voke, induce, lead. communico, 1, share, impart. comparS, 1, make ready, pre- pare, provide, plot. complector, 3, -plexus, fold to- gether; embrace, enfold. compleo, 2, -evi, -etus,fill. complures, -a or-ia, adj. several, many, a number. comporto, 1, bring together, col- lect, gather. conatus, -us, m. attempt, under- taking, enterprise. concede, 3, -cessl, -cessus, yield, grant, give up, resign. concha, -ae, f. shell. conchylium, -I, n. oyster. concipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, take up, conceive, devise. concordia, -ae, f. harmony, con- cord, agreement. concors, -cordis, adj. united, harmonious. concurro, 3, -curri or -cucurrl, -cursus, run together, assem- ble, fight. condicio, -onis, f. condition, terms. condo, 3, -did!, -ditus, found, store up, lay away. condono, 1, devote, consecrate. conecto, 3, — , -nexus, bind to- gether; join, tie. confero, -ferre, -tull, -latus, bring together; gather, collect, bestow, confer; w. se, betake one's self, go. conficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, wear out, overcome, exhaust ; ac- complish, do. confirmo, 1, strengthen, rein- force, steady ; affirm, assert. confligo, 3, -flixl, -flictus, strike, dash together, contend, fight. conicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw, hurl, cast. conhmgo, 3, -unxl, -unctus, join, unite, connect. coniunx, -iugis, m. and f. hus- band or wife. conligo, 3, -egl, -ectus, pick up, collect ; gather together. conloco, 1, establish, put, place. conloquor, 3, -locutus, converse, hold a conference, confer, parley. conor, 1, attempt, try, seek. conscendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, climb up, mount, embark. consensus, -us, m. agreement, consent. consequor, 3, -cutus, follow up, overtake; follow, succeed. considero, 1, inspect, examine. VOCABULARY. 153 cSnsidS, 3, -se"dl, -sessus, sit down, station one's self. consilium, -I, n. plan, device, advice, scheme, wisdom, will. consists, 3, -stitl, -stilus, stand still, halt, stop. consoler, 1, comfort, cheer. conspectus, -us, m. sight, view. cSnspiciS, 3, -spexl, -spectus, see, espy, perceive. constans, -antis, adj. firm, stead- fast, faithful, true. cSnstanter, adv.firmly, steadily, resolutely. c5nstantia, -ae, f. firmness, per- severance, faithfulness. cSnstituo, 3, -ul, -utus, establish, determine, fix, decide, resolve. constS, 1, -stiti, -staturus, con- sist of; constat, it is agreed or known. constringo, 3, -nxi, -ctus, draw together, fasten, tie up. consuescS, 3, -suevi, -suetus, accustom ; usu. pf . system, be accustomed, be wont. consuetude, -inis, f. custom, habit. consul, -is, m. consul, chief magistrate. consulo, 3, -ul, -Itus, consider; consult, inquire of, seek coun- sel. cSnsumS, 3, -psi, -ptus, eat, destroy, spend, pass. contemplor, 1, observe, con- sider, think over. contends, 3, -dl, -tus, hasten, struggle, strive. contentus, -a, -um, adj. satis- fied, pleased. contexo, 3, -ul, -xtus, weave, make. contineS, 2, -ul, -tentus, hold, keep back, bound, surround. continuo, adv. without inter- ruption. continuus, -a, -um, adj. succes- sive, in succession. contra, prep. w. ace. against. controversia, -ae, f. dispute, quarrel, contention. contus, -I, m. pole. conveniS, 4, -venl, -ventus, come together, assemble, agree, ac- cord ; impers. it is agreed, etc. convenit, impers, it is agreed. converts, 3, -vertl, -versus, turn towards, turn round, change, transform. convincS, 3, -vici, -victus, over- come, completely conquer. conviva, -ae, m. and f. guest. convivium, -I, n. feast, banquet. convocS, 1, call together, assem- ble, summon. cooripr, 4, coortus, rise up, arise, appear. cSpia, -ae, f. sing, plenty, abun- dance, supply ; plur. forces, troops. cSpiosus, -a, -um, adj. abundant, plentiful. coquS, 3, coxi, coctus, cook, bake. cor, cordis, n. heart. cSram, adv. and prep, openly, in presence of. Corinthius, -a, -um, adj. of Corinth, Corinthian. Corinthus, -I, f. Corinth. corium, -I, n. skin, hide, leather. corniger, -gera, -gerum, adj. horned. cornii, -us, n. horn. corona, -ae, f. crown. corpus, -oris, n. body, form. corripiS, 3, -ul, -reptus [rapio], seize, snatch up, grasp. corvus, -I, ra. raven. cothurnus, -I, m. top-boot, shoe. cottidianus, -a, -um, adj. of every day, daily. cottidie, adv. daily, every day. eras, adv. tomorrow. 154 VOCABULARY. cratera, -ae, f . mixing bowl, bowl. creber, -bra, -brum, adj. fre- quent, numerous. credibilis, -e, adj. trustworthy. credo, 3, -didi, -ditus, believe, suppose, trust, entrust. creo, 1, create, make. Creon, -ontis, m. a king of Corinth. crepitus, -us, m. rustling, pat- tering. cresco, 3, crevi, cretus, increase, grow. creta, -ae, f. chalk. crimen, -inis, n. charge, crime, fault, offence. cruciatus, -us, in. torture, tor- ment. crudelis, -e, adj. cruel, fierce, pitiless. crudelitas, -atis, f. harshness, severity, cruelty. cruentus, -a, -um, adj. bloody, stained. cruor, -oris, m. gore, blood. crus, cruris, n. leg. cubile, -is, n. bed, couch. cubo, 1, cubul, cubitum, lie down. oilmen, -inis, n. top, roof. culpa, -ae, f. fault. culpo, 1, blame. culter, -trl, m. knife, razor. cultus, -us, m. cultivation, care, culture. cum, prep, with, together with. cum, conj. when, since, while, after; cum . . . turn, both . . . and. Cumae, -arum, f. Cumae. cunae, -arum, f. cradle. cunctus, -a, -um, adj. all, in a body, the whole. cupide, adv. eagerly, greedily. cupiditas, -atis, f. longing, de- sire, ambition, eagerness. cupido, -dinis, f. desire, wish, longing. cupidus, -a, -um, adj. eager, desirous, anxious. cupio, 3, -ivl or -il, -Itus, desire, wish, long for. cur, adv. why? cura, -ae, f. care, trouble, worry. euro, 1, care, take care. curro, 3, cucurri, cursus, run, rush, hasten. currus, -us, m. chariot. cursito, 1, run about. cursus, -us, m. running, race, course. curvus, -a, -um, adj. crooked, winding. custodio, 4, guard, watch over, protect. custos, -odis, m. and f. guard, warder. cutis, -is, f. skin. Cyclops, -opis, m. (round eye), Cyclops (one of the fabulous giants off the coast of Sicily), cygnus, -1, m. swan. Cyme, -es, f. a city of Aetolia. Cyprus, -I, f. an island in the Eastern Mediterranean. Cyzicus, -!, f. a city in Mysia. D. damno, 1, sentence, doom, con- demn. damnum, -I, n. hurt, harm, damage, injure. Dam, -orum, m. Danes. dapes, -um, f. feast, banquet,food. Darius, -li, m. Darius. datus. See do. d(j, prep./rom, about, concerning. debeo, 2, -ul, -itus, owe, ought. debitus, -a, -um, adj. owed; due, appropriate, becoming. decem, adj. indecl. ten. decerto, 1, struggle, contend. decet, 2, decuit, impers. it is fitting. VOCABULARY. 155 decide, 3, -cidi, — , fall down, fall. decimus, -a, -um, adj. tenth. decipiS, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, deceive, cheat, entrap. decurrS, 3, -cucum or -currl, -cursus, run or hasten down, rush to the shore. dedecus, -oris, n. disgrace. deditio, -onis, f. surrender. dedS, 3, -didi, -ditus, resign, surrender, give up, yield. deduce, 3, -xi, -uctus, escort, bring, draw out, carry down, launch. defamS, 1, soil, sully. defends, 3, -dl, -ensus, defend, protect, keep off. defers, deferre, detull, delatus, drive, force, carry; carry down, report. defessus,-a,-um, adj. tired,weary. deficiS, 3, -feel, -fectus, be wanting, fail, give out. defluo, 3, -uxl, -xus, flow by. defSrmis, -e, adj. ugly. deformo, 1, make ugly, spoil. degS, 3, degi, — , spend, pass. dehisco, 3, — , — , yawn, gape. Deiamra, -ae, f. Deianira. deiciS, 3, -iecl, -iectus, throw down, dishearten; cast, drive, force. deinde, adv. then, next, after- wards. delabor, 3, -lapsus, glide down; fall, descend. delecto, 1, delight, charm, please. deleo, 2, -evl, -etus, destroy, overthrow. deliciae, -arum, f. treat. delictum, -!, n. fault, offence. deligS, 3, -leg!, -Iectus, choose, select. deligS, 1, bind, tie. Delphi, -orum, m. a Phocian city, famous for its oracle. demittS, 3, -misi, -missus, send from; let down, let go, lose; demissus, downcast, dejected. demonstrS, 1, show, indicate, prove. Demosthenes, -is, m. He s- thenes. demum, adv. at length. denarius, -1, m. a silver coin. denique, adv. at last. dens, dentis, m. tooth. . densus, -a, -um, adj. thick. depellS, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive away, banish, remove, turn aside, divert. dependeo, 2, — , — , hang down. depereS, -Ire, -ii, — , die, perish. deplorS, 1, lament, bewail. deponS, 3, -posui, -positus, lay down, put aside. deports, 1, carry down or off, bring home. deprehendS, 3, -dl, -ensus, seize upon, detect, surprise. derideS, 2,-rlsl, -rlsus, jeer, mock. deripiS, 3, -ui, -reptus, tear away, snatch. descendo,3, -di, -ensus, descend, dismount, disembark. descensus, -us, m. descent. deserS, 3, -rul, -rtus. desert, abandon, forsake. desertus, -a, -um, part, deserted, desolate. desiderium, -1, n. longing, wish, desire. desiliS, 4, -ilui, -ultus, jump down, leap overboard. desists, 3, -stitl, -stilus, leave off, stop, give up. desperp, 1, despair of, give up. despiciS, 3, -exl, -ectus, look down upon, disdain. destringS, 3, -inxl, -ictus, draw, unsheath. desum, -esse, -fui, fail, be want- ing. 156 VOCABULARY. desuper, adv. from above, from overhead. deterreo, 2, -m, -itus, deter, pre- vent, frighten. detraho, 3, -axl, -ctus, draw or throw off, remove. detrecto, 1, decline, refuse. deturbo, 1, upset, throw away, drive away, dislodge. deus, -1, m. god. devius, -a, -urn, adj. out of the way, retired. devolve, 3, -vl, -utus, roll down. devoro, 1, eat, devour, consume. devoveo, 2, -vovl, -votus, devote, offer, give up. dextra, -ae, f. right hand. Diana, -ae, f. Diana (goddess of hunting). died, 3, -xl, -ictus, say, tell, appoint. dies, -el, m. day. difficilis, -e, adj. difficult, hard, ill-tempered, perilous. difficultas, -atis, f. difficulty, trouble. diffugio, 3, -fug!, — , flee in dif- ferent directions, scatter. digitus, -1, m. finger. dignitas, -atis, f. dignity, rank. dignus, -a, -um, adj. worthy, suitable, proper. dilacero, 1, tear in pieces, wound. dilanio, 1, tear in pieces, strip off. diligens, -entis, adj. careful, industrious. diligenter, adv. carefully, scru- pulously. diligentia, -ae, f. industry, dili- gence, care, application. diligo, 3, -lex!, -l€ctus, single out, love, esteem. dilucesco, 3, -luxl, — , grow light, dawn. dimittd, 3, -misl, -missus, send out, despatch, dismiss. direptus, -a, -um, adj. torn asun- der, separated. dirigo, 3, -rexi, -rectus, direct, guide. diripio, 3, -ul, -eptus, tear asunder, ravage. dirus, -a, -um, adj. fearful, dreadful, violent. discedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, depart from, leave, go ; separate, open. disciplina, -ae, f. discipline, order, teaching. discrimen, -inis, n. crisis, risk, peril, danger. disicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus, disjoint, separate, scatter, disperse. dispono, 3, -posui, -positus, arrange, set in order, post, assign. dispute, 1, argue, discuss. dissideo, 2, -edi, — , disagree, differ. dissimilis, -e, adj. unlike, dif- ferent. diistans, -antis, adj. distant. diu, adv. for a long time, long. diutius, adv. longer, for some time. divello, 3, -velli, -vulsus, tear up or apart, snatch away, remove. diversus, -a, -um, adj. different. dives, dlvitis, adj. rich, wealthy. divide, 3, -vlsl, -vlsus, divide, separate. divinitus, adv. miraculously, by divine influence. divinus, -a, -um, adj. divine. divitiae, -arum, f . riches, wealth. divolgo, 1, spread abroad, pub- lish, reveal. do, 1, dedl, datus, give, offer, bestow, confer; propose; give up, resign. doceo, 2, -cul, -ctus, teach, show, tell. VOCABULARY. 157 doleo, 2, -ul, -iturus, grieve (/or), feel sorry, lament. dolor, -oris, m. grief, pain. dolus, -I, m. deceit; trick, fraud, cunning. domesticus, -a, -urn, adj. of the house, house-, personal. domi, loc. of domus, at home. domina, -ae, f. mistress. dominus, -I, m. lord, master. domd, 1, -ui, -itus, subdue, tame, conquer. domus, -us, f. house, home. d5no, 1, give, present, bestow, confer. ddnum, -i, n. gift, present. dormiS, 4, sleep, slumber. draco, -onis, m. serpent, dragon. dubito, 1, doubt, hesitate. dubius, -a, -urn, adj. doubtful, uncertain; sine dubio, witJi- out doubt. duco, 3, -xi, ductus, lead, con- duct, draw, marry (a wife). dulcedo, -inis, f. sweetness, charm. dulcis, -e, adj. sweet, agreeable, pleasant, delightful. dum, conj. while, as long as, until. duo, -ae, -o, adj. two. duodecim, adj. indecl. twelve. durus, -a, -uin, adj. hard, rough, harsh, cruel. dux, duels, m. leader, general. E. e, ex, prep. w. abl. out of, from. ebrius, -a, -um, adj. drunken, in- toxicated. ebur, -oris, n. ivory. ecce, adv. see! behold! echinus, -I, m. hedgehog. edico, 3, -xi, -dictus, proclaim, announce, make known. edo, 3, 6dl, e"sus, eat, devour, consume. edo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give forth, utter, raise, set up. Edvardus, -i, m. Edward. effervesco, 3, -ferbui, — , boil up, boil over. efficio, 3, -fed, -fectus, bring about, effect, accomplish. effodio, 3, -fodi, -fossus, dig up. effugio,, 3, -fugi, — , flee away, escape, avoid. effundo, 3, -fudi, -fusus, upset, scatter, pour forth, waste. effuse, adv. in different direc- tions. egenus, -a, -um, adj. poor, needy. ego, pron. I. egredior, 3, -gressus, come out, disembark, land. egregie, adv. excellently, splen- didly, very well. egregius, -a, -um, adj. distin- guished, excellent, noble. eheu, adv. alas ! eicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, drive out, banish. elephantus, -1, m. elephant. elido, 3, -si, -sus, shatter, crush, destroy. Elisabetha, -ae, f. Elizabeth (queen of England). eludo, 3, -si, -sus, avoid, cheat, make sport of. emergo, 3, -si, -sus, come forth, emerge. emineo, 2, -ui, — , stand out, project, show one's self. emitto, 3, -misi, -missus, let go, send out. emo, 3, emi, emptus, buy. en, adv. see! behold! enim, conj. for, in fact, you see. ed, ire, ii or ivi, iturus, go. eo, adv. thither. Ephesius, -a,-nm, a,d].Ephesian. epistula, -ae, f. letter, 158 VOCABULARY. epulae, -arum, i. feast, banquet, dinner. equa, -ae, f. mare. eques, -itis, m. knight, horseman. equidem, adv. indeed, certainly, yes. equmus, -a, -um, adj. of horses, horse-. equitatus, -us, m. cavalry. equito, 1, ride. equus, -i, m. horse, steed. erectus, -a, -um, adj. set up, upright, erect. erga, prep, towards. ergo, adv. therefore, accordingly. Eridanus, -i, m. Eridanus or Po River. eripio, 3, -ipul, -eptus, snatch away, save, rescue. erro, 1, wander, mistake, be wrong. error, -oris, m. fault, mistake. erump5, 3, -rupi, -ruptus, break out, burst forth, rush out. esurio, 4, — , -iturus, be hungry, suffer hunger. et, conj. and ; et . . . et, both . . . and. etiam, conj. also, even, besides, too. etsi, conj. although. Eurylochus, -i, m. one of Ulys- ses"1 men. evado, 3, -si, -sus, turn out, get away, escape. evanesco, 3, -nui, — , vanish or fade away, disappear. evello, 3, -veil!, -vulsus, pull or pluck out. evenio, 4, -vem, -ventus, hap- pen, occur, result, succeed. eventus, -us, m. occurrence, re- sult, end. evolo, I, fly out or away, rush forth. ex or e, prep. -w. abl. from, away from, out of, of. exanimis, -e, adj. lifeless, dead. exanimo, 1, tire, weaken, ex- haust. exanimus, -a, -um, adj. lifeless, dead. exardesco, 3, -arsi, -arsus, be inflamed, be provoked, rage. excedo, 3, -cessl, -cessus, depart, withdraw; e vita,, die, perish. excipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, catch, come next to, interrupt; re- ceive, welcome. excito, 1, arouse, rouse, wake. exclamo, 1, cry out, shout, ex- claim. excludo, 3, -si, -sus, shut out, hinder, prevent; (of eggs) hatch. excogito, 1, think, contrive, de- vise. excubiae, -arum, f. watch. exemplum, -I, n. example. exeo, -ire, -il, -itus, go out, go away, depart. exerceo, 2, -ul, -itus, vex, exer- cise, try, test. exercitus, -us, m. army, force. exhaurio, 4, -hausi, -haustus, empty, drink up. exiguus, -a, -um, adj. small, scanty, mean. eximo, 3, -emi, -emptus, take out, take away, remove. existimd, 1, think, judge, con- sider. exitium, -i, n. destruction, ruin. expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive out, banish, expel. experrectus, -a, -um, adj. awak- ened, awake. expers, -pertis, adj. without, . free from. explico, 1, -avl or -ui, -atus or -itus, unfold, explain, set forth. exp!5r5, 1, examine, explore, spy out. VOCABULARY. 159 expono, 3, -posui, -positus, set forth ; in terram, land, put ashore. exprimo, 3, -press!, -pressus, squeeze, squeeze out, extract. exquiro, 3, -slvl, -situs, search for, seek out, hunt for. exsilio, 4, -ul, — , jump forth, dart out. exsilium, -I, n. place of exile, exile, banishment. exsolvo, 3, -solvl, -solutus, pay. exspecto, 1, expect, wait for, wait. exspiro, 1, breathe one's last, die. exsul, -ulis, m. and f. wanderer, exile. exsupero, 1, overcome, be too much for. extemplo, adv. immediately, at once. extra, adv. and prep. w. ace. outside of, without. extraho, 3, -axl, -ctus, drag out, pull out, remove. extremus, -a, -um, adj. superl. outermost ; at the end of. extrudo, 3, -si, -sus, thrust out, drive away. exuo, 3, -til, -utus, take off, put off, remove, F. faber, -brl, m. artisan, carpen- ter, smith. fabula, -ae, f. story, tale. facile, adv. easily, readily. facilis, -e, adj. easy. facinus, -inoris, n. crime. facio, 3, feel, factns, make, dor form, cause, find ; facere naufragium, be shipwrecked. factum, -1, n. act, action, deed. facultas, -atis, f, chance, oppor- tunity. fallo, 3, fefelli, falsus, deceive, elude, cheat, fail, disappoint. falsus, -a, -um, adj. deceived, feigned, pretended, false. fama, -ae, f. report, rumor. fames, -is, f. hunger, famine. farina, -ae, f. flour. fastldium, -1, n. dislike, pride. fatalis, -e, adj. fated, fateful, dangerous, deadly. fatum, -1, n. fate, lot, death. fauces, -ium, f . throat, jaws. faveo, 2, favl, fautus, favor. fax, facis, f. torch. fefelli. See fallo. feles, -is, f. cat. feliciter, adv. happily, fortu- nately, favorably. femina, -ae, f. woman. fenestra, -ae, f. window. fenum, -!, n. hay. fera, -ae, f . wild beast, animal. fere, adv. almost, nearly. feriae, -arum, f. festival. ferio, 4, strike, beat, thrust. fero, ferre, tull, latus, bear, carry, take, say, tell; aegre or indigne, take it ill, be vexed. ferox, -ocis, adj. fierce, savage, ferreus, -a, -um, adj. iron. ferrum, -I, n. iron, sword, fertilis, -e, adj. fertile. ferus, -a, -um, adj. wild, savage. fervidus, -a, -um, adj. burning, fiery, hot. fessus, -a, -um, adj. tired, weak, exhausted. festus, -a, -um, adj. festal, gay. fibula, -ae, f. buckle, button. fictus, -a, -um, adj. feigned, false, pretended. fidelis, -e, adj. trusty, faithful. fides, -el, f. faith, promise, credit. fido, 3, fisus, semi-dep. trust, confide, rely upon. Fido, -onis, m, Fido. 160 VOCABULARY. fidus, -a, -urn, adj. faithful, trusty. Figulus, -I, m. Figulus. figura, -ae, f . form, figure. filia, -ae, f. daughter. filius, -1, m. son. fitnus, -i, in. dung, filth. findo, 3, fidl, fissus, split, divide. fingo, 3, finxi, fictus, form, in- vent, fashion, build. fund, 4, -ivl, -itus, finish, end, decide. finis, -is, m. end, land, boundary. finitimus, -a, -um, adj. neigh- boring, near. fio, fieri, factus, be made or done, become. firmiter, adv. firmly. f irmus, -a, -um, a&j.flrm, strong, powerful. fistula, -ae, f. pipe. flagrans, -antis, adj. flaming,, glowing, burning. flamma, -ae, f . flame, fire. flecto, 3, -exi, -xus, bend, bow, turn. Floras, -i, m. Florus. flos, floris, m. flower, blossom. fluctus, -us, m. wave, billow, tide. flumen, -inis, n. river, stream. flu5, 3, -uxi, -xus, flow. focus, -i, m. hearth. fodio, 3, fodl, fossus, dig. foedus, -a, -um, adj. filthy, hor- rible, dreadful. folium, -I, n. leaf. fons, f ontis, m. spring, fountain. foras, adv. out of doors, out. fore, foret. See sum. foris, -is, f. door; pi. folding door, double doors, entrance. foris, adv. out of doors, outside. forma, -ae, f. form, figure, beauty. formica, -ae, f. ant. formido, -inis, f. fear, dread. formosus, -a, -um, adj. beauti- ful, handsome. forte, adv. by chance, as it hap- pened. fortis, -e, adj. strong, brave, valiant. fortitude, -inis, f. manliness, bravery, courage. fortuna, -ae, f. fortune, fate, chance. fortunatus, -a, -um, adj. fortu- nate, lucky. forum, -I, n. market-place, forum. fossa, -ae, f. ditch, trench. foveo, 2, fovl, fotus, cherish, warm, keep warm. fragor, -oris, m. splash, noise, crash, din. frango, 3, fregi, fractus, break, shatter. f rater, -tris, m. brother. f raus, fraudis, f. deceit, trickery, crime. Fredericus, -I, m. Frederick. f remitus, -us, m. growling, noise. freno, 1, curb, check, restrain. frigidus, -a, -um, adj. cold, chilled, freezing. frons, frondis, f. leaf. frons, frontis, f. forehead, brow. fructus, -us, m. product, fruit. frugalis, -e, adj. thrifty, frugal. frumentor, 1, get corn, forage. frumentum, -i, n. corn, grain. frustra, adv. in vain, to no purpose. frustum, -I, n. bit, piece. (frux), frugis, f. fruit, produce. fuga, -ae, f . flight. fugiens, -entis, adj. flying, flee- ing. fugio, 3, fugl, — , fly, flee, run away. fugitivus, -I, m. fugitive, run- away slave. , 1, put to flight. VOCABULARY. 161 fulciS, 4, fulsl, fultus, prop up, support fulgens, -entis, adj. glittering. fulgeo, 2, fulsl, — , glitter, flash, shine. fultus. See fulci5. Fulvia, -ae, f. Fulvia. Fulvius, -i, m. Fulvius. funditor, -oris, m. slinger. fundo, 3, fudi, fusus, pour, pro- duce, rout. fundus, -i, m. farm. funebris, -e, adj. funereal. fungor, 3, functus, perform. funis, -is, m. rope, cord. fur, furis, m. thief, robber. furens, -entis, adj. furious, maddened. furiosus, -a, -run, adj. raging, maddened. furor, -oris, m. madness, frenzy. furtim, adv. stealthily. furtum, -I, n. theft. fuscus, -a, -urn, adj. dark, dusky, swarthy. G. galea, -ae, f. helmet. Gallia, -ae, f. Gaul. Gallicus, -a, -um, adj. Gallic. gallma, -ae, f. hen. Gallus, -i, m. a Gaul. gallus, -i, m. cock. garrulus, -a, -um, adj. chatter- ing, talkative, prattling. gaudeo, 2, gavisus, semi-dep. rejoice, be glad or pleased. gaudium, -I, n. joy, gladness, delight. Gelertus, -1, m. Gelert. Gellius, -i, m. Gellius. gelu, -us, n. frost. gemitus, -us, m. groan, moan. gemma, -ae, f. jewel. genae, -arum, f. cheeks. generosus, -a, -um, adj. well- born, noble. gens, gentis, f. race, people, nation. genus, generis, n. birth, race; style, manner, kind. Germania, -ae, f. Germany. German!, -orum, m. Germans. gero, 3, gessi, gestus, bear, wield, carry, wear, do, accomplish, wage; pass, take place. gestus, -us, m. gesture. gigas, -antis, m. giant. gigno, 3, genui, genitus, pro- duce, bring forth; pass, spring up, arise. gladius, -1, m. sword. glans, -andis, f. acorn. Glauce, -es or -ae, f. daughter of Creon (king of Corinth). glaucus, -a, -um, adj. gray. Glaucus, -i, m. Glaucus. gloria, -ae, f. renown, fame. gloriosus, -a^-um, adj. boastful. gracilis, -e, adj. slender, grace- ful. Graecia, -ae, f. Greece. Graecus, -a, -um, adj. Grecian, Greek ; plur. as noun, the Greeks. gramen, -inis, n. grass. grandis, -e, adj. large, big. grando, -inis, f. hail. granum, -1, n. grain, seed. gratia, -ae, f . sing, favor, esteem ; plur. thanks, gratitude. gratus, -a, -um, adj. pleasing, thankful. gravis, -e, adj. heavy, deep, painful, important, severe, dangerous. graviter, adv. severely, d.anger- ously, deeply, violently. gravo, 1, oppress, burden, over- come. gremium, -i, n. bosom. gressus, -us, m. step, course. grex, gregis, m. flock. guberno, 1, steer, pilot. 162 VOCABULARY. gurges, -itis, m. whirlpool, abyss. gusto, 1, taste, take a little of. guttur, -uris, n. throat. Gyges, -is, m. Gyges. H. habena, -ae, f. usu. pi. reins. habeo, 2, -m, -itus, have, carry, carry on, hold, esteem, con- sider. habito, 1, dwell, live in, inhabit. haereo, 2, haesi, haesurus, stick, be in difficulties, be held fast. haesito, 1, hesitate. Hamelma, -ae, f. Hamelin. hamus, -1, m. hook. harena (arena), -ae, f. sand. Harpyiae, -aruin, f. Harpies (loathsome birds with maid- ens' faces). haud, adv. not, not at all. haudquaquam, adv. by no means, not at all. haurio, 4, hausl, haustus, drain,, drink up, swallow. haustus, -us, m. draught. Henricus, -i, m. Henry. herba, -ae, f. herb, plant. hercle, inter], by Hercules, as- suredly, indeed. Hercules, -is, m. Hercules (god of strength, son of Jupiter and Alcmena). heri, adv. yesterday. hesternus, -a, -um, adj., w. dies, yesterday, the day previous. hiatus, -us, in. gaping, aperture, cleft. Hibernia, -ae, f. Ireland. hie, haec, hoc, pron. this, he, she, etc. ; hie, ille, the latter, the former. hie, adv. here, on this side. hiems, -emis, f. winter, cold. hinc, adv. hence; hinc illinc, on this side and on that. hirundo, -inis, f. swallow. Hispania, -ae, f. Spain. Hispanus, -a, -um, adj. Spanish; as noun, m. pi. the Spaniards. hodie, adv. to-day. Homerus, -1, m. the Greek poet Homer, supposed to have lived about B.C. 900. homo, -inis, m. man. honestus, -a, -um, adj. honor- able, virtuous. honos or honor, -oris, m. honor, office, duly. hora, -ae, f. hour, time. hordeum, -I, n. barley. horrendus, -a, -um, adj. dreadful. horreo, 2, -ui, — , bristle, shudder. horreum, -1, n. barn. horribilis, -e, adj. fearful, ter- rible, dreadful. horrisonus, -a, -um, adj. with terrific sound, fearful. horror, -oris, m. shivering, dread, fear. hortor, 1, cheer, exhort, urge, bid. hortus, -I, m. garden. -hospes, -itis. m. and f. guest, host, stranger. hospitium, -I, n. hospitality, entertainment, welcome. hostis, -is, m. and f. enemy, foe. Hubertus, -1, m. Hubert. hue, adv. hither; hue illuc, hither and thither, to and fro. humanitas, -atis, f. politeness, refinement. humanus, -a, -um, adj. human, marts. humi, adv. on the ground. humilis, -e, adj. lowly, humble. humiliter, adv. humbly, abjectly. humus, -I, f. ground. hyaena, -ae, f. hycena. hydra, -ae, f. hydra. Hylas, -ae, m. one of the Argo- nauts. .163 iace5, 2, -ui, -itus, lie, lie dead, be prostrate. iacio, 3, iecl, iactus, throw, cast, let fall lacobus, -I, m. James. iacto, 1, toss about, boast. iaculum, -I, n. dart, javelin. iam, adv. now, already, soon, at length. iamdudum, adv. for a long while, long. iamque. See iam. ianua, -ae, f. door, house-door, entrance. lason, -onis, m. Jason (son of ibi, adv. there. ibidem, adv. in the same spot. Iceni, -orum, m. Iceni (a people of Britain). ictus, -us, m. blow. idem, eadem, idem, pron. the same. idoneus, -ea, -eum, ad], fit, suit- able, proper. ieiunus, -a, -um, adj. fasting, hungry. igitur, adv. therefore, conse- quently. Ignarus, -a, -um, adj. unac- quainted with, unskilled in, not knowing. ignavus, -a, -um, adj. idle, lazy, worthless. ignis, -is, m. fire. ignore, 1, be ignorant, not know. ignotus, -a, -um, adj. unknown, unfamiliar, strange. Ilias, -ados, f . the Iliad (a Greek epic poem). ilico, adv. on the spot, instantly. ille, -a, -ud, pron. that yonder, he, she, it. illic, adv. there, on that side. illinc, adv. thence, on that side. iliac, adv. thither. imago, -inis, f. copy, likeness, reflection, form. imber, -bris, m. shower, storm. imitor, 1, copy, counterfeit. immanis, -e, adj. huge, vast, monstrous. immanitas, -atis, f. savageness, cruelty, barbarism. immemor, -oris, adj. forgetful, regardless. immensus, -a, -um, adj. bound- less, vast, huge. immineo, 2, — , — , hang over, impend. immitto, 3, -mlsi, -missus, let in, drive in, admit. impedio, 4, hinder, retard, delay. impello, 3, -puli, -pulsus, move, induce, impel, lead. impendeo, 2, — , — , overhang, threaten, be near. impensa, -ae, f . outlay, expense, cost. imperator, -oris, m. commander, leader, general. imperatum, -I, n. command, orders. imperitus, -a, -um, adj. inex- perienced,unskilled,awkward. imperium, -1, n. power, authority. impero, 1, command, bid, order, impose. impetro, 1, cbtain, procure, get. impetus, -us, m. attack, onset, charge, rush. impie, adv. wickedly, impiously. impiger, -gra, -grum, adj. active. impius, -a, -um, adj. wicked, impious, unnatural. impleo, 2, -plevl, -pletus, fill up, cover. implico, 1, -a vi or -ui, -atus or -itus, entangle, involve. impono, 3, -posui,-positus,_pZace upon, set over, impose; set on board. 164 VOCABULARY. improbus, -a, -um, adj. wicked, naughty. improvidus, -a, -um, adj. im- prudent, heedless. improvise, adv. suddenly, un- expectedly ; de improvise, unexpectedly. imprudens, -entis, adj. not fore- seeing, unintentional. impudens, -entis, adj. shame- less, impudent. impudentia, -ae, f. shameless- ness. impune, adv. without punish- ment, uninjured. imus, -a, -um, adj. superl. low- est; ima vallis, the bottom of the valley. in, prep. (1) w. ace. to, into, in, against; (2) w. abl. in, on, among. incaute, adv. heedlessly. incautus, -a, -um, adj. heedless, off one's guard. inced5, 3, -cessl, -cessus, ad- vance, march, move. incendium, -I, n. conflagration, fire. incendo, 3, -di, -ensus, set on fire, kindle, light. incertus, -a, -um, adj. uncer- tain, doubtful. incidp, 3, -cidi, — , fall into. incipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, begin, commence. incito, 1, urge, rouse, incite, drive; of the tide, w. se, come in violently. include, 3, -si, -sus, shut in, confine, keep. incola, -ae, m. and f . inhabitant, citizen. incolo, 3, -lui, — , dwell in, in- habit. incolumis, -e, adj. safe, sound. incredibilis, -e, adj. incredible, extraordinary. increp5, 1, -ul, -itus, rebuke, upbraid, reprove. incultus, -a, -um, adj. unculti- vated. incursio, -onis, f. raid, inroad. incuso, 1, accuse, charge. incutio, 3, -cussl, -cussus, strike against. inde, adv. thence, thereupon. indicium, -1, n. evidence, proof, sign, token. indico, 1, reveal, declare, make known. indlgnatio, -onis, f . displeasure, anger. indoctus, -a, -um, adj. untaught, ignorant. induce, 3, -xl, -ductus, lead or bring into, conduct, lead, per- suade. indulgeo, 2, -si, -tus, indulge. induo, 3, -ui, -utus,put on, dress one's self in, wrap, clothe. Indus, -a, -um, adj. Indian ; as noun, m. pi. Indians. industria, -ae, f. diligence, zeal; de industria, on purpose. ineo, -ire, -IvI or -il, -itus, enter, devise, form. ineptus, -a, -um, adj. senseless. infandus, -a, -um, adj. not to be spoken, unheard of, unnatu- ral, awful. infans, -antis, adj. not speaking; as noun, m. and f . little child, infant, babe. infectus, -a, -um, adj. unaccom- plished, undone. infelix, -Icis, adj. unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated, unhappy. inferior, comp. adj. lower. infero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, bear or bring upon, w. ace. and dat. inferus, -a, -um, adj. under- neath, lower. mfesto, 1, haunt, infest, molest, trouble* VOCABULARY. 165 inficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, put in, dig, plunge, soak,imbue, stain, corrupt. mfidelis, -e, adj. faithless, un- true, treacherous. infirmus, -a, -um, adj. feeble, weak. mformis, -e, adj. misshapen, hideous, horrible. mfundo, 3, -fudl, -fusus, pour in, throw in. ingemino, 1, redouble, repeat, increase. ingenium, -i, n. character, abili- ties. ingens, -entis, adj. huge, vast, mighty. ingenuus, -a, -um, adj. frank, open. ingratus, -a, -um, adj. unpleas- ant, thankless. ingredior, 3, -gressus, enter, go into. inhonestus, -a, -um, adj. dis- honorable, disgraceful. inhospitalis, -e, adj. inhospita- . ble. inicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, put into, insert; apply (manus), lay hands on, seize. inimicus, -a, -um, adj. hostile ; as noun, m. enemy, foe. imquus, -a, -um, adj. uneven, unjust, unfair, wicked. iniuria, -ae, f . wrong, hurt, harm. inlido, 3, -si, -sus, strike or dash against, w. se, wash. innocens, -entis, adj. guiltless, harmless. innumerabilis, -e, adj. countless. inopia, -ae, f. want, scarcity, scant supply. inopmatus, -a, -um, adj. unex- pected. inquam, defect, verb, say. inritus, -a, -um, adj. unsuccess- ful, vain, foiled. inrumpo, 3, -rupl, -ruptus, burst into, force a way in. inruo, 3, -ui, — , rush in, press into. insania, -ae, f. unsoundness of mind, insanity, madness. msanus, -a, -um, adj. mad, frantic, frenzied. msciens, -entis, ad j.not knowing; patre, without his father's knowledge. mscius, -a, -um, adj. not know- ing, ignorant of, unacquainted with. inscribo,3, -psi,-ptus, write upon. insequor, 3, -secutua, follow upon, pursue, start in pursuit. insero, 3, -sevl, -situs, implant, plant, sow. insero, 3, -serui, -sertus, intro- duce, insert. msidiae, -arum, f . ambush, plot, artifice, trick, treachery. insido, 3, -sedl, -sessus, settle on, take possession of. insignis, -e, adj. distinguished, striking, prominent. insisto, 3, -stitl, — , stand upon, press upon. mstituo, 3, -ui, -iitus, begin, arrange, resolve, determine on. insto, 1, -stitl, — , approach, be present, press upon, threaten. instruo, 3, -uxi, -uctus, prepare, furnish, equip, form, construct. msuetus, -a, -um, adj. unusual. msula, -ae, f. island. integer, -gra, -grum, adj. fresh, sound, untouched, unbroken. intellego, 3, -16x1, -Iectus, per- ceive, understand, find out, learn. inter, prep, between, among; inter se, together, with one another. intercludd, 3, -usl, -usus, shut up, cut off. 166 VOCABULARY. interdic5, 3, -dixi, -dictus, for- bid, exclude, prohibit. interdum, adv. sometimes, now and then. interea, adv. meanwhile. interficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, kill, destroy. interior, adj. comp. inner. intermitto, 3, -nils!, -missus, leave off, interrupt; pass. elapse, intervene. interpono, 3, -posm, -positus, place between; pass, lie be- tween, intervene. interrogo, 1, question. interrumpd, 3, -rupl, -ruptus, break up, break off. intersum, -esse, -ful. be between, intervene. intervallum, -1, n. space between, interval. intra, prep, within, inside. intro, 1, enter, go into. introitus, -us, m. going in, en- trance. intueor, 2, -itus, look upon, gaze at, behold. inundo, 1, overflow, inundate, cover. inutilis, -e, adj. useless, un- serviceable. invenid, 4, -veni, -ventus, come upon, find, discover. inventor, -oris, m. contriver, inventor. invicem, adv. in turn, alter- nately. invideo, 2, -vldi, -visus, envy, grudge. invidia, -ae, f. erfcy, hatred. invito, 1, invite, urge to en- ter. invitus, -a, -um, adj. unwilling, reluctant. invoco, 1, call upon, invoke. iocosus, -a, -um, adj. witty, funny, fond of jest. iocus, -I, m. pi. also ioca, -drum, n. jest, joke. Johannes, -is, m. John. lole, -es, f. lole. ipse, -a, -um, pron. self, very. ira, -ae, f. anger, rage. iracundus, -a, -urn, adj. passion- ate. irascor, 3, iratus, be angry, en- raged or furious. iratus, -a, -um, adj. angry, en- raged. ' is, ea, id, pron. that, this, he, she, it. iste, ista, istud, pron. that near you, that of yours, that. ita, adv. so, thus. Italia, -ae, f. Italy. itaque, conj. and so, therefore, accordingly. iter, itineris, n. journey, road. iterum, adv. again, once more. Ithaca, -ae, f. an island in the Ionian sea. iubeo, 2, iussl, iussus, order, command. iucundus, -a, -um, adj. pleasant, jovial. iudex, -icis, m. and f. judge. iudico, 1, judge, decide, declare. iugum, -I, n. yoke. lulius, -1, m. Julius. iumentum, -i, n. beast of burden. iungo, 3, ifmxl, iunctus, join, yoke, cross. luppiter, lovis, m. Jupiter, king of the gods. iuris-consultus, -I, m. lawyer. ius, iuris, n. law, right, privilege. ius, iuris, n. soup. iusiurandum, iurisiurandi, n. oath. (iussus, -us), m. only abl. sing., command, order. iusta, -orum, n. funeral rites. iustus, -a, -um, adj. just, right, proper. VOCABULARY. 167 iuvenis, -is, adj. young; as noun, m. youth, young man. iuvo, 1, iuvl, iutus, help, aid, assist. iuxta, adv. and prep, nearly, near. L. labor, -oris, m. labor, toil, work, effort, exertion. labor, 3, lapsus, glide, slip. laboro, 1, work, toil. labrum, -I, n. lip. lac, lactis, n. milk. lacrima, -ae, f. tear. lacus, -us, m. lake, pond. laetitia, -ae, f. joy, gladness. laetus, -a, -um, adj. joyful, glad, delighted. lambd, 3, -bi, -bitus, lick. lamenta, -oram, n. wailing, weeping, lamentation. languidus, -a, -um, adj. faint, languid. lapis, -idis, m. stone. lassitude, -inis, f. faintness, weariness, fatigue. latebrae, -arum, f . hiding-place, retreat. lateo, 2, -ui, — , lie hid, escape notice. Latinus, -a, -um, adj. Latin. latratus, -us, m. barking, bark, yelp. latro, -onis, in. robber. latus, -a, -um, adj. broad, wide. latus, -eris, n. side. laudo, 1, praise, honor. laus, laudis, f. praise, flattery. lavo, 1, -avi, -atus, and 3, lav!, lautus and lotus, wash, bathe. laxo, 1, unloose, relax. lectus, -i, m. bed, couch. legatus, -1, m. officer, lieutenant. lego, 3, legi, lectus, collect, choose, read. lenid, 4, soften. lenis, -e, adj. soft, smooth, light, mild. led, -onis, m. lion. levis, -e, adj. smooth, polished. levis, -e, adj. light. leviter, adv. lightly. levo, 1, lighten. lex, legis, f. law. libenter, adv. gladly, with pleas- ure. liberal itas, -atis, f. liberality, generosity. liberi, -drum, m. children. libero, I, free, set free, deliver. llbertas, -atis, f. liberty, free- dom. libum, -I, n. cake. Libya, -ae, f. Libya. licet, 2, -cuit, -citum, impers. it is allowed or permitted. lictor, -oris, m. lictor, the consul's servant. ligneus, -a, -um, adj. wooden. lignum, -i, n. wood. ligo, 1, bind, fasten. Hmen, -inis, n. threshold. limus, -I, m. mud, slime. lingua, -ae, f. tongue. linum, -i, n. linen, thread, cord. littera, -ae,f . letter; pi. language. litus, -oris, n. shore, beach. loco, 1, place, post, put. loculi, -orum, m. picrse. locus, -1, m. place, spot, region. Londinium, -I, n. London. longe, adv. far. longus, -a, -um, adj. long; na- vis, ship of war. loquax, -acis, adj. talkative. loquor, 3, locutus, dep. speak, talk, say. lotus, -I, f. lotus. Loxias, -ae, m. Loxias. lubricus, -a, -um, adj. slippery, slimy, muddy. lucerna, -ae, f. lamp, lantern, lucide, adv. clearly, distinctly. 168 VOCABULARY. Lucius, -I, m. Lucius. lucrum, -I, n. riches, wealth. luctor, 1, strive, struggle, con- tend. ludibrium, -I, n. jest, taunt, mockery. ludo, 3, -si, -siis, play, gamble, deceive. Ludovicus, -I, m. Louis. ludus, -I, m. game, sport, school. lumen, -inis, n. light, rays. lima, -ae, f. moon. lupus, -!, m. wolf. lustro, 1, wander over, observe, gaze at, look at. lutum, -1, n. mud, mire. lux, lucis, f. light. luxus, -us, m. luxury, enjoyment. Lycus, -I, m. Lycus. Lyddn, -onls, m. Lydon. lyra, -ae, f. lyre. Lysander, -drl, m. Lysander. M. Macedo, -onis, m. Macedonian. macte, well done! good! (vir- tute), a blessing on your virtue I macto, 1, sacrifice, offer. maculo, 1, spot, stain, soil. madefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, wet, moisten. • maestus, -a, -um, adj. sad, sorrowful, dejected. magicus, -a, -um, adj. magic, magical. magis, adv. rather, more. magister, -trl, m. master. magistratus, -us, m. magistrate, officer. magnified", adv. grandly, splen- didly, richly. magnificentia, -ae, f. splendor, grandeur, elegance. magnificus,-a,-um, adj. magnif- icent, honorable, splendid, fine. magnitude, -inis, f. size, great- ness. magnopere, adv. greatly, ex- ceedingly, heartily. magnus, -a, -um, great, large, wide, heavy. maiestas, -atis, f . dignity, great- ness. maior, mains, adj. greater, older. male, adv. badly, scarcely, with difficulty; male parere, dis- obey. maledicO; 3, -xl, -dictus, S2)eak ill of, abuse, revile. malignus, -a, -um, adj. ill- natured, malicious. malo, malle, malul, — , prefer, choose. malum, -I, n. apple. malum, -I, n. evil. malus, -a, -um, adj. bad, evil, improper. malus, -1, m. mast. mandatum, -1, n. command, order, word. mando, 1, commit, entrust. mane, adv. in the morning. maneo, 2, -ansi, -ansus, remain, stay, wait. manifestus, -a, -um, adj. un- mistakable, evident, plain. mansuetudo, -dinis, f. clemency, kindness. manus, -us, f. hand, band, force. mare, -is, n. sea. margo, -inis, m. edge, shore. marinus, -a, -um, adj. of the sea, sea-. maritimus, -a, -um, adj. of the sea, sea-. massa, -ae, f. mass, lump. mater, -tris, f. mother. matrimonium, -1, n. marriage, wedlock. mature, 1, hasten, hurry, make haste. VOCABULARY. 169 maturus, -a, -um, adj. early, ripe. maxime, adv. certainly, very, greatly, especially, particu- larly. maximus, -a, -um, adj. superl. greatest, very great, very strong, etc. ; natu, eldest ; quam maximus, as great as possible. Medea, -ae, f. daughter of Ae- etes, king of Colchis. medicamentum, -1, n. drug, potion. medicina, -ae, f . art of healing, medicine. medicus, -I, m. doctor. medius, -a, -um, adj. middle, midst of. membrum, -brl, n. limb. memini, -isse, only pf., remem- ber, recollect. memor, -oris, adj. mindful. memoria, -ae, f. memory; w. teneo, bear in mind, remem- ber. mens, mentis, f. mind. mensa, -ae, f. table. mensis, -is, m. month. mentio, -onis, f. mention, allu- sion. mentum, -1, n. chin. mercator, -oris, m. trader, mer- chant. merces, -edis, f . wages, reward, fee. Mercurius, -I, m. Mercury, god of trades. mereo, 2, -ul, -itus, deserve, be entitled to, merit. mergo, 3, -si, -sus, dip, plunge ; w. se, sink, be swallowed up. meridianus, -a, -um, adj. of midday, of noon. meridies, — , ace. -em, midday, noon, south. merits, adv. deservedly, justly. meritus, -a, -um, adj. due, fit, right, proper. messis, -is, f. harvest. meta, -ae, f. goal, target. metus, -us, m. fear, dread. meus, -a, -um, poss. pron. my, mine. Midas, -ae, m. Midas, king of Phrygia. migrd, 1, remove, emigrate, depart. miles, -itis, m. soldier, man. militaris, -e,adj. military, mar- tial, of war. mille, adj. thousand, pi. mllia ; mille passuum, mile. mina, -ae, f . a small silver coin. minae, -arum, f. threats, men- aces. Minerva, -ae, f. Minerva, god- dess of wisdom. minime, adv. superl. least of all, very little, by no means. minimus, -a, -um, adj. superl. least, very small ; natu, youngest. ministro, 1, attend, serve, wait upon. minitor, 1, threaten, menace. minor, -us, adj. comp. smaller, less. minor, 1, threaten, menace. minuo, 3, -ul, -utus, lessen, diminish, reduce. minus, adv. comp. less, not at all. mirabilis, -e, adj. wonderful, marvellous, strange. mlraculum, -i, n. wonder, mir- acle. miror, 1, wonder, admire, be astonished or amazed. minis, -a, -um, adj. wonderful, extraordinary. misceo, 2, -cui, mixtus, mix, mingle, prepare. miser, -era, -erum, adj. wretched, miserable, poor. 170 VOCABULARY. misere, adv. miserably, sadly. misereor, 2, -itus, feel pity, have compassion. miseret, 2, impers. it distresses one, one feels pity. misericordia, -ae, f. pity, com- passion. miseritus, -a, -urn, part, of mi- sereor. mitesco, 3, — , — , grow gentle, soften. mitigo, 1, soften, subdue, refine. mitto, 3, mlsl, missus, send, despatch. modice, adv. moderately. modicus, -a, -um, adj. moderate; modest, temperate. modo, adv. only, merely, simply, at one time, at another. modus, -i, m. manner, measure, mode. molestia, -ae, f. annoyance, vexation, distress. molestus, -a, -um, adj. trouble- some, irksome. mollis, -e, adj. soft, tender. moneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn, advise. mons, mentis, m. mountain, hill. monstro, 1, point to, show, dis- play. monstrum, -I, n. monster, pest. montanus, -a, ,-um, adj. moun- tain. 'mora, -ae, f. delay, hesitation. morbus, -i, m. sickness, disease. Morcius, -I, m. Morcius. mordeo, 2, momordl, morsus, bite. moribundus, -a, -um, adj. dying, at the point of death. morior, 3, mortuus, die. moror, 1, delay, retard, hinder. mors, mortis, f. death. mortalis, -e, adj. deadly, fatal, human, mortal, of men. mortifer, -fera, ferum, adj. deadly, fatal. mortuus, -a, -um, adj. dead. mos, moris, m. manner, custom, habit, way; in plur. manners, conduct. motus, -us, m. motion, move- ment. moveo, 2, movl, motus, move, rouse, stir, inspire, provoke. mox, adv. presently, soon, after- wards. mugitus, -us, in. bellowing. mulceo, 2, -si, -sus, soothe, stroke. mulcta, -ae, f. fine, penalty. mulctrarium, -1, n. milking-pail. mulier, -eris, f. woman. multiplex, -plicis, adj. manifold, various. multitude, -inis, f. multitude, crowd, number. multo, I, fine, punish. multum, adv. greatly, a great deal, much, long. multus, -a, -uin, adj. many, much. munio, 4, build, fortify, protect, defend. munus, -eris, n. gift, present. murus, -I, m. wall. mus, muris, m. mouse. musca, -ae, f. fly. muto, 1, change, alter, exchange. Mysia, -ae, f. a state of Asia Minor. N. nam, conj. for. nanciscor, 3, nactus, obtain, get. nares, -ium, f . plur. nostrils, nose. narro, 1, narrate, relate, tell. nascor, 3, natus, be born. nasus, -1, m. nose. nato, 1, swim, move to and fro, open and shut. natu, adv. by birth. natura, -ae, f. nature, character. VOCABULARY. 171 natus, -I, m. son. (natus, -us), m. birth; maior natu, elder; see maximus and minimus. naufragium, -i, n. shipwreck, loss, destruction; facere, be shipwrecked. nausea, -ae, f. sea-sickness. nauta, -ae, m. sailor. nauticus, -a, -um, adj. naval, nautical, ship-. navigatio, -onis, f . sailing, navi- gation, voyage. navigo, 1, sail, navigate. navis, -is, f. ship, vessel. -ne, interrog. particle, whether. ne, conj. lest, that not ; adv. not ne . . . quidem, not even. nee, conj. and not, neither, nor. necessario, adv. unavoidably* inevitably. necesse, adj. only nom. and ace. inevitable, unavoidable. neco, 1, kill, put to death. nefandus, -a, -um, adj. horrible. neglego, 3, -exi, -ectus, dis- regard, pass by, neglect, omit. negd, 1, deny, say no, refuse. negotium, -!, n. business, affair, task, charge, trouble, effort. nemo, dat. neminl, m. and f. no one, nobody ; Nemo, Nobody. nempe, adv. truly. nemus, -oris, n. wood, grove. nepos, -otis, m. and f. grand- son, grand-daughter, nephew, niece. neque. See nee. Nero, -onis, Nero. nervus, -I, m. sinew, muscle, strength, nerve. nescio, 4, -ivi, — , not know, be unaware ; w. quis, some one, a certain. nescius, -a, -um, adj. ignorant. Nessus, -I, m. Nessus. nidus, -i, m. nest. niger, -gra, -grum, adj. black. nihil, indecl. n. nothing; foil. by part. gen. no; as adv. in no respect, not at all. nihilum, -1, n. not a shred, nothing ; gen. of no value. nimirum, adv. no wonder, with- out doubt, certainly. nimis, adv. too much. nimium, adv. too much, very much, greatly. nisi, conj. unless, if not. msus, -us, m. struggle, effort. nitidus, -a, -um, adj. shining, healthy-looking, sleek, fat. mtor, 3, nisus, strive, push. niveus, -a, -um, adj. snow-white, snowy. nix, nivis, f. snow. nobilis, -e, adj. noble, well-born; as noun, m. noble, lord. noceo, 2, -cui, -citurus, hurt, do harm, injure. noctu, adv. by night. nocturnus, -a, -um, adj. by night, nightly. Nola, -ae, f. Nola. nolo, nolle, nolui, — , be unwil- ling, not wish. no men, -inis, n. name. non, adv. not. nondum, adv. not yet. nonne, interrog. particle, not ? nonnullus, -a, -um, adj. some, several. non-numquam, adv. sometimes, at times. nos, nostrum, we (plur. of ego). noster, -stra, -strum, possess. pron. our, ours ; pi. as noun, our men. noto, 1, mark, notice, observe, perceive, see. notus, -a, -um, adj. known, well-known, familiar. novem, num. adj. indecl. nine. 172 VOCABULARY. no vitas, -atis, f . newness, strange- ness, novelty. novus, -a, -um,adj. new, strange. nox, noctis, f. night. noxia, -ae, f. harm, hurt. nubes, -is, f. cloud. nubo, 3, -psi, -plus, marry ; lit. put on the wedding veil. nudo, 1, strip, lay bare. nudus, -a, -um, adj. naked, bare. nullus, -a, -um, adj. none, no. num, interrog. particle, whether. numero, 1, count, number, pay. numerus, -1, m. number. nummus, -1, m. coin, money. numquam, adv. never, at no time. numquid, interrog. adv. is there anything ? nunc, adv. now, at the present time. nuntid, 1, announce, tell. nuntius, -i, m. messenger, news, tidings. nuper, adv. lately, recently. nuptiae, -arum, f. plur. wed- ding, nuptials. nurus, -us, f . daughter-in-law. nutrix, -icis, f. nurse. mix, nucis, f. nut. nympha, -ae, f. nymph. O. 6, exclamation, O! ob, prep, on account of. obduco, 3, -xi, -ductus, draw over, cover, overspread. obicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw to, give up, cast in the way, ex- pose. obiurgd, 1, chide, rebuke, re- prove, blame. oblatus. See offero. oblino, 3, -levl, -litus, smear over, anoint. oblitus, -a, -um, part, from obll- vlscor, forgetful, unmindful. obliviscor, 3, -litus, forget. oboediens, -entis, adj. com- pliant, obedient. obscuro, 1, darken, cover. obscurus, -a, -um, adj. dark, black. obsecro, 1, implore, beseech, pray, beg. obsero, 1, lock, bolt. observe, 1, observe, watch. obses, -idis, m. and f. hostage. obsideo, 2, -sedi, -sessus, besiege, beset, lay siege to. obsoletus, -a, -um, adj. decayed, worn out, shabby, mean, poor. obstruo, 3, -uxl, -uctus, build up, barricade, bar. obstupefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, astonish, amaze, astound. obtego, 3, -exi, -ectus, cover up, protect, hide, conceal. obtestor, 1, entreat, implore, beseech. obtined, 2, -tinul, -tentus, pos- sess, gain, hold, occupy. obviam, adv. to meet; before one, in face of. obvius, -a, -um, adj. in the way, meeting, to meet. occasio, -onis, f. opportunity, chance, favorable moment. occasus, -us, m. going down, setting, sunset, west. occid5, 3, -cidl, -casus, perish, die. occido, 3, -cldl, -clsus, kill, put to death. occuld, 3, -cului, -cultus, cover, hide. occulto, 1, hide, conceal. occultus, -a, -um, part, con- cealed, hidden; in occulto, in secret. occumbo, 3, -cubul, -cubitum, fall in death, die. VOCABULARY. 173 occupo, 1, seize, hold, take pos- session of. occurro, 3, -curri, -cursus, meet, run up, appear, come upon. oceanus, -I, in. ocean. octo, indec. adj. eight. oculus, -I, m. eye. odium, -1, n. hatred, enmity. odor, -oris, m. smell. odoror, 1, smell, smell out, scent. Oechalia, -ae, f. Oechalia. offendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, strike upon, hit upon, offend, vex. offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus, present, offer, expose. officma, -ae, f . workshop, labora- tory. officium, -I, n. duty, service. oleum. -I, n. oil. olim, adv. once upon a time, once, formerly. omitto, 3, -mis!, -missus, pass by, disregard, omit, neglect. omnmo, adv. wholly, entirely, altogether, absolutely. omnis, -e, adj. all, every; as noun, m. pi. everybody, n. everything. onero, 1, load, burden. •onus, -eris, n. burden. onustus, -a, -um, adj. loaded, laden, freighted. opera, -ae, f. pains, task, help, exertion, effort. operio, 4, -ui, -pertus, cover. opimus, -a. -um, adj. wealthy, rich. opmio, -onis, f. idea, opinion, belief; reputation, renown, name. oportet, 2, -uit, impers. it is necessary, one must, ought. oppidanus, -I, in. townsman. oppidum, -I, n. town. oppono, 3, -posui, -positus, op- pose, resist. opportunus, -a, -um, adj. con- venient, suitable. opprimo, 3, -press!, -pressus, overcome, crush, surprise. oppugno, 1, attack, besiege. (ops), opis, f. aid; often pi. power, might, influence, wealth. opto, 1, wish for, hope for, choose. opus, -eris, n. work, labor, task; work, book. ora, -ae, f. shore, coast. oraculum, -I, n. oracle. oratio, -onis, f. speech, words. orator, -oris, m. speaker, orator. ordo, -inis, m. row ; ex ordine, in succession, one after an- other. oriens, -entis, m. east (rising sun). orior, 4, ortus, spring forth, rise, arise, begin ; orta luce, at daybreak. orno, I, fit out, adorn. oro, 1, beg, pray, entreat, plead. Orpheus, -el, m. a Thracian bard. os, oris, n. mouth, face, lips. os, ossis, n. bone. ostendo, 3, -dl, -tus, show, in- dicate, make known, tell. 5stium, -I, n. door, entrance. ostrum, -1, n. purple. otium, -!, n. ease, leisure, holi- day. ovile, -is, n. sheepfold. ovis, -is, f. sheep. ovum, -1, n. egg ; ab ovo usque ad mala, from beginning to end. P. pabulum, -I, n. food, fodder, sustenance. Padius, -I, m. Padius. paene, adv. almost, nearly. 174 VOCABULARY. palam, adv. openly. pallium, -I, n. cloak, mantle. palma, -ae, f. palm (the tree), palm, prize, victory. palus, -1, m. stake, bar. palus, -Mis, f. marsh, swamp. pando, 3, -dl, passus, spread out, unfold, open. panis, -is, in. bread, loaf. pannosus, -a, -um, adj. ragged, tattered. Panurgius, -1, m. Panurgius. par, pai-is, adj. equal, like, similar. paratus, -a, -um, adj. ready. fitted. parco, 3, pepercl or parsi, par- sus, spare, use sparingly. parcus, -a, -um, adj. thrifty, frugal, sparing. parens, -entis, m. and f . parent. pared, 2, -ul, -itus, obey. paries, -ietis, m. wall. pario, 3, peperi, partus, bring forth, produce. pariter, adv. equally, in like manner. paro, 1, get ready, prepare, build. pars, -tis, 1 part, share, direc- tion, place. partim, adv. partly. parum, adv. little, too little. parumper, adv. for a short time, a moment. parvus, -a, -um, adj. small, little. pasco, 3, pavl, pastus, feed, drive to pasture, tend. pascor, 3, pastus, browse, feed, graze, support one's self. passim, adv. in all directions. passus, -us, m. step, pace; mille passuum, mile. pastor, -oris, m. shepherd. patefacio, 3, -feci, -factus, lay open, throw open. pateo, 2, -ul, — , lie or stand open, be exposed.. pater, -tris, m. father. paternus, -a, -um, adj. o/or be- longing to a father, hereditary. patiens, -entis, adj. enduring, patient. patienter, adv. patiently, hum- bly. patientia, -ae, f. endurance, patience. patior, 3, passus, suffer, allow, permit. patria, -ae, f. country, father- land. patrimonium, -I, n. inheritance, estate. patruus, -i, m. uncle. paucus, -a, -um, adj. few; as noun, pi. a few. paulatim, adv. by degrees, grad- ually. paulisper, adv. for a little while. paulo, adv. a little, shortly. paulum, adv. a little, somewhat. pauper, -eris, adj. poor; as noun, m. a poor man. paupertas, -atis, f. poverty, small means, need, want. pavidus, -a, -um, adj. fearful, timid. pavo, -onis, m. peacock. pavor, -oris, m. fear, alarm. pax, pacis, f. peace, harmony. pectus, -oris, n. breast, soul. peculium, -1, n. private purse, property. pecunia, -ae, f. money. pecus, -oris, n. flock. pecus, -udis, f. cattle. pedes, peditis, m. foot-soldier. Pelias, -ae, m. a mythical king of Thessaly. pellis, pellis, f. skin, hide. pello, 3, pepuli, pulsus, drive. pendeo, 2, pependi, — , hang, hang down. VOCABULARY. 175 penetralia, -ium, n. plur. inte- rior, inner part of a house. penna, -ae, f. feather, wing. per, prep, through, throughout, by means of. perago, 3, -egl, -actus, accom- plish, complete, carry out. percipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, as- sume, feel. percurro, 3, -ri, -sus, run or hasten through, pass through. percutio, 3, -cussi, -cussus, strike, cleave, crush. perdo, 3, -did!, -ditus, lose, throw away, destroy. pereo, -ire, -ii, -itus, perish, die. pererro, 1, wander through. perfero, -ferre, -tull, -latus, carry through, convey, endure, bear. perficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, com- plete, accomplish, execute. perfidus, -a, -um, adj. treacher- ous, faithless, dishonorable. perflo, 1, — , — , flow through or over. perforo, 1, bore, perforate. perfringo, 3, -fregi, -fractus, break in pieces, shatter, com- pletely wreck. perfugio, 3, -fugi, — , flee for refuge. perfugium, -I, n. shelter, refuge. perfungor, 3, -functiis, perform, fulfil. pergo, 3, perrexl, perrectus, continue, go on, go, proceed. periculosus, -a, -urn, adj. dan- gerous. periculum, -I, n. danger, risk. peritus, -a, -um, adj. skilful, expert. perlustro, 1, wander through, mew all over, examine care- fully. permaneo, 2, -mansi, -mansu- rus, remain, continue, persist. perscribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, write at length, describe fully. Persae, -arum, m. Persians. persolvo, 3, -solvi, -solutus, release, pay, give. persona, -ae, f. part, character. persono, 1, -ul, — , resound, re- echo. perspici5, 3, -exi, -ectus, look at, perceive. persuadeo, 2, -si, -sus, persuade, prevail upon, induce. perterreo, 2, — , -itus, frighten thoroughly, frighten. pertinacia, -ae, f. perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness. pertinax, -acis, adj. steadfast, persistent, obstinate. perturbo, 1, disturb, throw into confusion. pervenio, 4, -vem, -ventus, arrive at, reach. pervicacia, -ae, f. stubbornness, inflexibility. pes, pedis, m. foot. pestis, -is, f. plague. peto, 3, -ivl or -ii, -itus, seek, attack, aim at, make for, go to. pharus, -i, f. lighthouse. Phasis, -idis, f. a river flowing into the Black Sea. Philippus, -i, m. Philip. philosophia, -ae, f. philosophy. philosophus, -i, m. philosopher. Phlneus, -ei, m. a blind king of Thrace. Phrixus, -i, m. son of Athamas. Phrygia, -ae, f. Phrygia, a country of Asia Minor. Phyllis, -idis, f. Phyllis. pictus, -a,-um,adj. embroidered. piger, -gra, -gruni, adj. idle, slow, lazy, inactive. piget, 2, -uit, and -itum est, impers. it disgusts, grieves. pinguis, -e, adj. fat, heavy. piscator, -oris, m, fisherman, 176 VOCABULARY. piscis, -is, m. fish. pistor, -Oris, m. baker. pix, picis, f. pitch. placenta, -ae, f. cake. placed, 2, -cul or placitus sum, -citus, please, satisfy. placide, adv. quietly, calmly. place, 1, calm, appease. plaga, -ae, f. net. Plancus, -i, m. Plancus. plaudo, 3, -si, -sus, clap the hands, applaud. plaustrum, -i, n. wagon. plausus, -us, m. clapping, ap- plause, cheering. plebs, -is, f. common people. plenus, -a, -um, adj. full. plerumque, adv. of ten, frequent- ly, for the most part. ploro, 1, bewail, lament, grieve. plurimus, -a, -um, superl. adj. most, very many. plus, adv. more. Plutus, -I, m. Plutus. poculum, -i, n. cup. poena, -ae, f. penalty, punish- ment; sumo poenas, punish ; do poenas, be punished. poenitet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it repents. poeta, -ae, m. poet, bard. polliceor, 2, -itus, promise, bar- gain, engage. Polyphemus, -I, m. a Cyclops. Pompeius, -I, m. Pompey. pomum, -i, n. apple. pondus, -eris, n. weight. pono, 3, posul, positus, place, put, fix; pass, lie, rest, depend. pons, -ntis, m. bridge. porculus, -i, m. sucking pig. porcus, -I, m. hog, swine, pig. porrigo, 3, -rexl, -rectus, stretch out, offer. porta, -ae, f. gate. portentum, -1, n. marvel. porto, 1, carry, take. portus, -us, m. harbor. posco, 3, poposci, — , demand, request, beg for. possum, posse, potui, be able, can. post, prep, after, behind; as adv. afterwards, later. postea, adv. after that, after- wards, then. (posterus), -a, -um, adj. next, following. posthac, adv. afterwards, in future. postis, -is, m. door-post. postquam, conj. after that, after. postremo, adv. at last, finally. postridie, adv. the day after, on the next day. postulo, 1, ask, request, demand. potior, 4, -itus, obtain, acquire, possess. potius, adv. rather, more. prae, prep, before, on account of. praeacutus, -a, -um, adj. sharp- ened at the end, pointed. praebeo, 2, -ul, -itus, offer, fur- nish, give, show. praecaveo, 2, -cavi, -cautus, take care or heed, be on one's guard, beware. praeceps, -cipitis, adj. headlong. praecipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, take in advance, warn, antici- pate, charge, order, bid. praecipito, 1, throw headfirst, hurl down. praecipue, adv. chiefly, more than anything else. praeclarus, -a, -um, adj. cele- brated, famous, excellent. praeda, -ae, f. booty, prey. praedico, 3, -xi, -ictus, foretell, predict. praeditus, -a, -um, part, en- dowed with. praedor, 1, rob, plunder. praefectus, -i, m. governor. VOCABULARY. 177 praeficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, set over, place in command. praelambo, 3, -bl, -bitus, lick first. praemium, -I, n. reward, recom- pense, favor. praemoneo, 2, -ui, -itus, warn beforehand. praerumpo, 3, -rupl, -ruptus, break off. praeruptus, -a, -um, adj. steep. praescribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, ap- . point, advise. praescriptum, -I, n. rule, order. praesens, -entis, adj. instant, immediate, present. praesentia, -ae, f . presence ; in praesentia, for or at the time. praesentio, 4, -sens!, -sensus, feel beforehand, have a pre- sentiment. praeses, -idis, m. and f. pro- tector, guardian. praesidium, -!, n. guard, watch. praestans, -antis, adj. remark- able, conspicuous. praesto, 1, -iti, -itus, stand be- fore, erect, fulfil, show. praesum, -esse, -ful, super- intend, have charge of. praeter, prep, except, besides. praetereo, -Ire, -il, -itus, go by, pass by, escape. praeteritus, -a, -inn, adj. gone by, past. praetermitto, 3, -misi, -missus, let go, pass by, neglect, omit, lose. praetervehor, 3, -vectus, ride by, sail by or ahead. praetor, -oris, m. praetor, chief magistrate. praetorium, -I,n. general's tent. pratum, -I, n. meadow, pasture. preces, -um, f. plur. prayers. prehendo, 3, -di, -ensusj grasp, seize, snatch. premo, 3, pressl, pressus, press, oppress, check, curb, restrain. pretiosus, -a, -um, adj. valuable, costly, expensive. pretium, -1, n. price, value. pridie, adv. on the day before. primo, adv. at first, at the begin- ning. primum, adv. first, in the first place; quam prmmm, as soon as possible. primus, -a, -um, adj.^rsi,/ore- most, chief. princeps, -cipis, adj. foremost, chief; as noun, m. chief, prince. prior, prius, adj. comp. before, former. pristinus, -a, -um, adj. former, early, previous. prius, adv. comp. first, before. priusquam or prius quam, adv. sooner than, before. privatus, -a, -um, adj. private. privo, 1, rob, deprive, bereave. pro, prep, before, for, in return for, in behalf of. probitas, -atis, f . justice, upright- ness. probrum, -I, n. disgrace, re- proach. probus, -a, -um, adj. virtuous, honest. procedo, 3, -cessl, — , go for- ward, advance. procella,- -ae, f. storm, blast, wind. procerus, -a, -um, adj. long, extended. procul, adv. far off, far, a great way. procurro, 3, -cucurrl, -cursus, run forward. prodige, adv. extravagantly. prodigium, -1, n. marvel, miracle. pr5digus, -a, -um, adj. wasteful, extravagant, lavish. 178 VOCABULARY. proditor, -oris, m. traitor. prodo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give forth, betray, deliver up. produce, 3, -xi, -uctus, bring forward, prolong, extend. proelium, -I, n. battle, engage- ment. profecti5, -onis, f. going away, setting out, departure. proficiscor, 3, profectus, set out, start, go away, depart. profundus, -a, -um, adj. deep. progredior, 3, -gressus, advance, proceed, go on. prohibeo, 2, -ul, -itus, prevent, hinder, keep from. proicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw forward, stretch out, let go, give up ; w. se, throw ewe's self, fall prostrate. proinde, adv. accordingly, there- upon, then. prolabor, 3, prolapsus, fall down, slip. proles, -is, f. offspring. promissum, -I, n. promise, pledge. promitto, 3, -mlsi, -missus, en- gage, promise, assure. promo, 3, -mpsl, -mptus, take out, bring forth, produce. promptus, -a,'-um, adj. ready, quick. propello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive forward, propel. propero, 1, hasten, hurry. propinquus, -a, -um, adj. near, neighboring, near by. propono, 3, -posul, -positus, dis- play, offer, propose, suggest. proprius, -a, -um, adj. one's own, special, belonging to. propter, prep, near, hard by, on account of, for. prora, -ae, f. prow, bow. prosequor, 3, -secutus, follow up, pursue, continue, go on, prosilio, 4, -ul, — , leap forth, spring up. prospere, adv. successfully, favorably. prostratus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of prosterno), thrown to the ground, cast down. prosum, prodesse, -ful, do good to, benefit, serve. protinus, adv. forthwith, direct- ly, at once. proveho, 3, -vexl, -vectus, carry forward; pass, advance, pro- ceed, progress. provoco, 1, challenge, invite. provolo, I, fly forth. provolvo, 3, -volvl, -volutus, roll forward. proximus, -a, -um, superl. adj. last, nearest, next. prudentia, -ae, f. prudence, foresight. publicus, -a, -um, adj. public. pudet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it shames. pudicus, -a, -um, adj. modest. pudor, -oris, m. shame, modesty. puella, -ae, f. girl. puer, -I, m. boy. piigna, -ae, f . fight, battle. pugno, I, fight, contend. pugnus, -I, m.fist.. pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj. fair, pretty, beautiful. pullus, -I, m. chicken, young. pulso, 1, beat, knock. pulvis, -eris, m. dust. punctus, -us, m. prick, sting. pungo, 3, pupugi, punctus, prick, pierce. punio, 4, punish, chastise. purgo, 1, excuse, clear. purpureus, -a, -um, adj. purple. puteus, -!, m. well, pit. puto, 1, think, consider, believe. putridus, -a, -um, adj. rotten, 1 decayed. VOCABULARY. 179 Q qua, adv. where. quadrigae, -arum, f. plur. four- horse chariot. quaero, 3, -slvi, -situs, seek, hunt for, inquire, ask. quaeso, 3, — , — , pray, beg, beseech. qualis, -e, pron. of what sort, what. quam, adv. how, as; with com- parative, than ; with superla- tive, as possible; quam celer- rime, as quickly as possible. quamobrem, adv. on which ac- count, why, therefore. quamquam, adv. although. quantum, adv. how far, to what extent, how. quantus, -a, -um, adj. how great ? w. tantus, so great ... as. quartus, -a, -um, adj. fourth. quasi, adv. as if, just as if. quattuor, adj. four. -que, conj. and. quercus, -us, f. oak. querela, -ae, f. complaint. queror, 3, questus, complain. questus, -us, m. complaint. qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj. who ? which ? what ? qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. who, which. quia, conj. because. quicumque, pron. whoever. quidam, quaedam, quoddarn or quiddam, pron. a certain man. quidem, adv. indeed; ne qui- dem, not even. quies, -etis, f . rest, freedom. quin, conj. but that, from. quingenti, -ae, -a, num. adj. five hundred. quinquaginta, num. adj. fifty. qumque, num. adj. five. quis, quae, quid, pron. who ? what ? w. si or ne, indef. any one, any. quisquam, — , quid (quic) quam, indef. pron. any one, any one at all. quisque, quaeque, quodque, or quicque, pron. each. quo, adv. whither. quod, conj. because. quomodo, adv. how? in what manner ? quondam, adv. once upon a time, formerly. quoque, conj. also. quot, adj. indecl, how many? as. quotiens, adv. as often as, as many times as. radicitus, adv. by the roots, utterly. radius, -I, m. ray. radix, -Icis, f. root. ramus, -!, m. branch. rapidus, -a, -um, adj. swift, rushing, quick. rap ma, -ae, f. robbery, plunder, rapine. rapio, 3, -ul, raptus, seize, snatch up, carry off. raptim, adv. hurriedly, hastily. rapum, -I, n. turnip. ratio, -onis, f. reason, method, plan, way, manner. ratis, -is, f. ship, raft. raucus, -a, -um, adj. hoarse, discordant. recedo, 3, -eessi, -cessus, retire, go back, give up. recenseo, 2, -sul, — , review, muster, survey. recessus, -us, m. corner, inner room. 180 VOCABULARY. recipio, 3, -c6pl, -ceptus, re- cover, regain; w. se, retreat, withdraw ; animum recipere, to recover the senses. recreo, 1, refresh, revive, restore. recte, adv. rightly, justly. rectus, -a, -urn, adj. in a straight line, straight, direct. recumbo, 3, -cubui, — , lie down, sink down. recupero, 1, recover, regain, be restored to. recurro, 3, -currl, — , run back, retire, return (to), w. ad, rejoin. recuso, 1, refuse, decline, reject. reddo, 3, -did!, -ditus, give, give back, render, restore. redeo, -Ire, -ii, -itus, go back, return. redigo, 3, -egl, -actus, reduce, compel, force, bring. reditus, -us, m. return. reduc5, 3, -xl, -ductus, bring back, restore, bring. redux, reducis, adj. returned, come back. refer5, referre, rettull, relatus, relate, refer, bring back, re- turn, repay; pedem, retreat, withdraw. reficio, 3, -feel, -fectus, repair, regain, restore, renew. refugio, 3, -f Cigl, — , turn back, flee for refuge. refulgeo, 2, -si, — , shine, gleam, glisten. regia, -ae, f. palace. regma, -ae, f. queen. regid, -onis, f. country, district, land. regius, -a, -um, adj. royal, king's. regno, 1, rule, reign, govern. regnum, -I, n. kingdom, throne. rego, 3, rexl, rectus, rule, reign, govern. regredior, 3, regressus, go back, return. reicio, 3, -led, -iectus, throw or send back. relego, 1, banish, expel. relinquo, 3, -IquI, -ictus, leave, abandon. reliquus, -a, -um, adj. remain- ing ; as noun, m. pi. the rest, those remaining. remedium, -I, n. remedy, cure. remigo, 1, — , — , ply the oar, row. remitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send back, remit, remove, pardon, forgive. removed, 2, -movl, -niotus, move back, pass., withdraw, pass, disappear. remus, -I, m. oar. renovo, 1, renew. renuntio, 1, report, declare, an- nounce. repello, 3, -ppull, -pulsus, drive away, cast down, deprive. repente, adv. suddenly, unex- pectedly. reperio, 4, repperl, repertus, find, discover, devise. repertor, -oris, m. discoverer, inventor. repeto, 3, -IvI, -Itus, seek again, resume, exact, return to. repleo, 2, -evl, -etus, Jill up, fill to the brim. repono, 3, -posul,-positus, replace, restore, put away, store, keep. reporto, 1, carry back, gain, carry off. repudio, 1, put away, separate from, cast off. repugno, I, fight against, resist. requies, -etis, f. rest, quiet. requiesco, 3, -evl, -etus, rest. res, rei, f. thing, matter, cir- cumstance, condition ; as adv. re vera, in truth, really. VOCABULARY. 181 resero, 1, unlock, open. resided, 2, -sedl, — , remain, be left, stay. resisto, 3, -stiti, — , make op- position, resist, oppose. resono, 1, -avl, — , resound, echo. responded, 2, -dl, -sus, answer. responsum, -I, n. answer, advice, oracle. respublica, rel-publicae, f. state. respuo, 3, -ui, — , spit out, • reject, refuse. restituo, 3, -ui, -utus, restore, replace, reestablish. resurgo, 3, -surrexl, -surrectus, rise again, be revived. retineo, 2, -tinui, -tentus, hold back, detain, restrain, prevent. reus, -1, m. prisoner, culprit. revenio, 4, -veni, -ventus, come back, return. re vera, in truth. See res. revertor, 3, -versus, turn back, come back, return. rex, regis, m. king. Rhenus, -I, m. Ehine. Ricardus, -I, m. Richard. rideo, 2, risl, rlsus, laugh at, laugh. rigeo, 2, — , — , be numb, stiffen. rigidus, -a, -urn, adj. stiff, hard, rough. rima, -ae, f. crack, chink. ripa, -ae, f. bank, shore. risus, -us, m. laugh, laughter. rixor, 1, quarrel, dispute. Robertus, -I, in. Robert. robur, -oris, n. hardwood, oak. rodo, 3, -si, -sus, gnaw. rogo, 1, ask, inquire. rogus, -I, m. funeral pile, pyre. Rollo, -onis, m. Rollo. Romanus, -a, -um, adj. Roman; as noun, m. the Romans. Roscius, -I, m. Roscius. roseus, -a, -um, adj. rosy. rostrum,-!, n. beak. rumpo, 3, rupi, ruptus, break, burst . ruo,. 3, nil, rutus or ruitus, rush forth, rush. riipes, -is, f. rock, cliff. riirsus, adv. back again, once more, again. riis, ruris, n. country. riisticus, -a, -um, adj. of the country, country-; as noun, m. countryman, peasant. saccus, -1, m. sack, bag. sacer, -era, -crum, adj. holy, sacred; as noun, m. pi. sacred rites. sacerdos, -dotis, m. and f. priest. sacra. See sacer. sacrificium, -1, n. sacrifice. saepe, adv. often, frequently. saevus, -a, -um, adj. cruel, sav- age, fierce. sagitta, -ae, f. arrow. Sagittarius, -1, m. archer. Salmydessus, -1, f. a town in Thrace, saltern, adv. at least, at all events, anyhow. salto, 1, jump, dance. (saltus, -us) m. leap, bound. saltus, -us, m. wood, glade. salubris, -bre, adj. healthy, sound. salus, -utis, f. health, safety, welfare. saluto, 1, greet, welcome. salve, good-day, welcome. (salveo), 2, — , —, be well; sal- vere iubeo, welcome. salvus, -a, -um, adj. unhurt, well, safe, sound. sanguineus, -a, -um, adj. bloody. sanguis, -inis, m. blood. sano, 1, cure, heal. 182 VOCABULARY. sanus, -a, -um, adj. healthy, well. sapiens, -entis, adj. wise, dis- creet, sensible. sapientia, -ae, f . wisdom, knowl- edge, intelligence. Sarracenus, -1, m. Saracen. sartor, -oris, m. cobbler. satis, adv. enough. satyrus, -i, m. satyr. saucius, -a, -uin, adj. wounded. saxum, -1, n. stone, rock. scando, 3, -di, -ansus, climb. scapha, -ae, f . light boat, skiff. sceleratus, -a, -um, adj. wicked, impious. scelus, -eris, n. crime, wicked- ness. scientia, -ae, f. knowledge, ex- perience, skill. scindo, 3, (-id!), -issus, tear, separate, cut. scio, 4, -ivi, -itus, know, under- stand, perceive. scipio, -onis, m. stick. scopulus, -I, m. rock, cliff, ledge. Scoti, -orum, m. Scots. scribo, 3, -psl, -ptus, write; (of troops), levy. scriptor, -oris, m. writer, author. scrutor, 1, examine carefully. Scythia, -ae, f. Scythia. se, pron. reflex, himself, her- self, itself, themselves; inter se, one another. See sul. secedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, go apart or away, wander, stray. secundum, prep, after, along, according to. secundus, -a, -um, adj. second, favorable, successful. securis, -is, f. axe. securus, -a, -um, adj. careless, safe. secus, adv. otherwise. sed, conj. but. sedeo, 2, sedl, sessum, sit, be seated. sedes, -is, f. seat, dwelling. seditio, -onis, f. revolt, quarrel. seditiosus, -a, -um, adj. mu- tinous. sedulus, -a, -um, adj. careful, zealous. seges, -etis, f. corn-field. segnis, -e, adv. slow, slothful. segnitia, -ae, f. slowness. semel, adv. once. semianimis, -e, adj. half-dead. semianimus, -a, -um, adj. half- dead, half-alive. semper, adv. ever, always. senectus, -tutis, f. old age. senex, senis, adj. old, aged; as noun, m. old man. sensus, -us, in. feeling, opinion, view, consciousness. sententia, -ae, f . intention, mind, purpose, desire, wish. sentio, 4, sensl, sensus, feel, see, notice, perceive. sepelio, 4, sepellvi, sepultus, bury, inter. septem, num. adj. seven. septentriones, -um, m. north. septimus, -a, -um, adj. seventh. sepulcrum, -i, n. tomb, burial- place. sepultura, -ae, f. burial. sequor, 3, secutus, follow, give chase, pursue. serenus, -a, -um, adj. clear, calm, unruffled. sermo, -onis, m. conversation, talk, discourse ; serere ser- monem, talk, converse. sero, 3, sevi, satus, sow;, plant. sero, 3, — , sertus, sew, bind, join. sero, adv. late. serpens, -entis, f . serpent, snake. servo, 1, keep, save, preserve. servus, -T, m. slave, servant. seu, conj. whether. severus, -a, -um, adj. stern, se- vere. VOCABULARY. 183 sex, num. adj. six. sexcenti, -ae, -a, adj. six hun- dred. Used of any large number, thousands. si, conj. if, in case. sic, adv. so, thus. Sicilia, -ae, f. Sicily. sicut or sicutl, just as, as. signum, -I, n. sign, standard. silens, -entis, adj. silent, still. silenter, adv. silently, quietly. sileo, 2, -ul, — , be silent, be still. silva, -ae, f . wood, forest. silvestris, -e, adj. woody, wood- land. simia, -ae, f. monkey. simius, -I, in. monkey. simul, adv. together, at same time; w. ac, as sow as. simulo, 1, pretend, feign, rep- resent, imitate. sine, prep, without. singillatim, adv. singly, one by one. singularis, -e, adj. remarkable. singuli, -ae, -a, adj. one to each, one apiece, each. sino, 3,sivl, situs, alhw, permit. Sinon, -onis, m. Sinon. sinus, -us, m. b^s^m. sisto, 3. stitl, status, stop, stay, check. sitiens, -entis, adj. thirsty. sitis, -is, f. thirst. sive, conj. whether; slve seu, whether ... or. societas, -atis, f . alliance, league. socius, -1, m. ally, partner, com- panion. sol, solis, m. sun. solea, -ae, f. shoe. soleo, 2, -itus, semi-dep. be wont, be accustomed. Solimanus, -I, m. Soliman. solitus, -a, -urn, part, soleo. solium, -1, n. throne. sollemnis, -e, adj. solemn, ap- pointed, common. sollicitudo, -inis, f. anxiety, care. sollicitus, -a, -urn, adj. anxious, disturbed, troubled. solum, adv. only. solum, -1, n. soil, ground. solus, -a, -urn, adj. alone, only. solvo, 3, solvl, solutus, loose, unbind, weigh anchor, set sail, pay. somnium, -I, n. dream. somnus, -1, m. sleep. sonitus, -us, m. sound, noise. sono, 1, -ul, -itus, sound, make a noise. sonorus, -a, -um, adj. noisy, loud, resounding. sonus, -I, m. sound, noise. sopor, -oris, m. sleep, slumber. sordidus, -a, -um, adj. dirty, unclean, foul. soror, -oris, f. sister. sors, -rtis, f. lot, drawing of lot, decision. sortior, 4, cast lots, draw lots. spargo, 3, -si, -sus, strew, scat- ter, sprinkle. Spartacus, -i, m. Spartacus. spatium, -I, n. space, distance. species, -el, f. figure, kind, ap- pearance. spectaculum, -1, n. sight. specto, 1, look at, look, face, front. spelunca, -ae, f. cave, cavern, den. sperno, 3, sprevl, spretus, de- spise, reject, scorn. spero, 1, hope, expect. spes, -el, f. hope. spiritus, -us, m. breath. splendide, adv. magnificently. splendidus, -a, -um, adj. splen- did, fine, handsome, magnif- icent. 184 VOCABULARY. spolio, 1, rob, deprive, steal. (spons, -ontis), f. only abl. sing. ; w. sua, of one's own accord, voluntarily. sponsa, -ae, f. betrothed, sweet- heart. sponsus, -I, m. betrothed, lover. spuma, -ae, f. foam, lather. stabulum, -1, n. stable, stall. stagnum, -1, n. pond. statim,adv. immediately, at once. static, -onis, f. position, post, picket-duty. statuo, 3, -ui, -utus, stop, halt, decide, conclude, determine. stella, -ae, f. star. sto, 1, stetl, status, stand, take position, stop. stolidus, -a, -urn, adj. stupid, dull. strenuus, -a, -um, adj. vigorous, active, courageous. strepitus, -us,m. noise, rustling. stridor, -oris, m. squeaking. stringo, 3, -inxi, -ictus, draw, unsheathe. struo, 3, -uxi, -uctus, build, de- vise, arrange. studium, -I, n. desire, zeal, pur- suit, study, practice. stultitia, -ae, f. folly. stultus, -a, -um, adj. foolish, stupid, simple. stupefacio, 3, -feel, -factus, astonish, stun. stupens, -entis, adj. astounded, amazed, struck with astonish- ment. suavis, -e, adj. sweet, delightful. sub, prep, under, close to. subduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus, with- draw, remove from under, steal; draw up, reach. subeo, -ire, -ii, -itus. undergo, submit to, sustain, endure. subici5, 3, -ieci, -iectus, throw or place under. subito, adv. suddenly. subitus, -a, -um, adj. sudden, unexpected. sublevo, 1, raise, lift, support. submerge, 3, -si, -sus, sink, overwhelm, submerge. submoveo, 2, -niovi, -motus, remove, supplant. subsidium, -1, n. help, aid, protection. succedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus, come up, succeed, follow. successus, -us, m. success. sucus, -I, m. juice, sap. suffoco, 1, -avi, — , choke, strangle. suffragium, -I, n. vote, ballot. sui, sibi, se, reflex, pron. him- self, herself, itself, etc. sum, esse, ful, — , am, be. summus, -a, -um, sup. adj. highest; summus mons, the top of the hill. sumo, 3, sumpsi, sumptus, take, take up, seize, exact, injlict. sumptus, -us, m. expense. super, prep, over, above. superbia, -ae, f. pride. superbus, -a, -um, adj. proud, haughty. superior, comp. adj. higher, preceding. supero, 1, surpass, conquer, overcome. supersum, -esse, -ful, survive, remain. suppeto, 3, -Ivi, -itus, be equal to, suffice. suppleo, 2, -evi, -etus, flU up. supplex, -icis, adj. suppliant. supplicium, -I, n. punishment. suppono, 3, -posul, -positus, place under, apply. supra, adv. above, beyond, be- fore. supremus, -a, -um, adj. superl. highest, latest, last, final. VOCABULARY. 185 surdus, -a, -urn, adj. deaf, heed- less. surgo, 3, surrexi, surrectus, rise, swell, surge. sus, suis, m. and f. pig. suscipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus, un- dertake, incur. suscit5, 1, arouse. suspendo, 3, -dl, -ensus, hang. suspicpr, I, suspect, mistrust. suspicio, -onis, f. suspicion. sustineo, 2, -tinul, -tentus, sustain, endure. susurrus, -us, m. whisper. suus, -a, -um, poss. adj. his own, their own. Symplegades, -um, f. danger- ous rocks in the Euxine Pontus. T. taberaa, -ae, f. shop, booth. tabernaculum, -1, n. tent. tabesco, 3, -bul, — , pine, waste away. taceo, 2, -cui, -citus, be silent. tacite, adv. silently, quietly. tacitus, -a, -um, adj. silent, meditating. taedet, 2, -uit, — , impers. it disgusts, wearies. taenia, -ae, f. ribbon. taeter, -tra, -trum, adj. repul- sive, hideous, horrid. talentum, -i, n. talent. tails, -e, adj. such. tarn, adv. so very, so. tam-diu, adv. so long. tamen, conj. nevertheless, but. tamquam, adv. just as, like as. tandem, adv. at length, at last, finally ; in questions, pray ? tango, 3, tetigi, tactus, touch, strike. tantus, -a, -um, adj. so great, as much, such; n. as adv. only, merely, so much. tardus, -a, -um, adj. slow. Tarentum, -I, n. Tarentum. taurus, -i, m. butt. tectum, -1, n. roof, house, palace. tego, 3, texl, tectus, cover, con- ceal. telum, -I, n. dart, weapon. temere, adv. rashly, thought- tempestas, -atis, f. storm, weather. templum, -I, n. temple. tempus, -oris, n. time, occasion. tendo, 3, tetendl, tentus or ten- sus, stretch, draw, bend, aim. tenebrae, -arum, f. darkness. teneo, 2, tenul, — , hold, keep to, follow, keep back, restrain. tener, -era, -erum, adj. tender, delicate. tento, 1, try, attempt, attack. tenuis, -e, adj. meagre, tltin, light. ter, adv. thrice. tergum, -1, n. back. termino, 1, bound, limit. tero, 3, trlvi, trltus, rub. terra, -ae, f. earth, land. terreo, 2, -ul, — , alarm, frighten. terribilis, -e, adj. dreadful. frightful. territus, -a, -um, adj. frightened. terror, -oris, m. fear, fright, alarm. tertius, -a, -um, adj. third. testis, -is, m. and f . witness. Thebae, -arum, f. Thebes, the greatest city of Boeotia, thermae, -arum, f. baths. thesaurus, -l,m. treasure, hoard. Theseus, -ei, m. a mythical king of Athens. Thessalia, -ae, f. a country in the northeastern part of Greece. Thracia, -ae, f. a country north- east of Greece. 186 VOCABULARY. tibia, -ae, f . pipe, flute. tiblcen, -inis, m. piper, flute- player. tigris, -is or idis, m. or f . tiger. timed, 2, -ul, — , /ear, be afraid, dread. Timon. -onis, m. Timon. timor, -oris, m. /ear, dread, alarm. tingo, 3, -nxi, -mctus, dye, tinge. Titus, -I, m. Titus. toga, -ae, f . toga, cloak, an outer garment made of a single piece of cloth. tolero, 1, endure, bear. tollo, 3, sustuli, sublatus, raise, set up ; ancoras, weigh , hoist ; take away, remove. tondeo, 2, totondl, tonsus, cut, shave. tonsor, -oris, m. barber. torqueo, 2, torsi, tortus, twist, turn. torquis, -is, m. necklace, chain. torreo, 2, torrul, tostus, burn, bake, cook. torvus, -a, -um, adj. grim, fierce, savage. tostus, -a, -um, part, torreo. tot, adj. indecl. so many. totus, -a, -um, adj. all, the whole. trabs, trabis, f. beam, timber. tracto, 1 , handle, feel of. trado, 3, -didl, -ditus, hand over, deliver up, surrender; recount, tell. traho, 3, traxi, tractus, draw, drag. Traianus, -i, m. Tray. traicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus, carr^ across, transport. trano. 1, swim across. tranquille, adv. quietly. tranquillitas, -atis, f. calmness, stillness, calm, quiet. tranquillus, -a, -um, adj. quiet, calm, still. trans, prep, across, beyond, on the other side of. transeo, -ire, -il, -itus, cross over, cross. transfigo, 3, -xl, -xus, pierce through, stab. transfodio, 3, -fodi, -fossus, pierce through, run through, stab. transmitto, 3, -misl, -missus, cross, send over. transports, 1, carry across. transvolo, I, fly across. trecenti, -ae, -a, num. adj. three hundred. tres, tria, num. adj. three. tribuo, 3, -ui, -utus, give, bestow, assign, render. tributum, -I, n. tribute. triginta, num. adj. thirty. tristia, -ae, f. sadness, grief, gloom. tristis, -e, f. sad, gloomy, mel- ancholy. Troia, -ae, f. Troy. truncus, -!, m. trunk. tu, pron. you, thou. tuba, -ae, f. trumpet. tubicen, -inis, m. trumpeter. turn, adv. then. tumultus, -us, m. tumult, up- roar, confusion. tumulus, -1, m. mound, bank of earth, dike. tunica, -ae, f. tunic, shirt. turba, -ae, f. crowd, throng. turbo, 1, disturb, throw into confusion. turbo, -inis, m. whirlwind, hur- ricane. turbulentus, -a, -um, adj. troublesome, boisterous, dis- ordered. turpis, -e, adj. base, disgraceful. turris, -is, f. tower. tussis, -is, f. cough, tutus, -a, -um, adj. safe, secure. VOCABULARY. 187 tuus, -a, -urn, poss. adj. your, yours. ubi, adv. where, where? when. ubique, adv. everywhere. udus. -a, -urn, adj. wet, moist. ulciscor, 3, ultus, avenge one's self or take vengeance on, _ punish. Ulixes, -i or -el, Ulysses. ullus, -a, -um, adj. any. ulterior, -us, comp. ad], further. ultimus, -a, -um, adj. farthest, last, latest. ultra, adv. beyond, past. (ululatus, -us), m. howling, crying. umbra, -ae, f. shade, shadow. umerus, -i, m. shoulder. umquam, adv. ever. una, adv. together with. unda, -ae, f. wave. unde, adv. from which, whence. undecim, num. adj. eleven. undique, adv. from all parts, all around, everywhere. unguentum, -i, n. ointment. unguis, -is, abl. -e, m. nail, claw, talon. unguo or ungo, 3, unxi, unctus, smear, rub, anoint. unicus, -a, -um, adj. single. universus, -a, -um, adj. all to- gether. unus, -a, -um, num. adj. one. urbanus, -a, -um, adj. of the city, city-, town-. urbs, -bis, f. city. urged, 2, ursi, — , press on, drive. urd, 3, tissi, ustus, burn, con- sume, dry, parch. ursa, -ae, f. she-bear. usque, adv. up to. usus, -us, *m. use, value, service. ut, conj., with indie, as, when ; with subj. in order that, so that. uter, -tris, m. leather bottle, skin (of wine). uter, -tra, -tram, interrog. adj. which of two ? uterque, utra-, utrum-, adj. each of two, each, both. utilis, -e, adj. useful, suitable. utilitas, -at is, f. advantage, benefit, welfare. utinam, adv. would that. utor, 3, usus, use, employ ; sail. utrimque, adv. on both sides, one on each side. utrum, adv. whether. uxor, -oris, f. wife. vacca, -ae, f. cow. vacuus, -a, -um, adj. empty, idle. vado, 3, — , — , walk, go. vadum, -I, n. ford, shallow. vagor, 1, wander, rove. valde, adv. strongly, intensely, very. valeo, 2, -ul, -iturus, be strong, be able, well, have power, suc- ceed ; vale, good-bye. validus, -a, -um, adj. strong, stout, powerful. vallis, -is, f. valley. vallum, -i, n. rampart, wall, barricade. vanus, -a, -um, adj. empty, groundless. varius, -a, -um, adj. of different colors, different, diverse. Varus, -i, m. Varus. vas, vasis, n. vessel, pot (pi. vasa, -orum) , jar. vasto, 1, ravage, lay waste, ruin. vastus, -a, -um, adj. waste, im- mense. 188 VOCABULARY. vehementer, adv. violently, eagerly, earnestly, strongly. veho, 3, vexl, vectus, carry, convey ; pass, ride, sail. Veil, -orum, m. Veil. vellus, -eris, n. pelt, fleece. velum, -i, n. sail. velut or veluti, adv. just as,as if. venatio, -onis, f. hunting. venator, -oris, m. hunter. vendo, 3, -did!, -ditus, sell. venenum, -I, n. poison, magic drug. venia, -ae, f. grace, pardon, for- giveness. venio, 4, vem, ventus, come. venor, 1, hunt. venter, -tris, m. belly. ventus, -I, m. wind. ver, veris, n. spring. (verber), -eris, n. lash, whip, blow. verbero, 1, lash, beat, strike. verbum, -I, n. word. vereor, 2, veritus, fear, be afraid. vero, adv. indeed, in fact, how- ever, but. Verres, -is, m. Verres. verro, 3, — , — , brush, sweep. verso, 1, turn; pass, be engaged, be. verto, 3, verti, versus, turn, turn back. veru, -us, n. spit (for roasting). verum, adv. truly, but, yet. verus, -a, -um, adj. true; adv. phrase, re vera, in very truth, actually, in fact. vesanus, -a, -um, adj. mad, wild, maddening, raging' vescor, 3, — , enjoy, eat, feed. vesper, -erl and -eris, m. even- ing. vesperi, adv. in the evening. vester, -tra, -trum, poss. adj. your, yours. vestigium, -I, n. footstep, trace. vestimentum, -i, n. garment. vestio, 4, dress, clothe. vestis, -is, f. garment, robe. veto, 1, -ul, -itus, forbid. vexo, 1, injure, annoy, molest. via, -ae, f. way, street, road, gap, path, drive. viator, -oris, m. traveller. vicmus, -a, -um, adj. neighbor- ing ; as noun, m. neighbor. victor, -oris, m. conqueror. victoria, -ae, f. victory. victus, -us, m. nourishment, sustenance, food. vicus, -i, m. village, hamlet, district, street. video, 2, vidi, visus, see, perceive. videor, 2, visus, seem, appear. viduus, -a, -um, adj. widowed, bereft. vigilanter, adv. watchfully, carefully. vigilantia, -ae, f. watchfulness. vigilia, -ae, f. wakefulness, watch, guard. vigilo, 1, watch, guard. viginti, num. adj. twenty. vilis, -e, adj. cheap, worthless. villa, -ae, f. country house, villa, farm. vimen, -inis, n. pliant twig, withe, osier. vincio, 4, vinxi, vinctus, tie, bind, fetter. vinco, 3, vlci, victus, conquer, vanquish. vinculum, -I, n. chain, bond. vindico, 1, lay claim to, demand, appropriate. vinum, -I, n. wine. violentia, -ae, f.fury, vehemence. viold, 1, profane, dishonor, violate, break. vir, virl, m. man, husband. virga, -ae, f. rod, stick. virgo, -inis, f. maiden, girl, VOCABULARY. 189 virgultum, -I, n. thicket, shrub- bery. viridis, -e, adj. green. virilis, -e, adj. manly, man's. virtus, -utis, f. courage, vir- tue. vis (vis), i. force, power, might, violence ,- pi. vires, -ium, powers, strength. viso, 3, -si, -sus, see, view, go to see, visit. visus, -us, m. sight, vision, ap- pearance. vita, -ae, f. life. vitium, -I, n. fault, defect. vito, 1, avoid, shun. vitulus, -I, m. calf. vivo, 3, vlxi, — , live, dwell, reside. vivus, -a, -um, adj. alive, living. vix, adv. hardly, scarcely. voco, 1, call, summon, invite. Volcanus, -I, m. Vulcan, god of fire. volg5, 1, publish, proclaim. volgo, adv. publicly, before all the world. volito, I, fly to and fro, flit about, hover. volnero, 1, wound, injure, hurt. volnus, -eris, n. wound, injury, hurt. volo, I, fly. volo, velle, volul, — , wish, be willing. volpes, -is, f. fox. voltur, -uris, m. vulture. voltus, -us, m. face, counte- nance, looks, expression, eyes. volucer, -cris, -ere, adj. winged ; as noun, f. (sc. avis), flying creature, bird. voluptas, -atis, f. pleasure, choice. volvo, 3, volvi, volutus, roll, ponder, meditate. vos, pi. of tu, you. votum, -I, n. vow, prayer, wish. vox, vocis, f. voice. Zend, -onis, m. Zeno, a philos- opher. Zephyrus, -I, m. zephyr, a gentle west wind. Zetes, -ae, m. an Argonaut, son of the north wind. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW i 8 OCT 9 . APR 1 3 1951 1956 LJ< REC'D L| JUN5 '65-1 AM 30m-6,'14 U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES