„ OL | 461
Mtomologische Fo rbeiten
AUS DEM MUSEUM
G. FREY
TUTZING BEIMÜNCHEN
(Internat. Abk.: Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey) GW ISSN 0013-8819
Band 35/36
1987
Mit Unterstützung des Vereins zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten
auf dem Gebiet der Entomologıe e.V.
Schriftleiter: Dr. G. Scherer
Im Selbstverlag des Vereins zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Entomologie e.V.
nlom ologisch p Arbeiten
AUS DEM MUSEUM
G. FREY TUTZING BEIMÜNCHEN
(Internat. Abk.: Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey) GW ISSN 0013-8819
Band 35/36
1987
Mit Unterstützung des Vereins zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten
auf dem Gebiet der Entomologie e. V.
Schriftleiter: Dr. G. Scherer
Im Selbstverlag des Vereins zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Entomologie e.V.
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Ausgabedatum: 15. Dezember 1987
INHALT
des 35./36. Bandes 1987
Baehr, M.: Revision of the Australian Dromiine ground beetles, formerly placed in the genus Microlestes Schmidt-Göbel (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiinae) ..........
Bremer, H. ]J.: Eine neue Art der Gattung Leleupium Kaszab 1956 (Col., Tenebrionidae, EL Era A ee Be PL Mich
Hüdepohl, K.-E.: Die philippinischen Arten der Gattung Cylindrepomus Blanchard Werambyeidae, Lamiinae, Dorcaschematini.. AM.arı a... ae eher:
Hüdepohl, K.-E.: Nachtrag zur Revision der Trachyderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambyannae).2% Me ea RE ER N ee
Hüdepohl, K.-E.: The Longhorn Beetles of the Philippines (Cerambycidae, Prioninae). Pat Is Akomaegengi a Are Ar Ba BE RER EN RE GE ERSE ER
Irmler, U.: New neotropical species of the genus Holotrochus and the new genus Mimo- Bochmsj(@oleoptera, Staphylinidae),. u... Tr. a. ea
Kögel, F.: Zur Biologie und zur Ökologie von Rhantus consputus Strm. (Coleoptera, DISC A ee A et
Lanteri, A. et al.: Aplicaciön de tecnicas nume£ricas al estudio sistemätico del grupo de Asynonychus durius (Germar) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) ................
Martin-Piera, F.: Review of the Genus Chironitis Landsberge, 1875. I. Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Palaearctic Species (Col. Scarabaeidae, Onitini) .
Nagel, P.:Eossil Ant Nest Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae) ............. Scherer, G.:'The Genus Torodera Weise (Coleoptera- Chrysomelidae-Alticinae) .....
21
rt]
78)
199
DA
203 137
Dy
NL
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 5
Zur Biologie und Ökologie von Rhantus consputus Sram.
(Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Von Friedrich Kögel, München
Abstract
Rhantus consputus ıs a central and eastern European species. Though the Upper Rhine Valley is the most western point of distribution, there are big populations of R. consputus in certain habıtats of this region. These are expecially astatic ponds near the river, which are flooded at high water-level and dry up completely during a great part of the year. For R. consputus it is possible to develop ın these habitats because of a very short embryonal and larval period. This means that in July/August there are only 16 days from the flooding of a pool until the larvae are ready to pupate. This includes the time for Rhantus imagines to find the pools and to lay eggs. Imagines as well as larvae prefer the larvae of Aedes vexans as food. Alternatively to Aedes the Rhantus larvae preyed only few Clado- cera; Ostracoda or Asellus aguaticus were not eaten, if there were enough mosquito larvae to be found. Observations in nature have brought the same results. This means that R. consputus is adapted to the life cycle of Aedes vexans. It is able to develop at the same places ın the same short time than the mosquito and to feed nearly exclusively on the larvae of Aedes vexans.
Einleitung
Obwohl die faunistischen, biologischen und ökologischen Kenntnisse ständig an- wachsen, sind wir noch weit davon entfernt, auch nur annähernd vollständig über die mitteleuropäische Flora und Fauna berichten zu können. Vielmehr werden sich unsere Untersuchungen auch in Zukunft stets nur auf bestimmte Gruppen, bestimmte Regionen oder bestimmte Phänomene beziehen können. Je zahlreicher solche Einzeluntersuchun- gen werden, desto vollständiger können freilich auch die Gesamtaspekte beurteilt wer- den.
Schwieriger noch als faunistische Kartierungen gestalten sich dabei Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Okologie bestimmter Arten. Sie erfordern meist eine längere Zeit- spanne, intensive Freilandbeobachtungen und die Kombination unterschiedlicher Me- thoden. In einer Zeit, in der auch in der Wissenschaft der Zwang zu kurzfristigen, zeit- lich, räumlich und nicht zuletzt finanziell zielorientierten Programmen deutlich spürbar ist, können derartige Vorhaben leider nur selten realisiert werden. So mages bezeichnend sein, daß unsere heutigen Kenntnisse über die Biologie und Okologie der Arten meist auf
6 Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen aus dem vorigen und dem Beginn unseres Jahrhun- derts basieren.
Heute finden wir eine Situation vor, in der eine ganze Reihe von Arten durch unter- schiedlichste Umwelteinflüsse und -zerstörungen verschwinden, ohne daß wir bisher über die Lebensweise dieser Arten hinreichend informiert wären. So ist jeder Ansatz, der zur Klärung derartiger Fragen beiträgt, grundsätzlich zu begrüßen. Auch vorliegende Arbeit möchte sıch in diesem Sinne verstanden sehen. Die beschriebene Art, Rhantus consputus, gilt in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als bedroht (Geiser et al. 1984), auch hier, wie so oft, wegen einer gravierenden Beeinträchtigung bzw. Zerstörung der natür- lichen Lebensräume.
[4
Material und Methoden
Vorliegende Untersuchungen fanden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes zur Bekämpfung der Stechmücken in den Rheinauen statt (BEckER & Lupwıc 1983) und sind Teil des Arbeitsprogrammes zur Ermittlung der Rolle der Prädatoren der Stechmücken- larven im Ökosystem der Rheinauen (Köczı 1984). Die Untersuchungen fanden in den Jahren 1978-1981 statt und umfaßten sowohl Freilandbeobachtungen als auch umfang- reiche Laborarbeiten.
Die Freilandbeobachtungen wurden ım nördlichen Oberrheintiefland, insbeson- dere im Bereich der nördlichen Oberrheinniederung zwischen Speyer und Mannheim, durchgeführt. Sie umfaßten die Kartierung der Lebensräume von Rhantus consputus so- wıe Beobachtung der Larvalentwicklung und des Freßverhaltens in typischen Biotopen. Die Aufsammlungen erfolgten sowohl qualitativ als auch halbquantitatıv.
Die Laborversuche dienten der Aufklärung des Freßverhaltens und der Larvalent- wicklung unter kontrollierten Bedingungen. Imagines und Larven wurden in kleinen Glasgefäßen gehalten (je nach Versuchsansatz 32—1000 ml Inhalt), die mit Pflanzenma- terial, kleinen Holzstückchen und Sand oder Kieselsteinen ausgestattet waren. In jedem Versuchsgefäß wurde grundsätzlich nur 1 Prädator gehalten. Die Fütterung erfolgte mit Stechmückenlarven der Art Aedes vexans, und zwar derart, daß während der gesamten Versuchsdauer Beutetiere als Nahrung zur Verfügung standen (ad libitum). An unter- schiedlichen Tagen wurden nacheinander alle Larvenstadien verfüttert, an bestimmten Tagen den Prädatoren zusätzlich andere Beutetiere zur Wahl angeboten, teilweise meh- rere Arten zugleich. Diese Vorgehensweise erlaubt Aussagen über die bevorzugte Beute- größe der Prädatoren sowie über die Präferenz hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Beutetiere. Die Abhängigkeit der Freßrate von der Größe des Versuchsgefäßes wurde untersucht, der Einfluß einer Vielzahl weiterer Faktoren diskutiert (Köcer 1984). Die Versuche fan- den in der Klimakammer bei 20° C statt mit einer Hell-/Dunkel-Periode von 17/7 h. Alle 24 h wurde die Freßrate bestimmt, die Versuchsdauer betrug 13 Tage, was der Larvalent- wicklung (incl. Puppenstadium) von Aedes vexans entspricht.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 7
Die Haltung der Prädatoren für dıe Zucht erfolgte vom Ei bis zur Imago in grund- sätzlich ähnlicher Weise. Teilweise wurden die Versuche bei verschiedenen Temperatu- ren (mit unterschiedlicher Hell-/Dunkel-Periode) durchgeführt, um den Einfluß der Versuchstemperatur zu bestimmen. Gegen Ende des dritten Larvenstadiums wurden die Prädatorenlarven in eine „Verpuppungswanne“ gesetzt, die ihnen die Möglichkeit bot, zur Verpuppung an Land zu gehen.
Verbreitung und Biotopansprüche
Die Oberrheinebene stellt die Grenze des Verbreitungsgebietes von Rhantus con- sputus dar. Er kommt vor allem in den Steppen Südosteuropas vor, ist aus Österreich be- kannt, in Deutschland selten (fehlt im Nordwesten ganz) und hat ım Elsaß seine westli- che Verbreitungsgrenze (SCHAEFLEIN 1971). Obwohl im Untersuchungsgebiet an der Ver- breitungsgrenze, ist die Art dort keineswegs selten. Mit insgesamt 8 Fundorten (von 52 Sammelstellen) zählt R. consputus zu den 19 Arten, die am häufigsten (Präsenz) ın den Stillgewässern der Rheinauen nachgewiesen wurden. Auch Dannapreı (1977) meldet die Art aus dem Gebiet der Hördter Rheinaue von 5 seiner insgesamt 28 Sammaelstellen.
Von großem Interesse war, zunächst festzustellen, welche Biotope eine Art bevor- zugt. Da für die Genese der Stillgewässer der Auen die Dauer der Wasserführung eine so hervorragende Rolle spielt, lag es nahe, die temporären von den perennierenden Stillge- wässern abzugrenzen. Zu beiden Gewässertypen wurde etwa die gleiche Zahl an Sam- melstellen besucht, was den direkten Vergleich ermöglicht. Bereits Garzwskı (1963) un- terschied die Arten der Gattung Rhantus hinsichtlich ihrer diesbezüglichen Ansprüche. Er teilt die Arten in zwei ökologische Gruppen ein: Die eine ist charakteristisch für kleine, temporäre Gewässer, die zweite für größere, tiefere, meist permanente Gewässer. Zur ersten Gruppe zählt Garzwskı R. pulverosus und R. notatus, zur zweiten Gruppe R. latitans. Die gleiche Verteilung dieser Arten auf die beiden Gewässertypen konnte ich in den Rheinauen feststellen (vgl. Abb. 1).
Abb. 1: Zahl der Fundstellen verschiedener Rhantus-Arten in temporären und perennierneden Stillgewässern.
ee Temporäre Perennierende Sonstige rt 4 E R Stillgewässer Stillgewässer Gewässer Rhantus pulverosus 5 3 3 Rhantus notatus 2 - _ Rhantus consputus 5 3 - Rhantus latitans 3 5 1
Über die Ökologie von R. consputus sind nur wenige Daten bekannt; Garzwskı (1963) äußert die Vermutung, daß er zu den Bewohnern der Dauergewässer zu rechnen sei, berichtet aber auf der anderen Seite, er habe die Larven am Ufer kleiner Tümpel ge-
8 Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
funden, an Stellen, die u. a. mit Rorippa amphibia bewachsen waren. Für das Untersu- chungsgebiet liegen nun zahlreiche Daten vor, und es stellte sich heraus, daß R. consputus überwiegend in temporären Gewässern vorkommt (vgl. Abb. 1). Da nachgewiesen wurde, daß die Art auch hier ıhren Fortpflanzungszyklus durchläuft (vgl. das folgende Kapitel), kann kein Zweifel bestehen, daß sie zu den Bewohnern dieses Gewässertyps zu rechnen ist. Es handelt sich vorzugsweise um jene Bereiche der Rheinauen, die bei Hoch- wasser überflutet werden (oft lediglich durch das ansteigende Grundwasser, d. h. ohne Kontakt zu anderen Gewässern), dann für eine gewisse Zeit Wasser führen, um schließ- lich wieder trockenzufallen, falls keine neue Hochwasserwelle kommt. Meist sind die Schluten oder Senken flach, stark verkrautet oder liegen inmitten ausgedehnter Schilffel-
der (Abb. 2).
HR. 0
Abb. 2: Typisches Brutbiotop von Rhantus consputus; durch Druckwasser geflutete Senke am Rheindamm bei Brühl, 31.05.1982.
Bezeichnend mag sein, daß von R. consputus (ähnlich wie bei anderen Arten) ın manchen Jahren regelrechte Massenvorkommen (sowohl Larven als auch Imagiınes) in eı- nem Temporärgewässer festgestellt werden konnten, d. h. unter zahlreichen Schöptpro- ben/Kescherzügen waren in der Mehrzahl der Fänge auch Tiere dieser Art. Ob dies mit besonders guten Fortpflanzungsbedingungen für die Art zusammenhängt, kann nur ver- mutet werden. Tatsache ist jedenfalls, daß die Besiedlung des gleichen Gewässers von Jahr zu Jahr stark schwanken kann, sowohl hinsichtlich der Artenzusammensetzung als auch in bezug auf deren Dominanz (vgl. HocH 1968).
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 2
Bemerkenswert ist ferner die Tatsache, daß R. consputus am Boden ausgetrockneter Gewässer überdauern kann, um offensichtlich so das nächste Hochwasser abzuwarten. Bei gelegentlichen Aufsammlungen konnten 3 Imagines in 2 verschiedenen ausgetrock- neten „Gewässern“ gefunden werden. Diese Fähigkeit teilt R. consputus mit einer Reihe anderer Arten. Zwar zeigten die Freilandbeobachtungen, daß wohl der größere Teil der Population aktiv abwandert, einige Tiere bleiben jedoch zurück und verbergen sich unter der Schicht abgestorbenen Pflanzenmaterials am Boden des ehemaligen Gewässers. Be- zeichnenderweise teilen dieses Verhalten nicht alle häufigen Arten gleichermaßen (es ist also keine statistische Wahrscheinlichkeit, solche Tiere zu finden), sondern es scheint für bestimmte Arten, wie eben R. consputus, eine besondere Form der Anpassung an den Le- bensraum zu seın.
Entwicklung
Eiablage: Am 29.5. 78 konnte ein Weibchen in Kopula in einem frisch gefluteten Hochwassertümpel gefangen werden. Es wurden ım Labor insgesamt 57 Eier abgelegt, davon 54 am 30.5. und nochmals 3 am 31.5. 78. Die klebrigen, lang-elliptischen Eier von 1,3 mm Länge und 0,6 mm Breite wurden meist auf Blätter abgelegt (38 Stück), zum Teil auch direkt an dıe Seitenwände bzw. den Boden des Aquariums geheftet.
Garzwskı (1963) gibt als Eizahlen von Rhantus-Weibchen 2-23 Stück an. Die Beob- achtungen bei R. consputus zeigen, daf zumindest von dieser Art wesentlich mehr Eier abgelegt werden können. Dies erklärt, warum in manchen überfluteten Schluten oft große Mengen von Larven gefunden werden, obwohl keine Imagines entdeckt werden können. Die hohe Eiablagezahl muß als eine Anpassung an den Brutbiotop der Art ge- wertet werden: In den temporären Tümpeln kann es oft durch vorzeitiges Austrocknen zu Verlusten kommen, und nur hohe Larvenzahlen garantieren das Fortbestehen der
Art.
Embryonalentwicklung: Die Embryonal- und Larvalentwicklung wurde ım "Labor im Thermostaten mit natürlichem Oberlicht bei einer Temperatur von nachts 10° C (während 10 h) / tagsüber 20° C (während 14 h) beobachtet. Damit wurden die ım Frühsommer oft stark wechselnden Wassertemperaturen des Freilandes simuliert. Die Embryonalentwicklung dauerte bei 10/20° C ım Durchschnitt 6,8 Tage; im einzelnen wurden 14mal 6 Tage, 20mal 7 Tage und 5mal 8 Tage beobachtet. Insgesamt schlüpften aus den 57 abgelegten Eiern lediglich 39 Larven (= 68 %).
Garewski (1963) gibt (ohne Temperaturangabe — wahrscheinlich ist Zimmertempe- ratur gemeint) für die Gattung eine Dauer der Embryonalentwicklung von 4-5 Tagen (bei R. notatus 8 Tage) an. Für R. consputus muß diese Zeitspanne unter günstigen Tem- peraturen (ständig über 20° C) als noch kürzer angesehen werden. Diese läßt jedenfalls der Vergleich mit anderen untersuchten Arten erwarten. So verkürzte z. B. bei Coelam- bus impressopunctatus eine Temperaturerhöhung von 10/20° C auf Zimmertemperatur die Embryonalentwicklung von 8,1 auf 3,5 Tage (vgl. Abb. 3). Auch Beobachtungen im
Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
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Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 11
Freiland, wonach Rhantus-Larven bereits wenige Tage nach dem Überfluten von Aue- Schluten nachgewiesen wurden, sprechen für eine äußerst kurze Embryonalentwicklung (vgl. Larvalentwicklung).
Larvalentwicklung: Die frisch geschlüpften Erstlarven besitzen bereits eine Länge von 4,5 mm ohne Cerci und Antennen (mit Cercı 6 mm lang), die Zweitlarven messen 9-11 mm ohne Cercı (11-13 mm mit Cercı), und dıe Drittlarven erreichen schließlich eine Länge von 17—18 mm (etwa 20 mm mit Cercı, Abb. 4 und 5).
S
Abb. 4: Rhantus consputus, Drittlarve (Originalgröße 18 mm ohne Cercı).
a x
Abb. 5: Rhantus consputus, (Originalgröße 17 mm ohne Cercı).
12 Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
Die Larvalentwicklung war für die gewählte Zuchttemperatur von 10/20° C über- raschend kurz. Insbesondere wurde nicht erwartet, daß das dritte Larvenstadium nur un- wesentlich länger dauert als die beiden vorherigen. Üblicherweise ist es etwa 3mal so lang wie jedes der vorherigen Entwicklungsstadien (vgl. die anderen Arten in Abb. 3). So wurde es ım Versuch versäumt, dıe Larven von R. consputus rechtzeitig in die Verpup- pungswannen zu setzen, und die Larven starben in ihren Aquarien. Es ıst deshalb grund- sätzlich nicht auszuschließen, daß sie zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht verpuppungsreif waren. Allerdings gibt GAarewskı (1963) für die Entwicklungsdauer der Larven der Gat- tung Rhantus ähnliche Werte an (ohne jedoch die Zuchttemperatur zu nennen): Das erste Stadium dauerte 3-5 Tage, das zweite 5-7 Tage und das dritte 7—10 Tage. Seine Werte liegen also ım gleichen Größenbereich wie die für R. consputus festgestellten, insbeson- dere ist das dritte Stadium ähnlich kurz.
Es ist anzunehmen, daß die Entwicklung von R. consputus bei höheren Temperatu- ren wesentlich schneller abläuft; im Extremfall ist an eine Halbierung der Werte, ähnlich wie bei Coelambus impressopunctatus, zu denken. Die gesamte Larvalentwicklung würde dann weniger als 10 Tage dauern, wofür natürlich auch im Freiland ein Überange- bot an Nahrungstieren Voraussetzung wäre.
Daß diese schnelle Entwicklung tatsächlich möglıch ist, wurde im Freiland nachge- wiesen. In einer Schlute, die — ohne Verbindung zu einem Dauergewässer — am 21.7. 81 geflutet wurde (und davor etwa 5-6 Wochen trocken lag), konnte die Entwicklung der Larven von R. consputus verfolgt werden. Bei der ersten systematischen Untersuchung, 8 Tage nach der Überflutung, wurden Erstlarven beobachtet, nach 13 Tagen bereits frühe Viertlarven und am 6.8., nach nur 16 Tagen, waren die Larven bereits fett und verpup- pungsreif. Bei systematischen Nachforschungen in bereits wieder trockengefallenen Be- reichen der Schlute konnte eine Rhantus-Larve gefunden werden, die sich bereits eine Puppenwiege unter den dicht aufliegenden, abgestorbenen Gräsern, knapp unter der Erdoberfläche gebaut hatte. Vom Fluten der Senke (dem frühest möglichen Termin für eine Fiablage) bis zum „Verpuppen“ waren also lediglich 16 Tage vergangen. Die ge- samte Embryonal- und Larvalentwicklung konnte in diesem Zeitintervall ablaufen.
Am 7.8. war bereits die gesamte Senke trockengefallen. Aus mehr als 10 Puppenwie- gen, die (nach dem Schlüpfen der Imagines) im Freiland entdeckt wurden, kann gefolgert werden, daß ein großer Teil der Population in der angegebenen Zeit die Entwicklung be- endete. Auch von den am 6.8. ins Labor mitgenommenen Larven erstellten alle in den nächsten Tagen ihre Puppenwiege, nahezu die Hälfte bereits am 7.8.
Verpuppung: Die Larven bauen sich ihre Puppenwiegen dicht unter der Oberflä- che, meist unter auf dem Boden liegenden Blättern, im Freiland auch unter einer dichten Schicht abgestorbener Pflanzenteile. Die Kammer ist kugelig von etwa 12 mm Durch- messer und 10 mm Höhe und mit einer Erdschicht von 3-10 mm abgedeckt. Nur ın ei- nem Falle (von ca. 15 untersuchten Kammern) konnte eine Puppenwiege in etwa 4 cm Tiefe gefunden werden. Im Freiland wurde beobachtet, daß bis zu 4 Puppenwiegen di- rekt nebeneinander angelegt waren.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 13
Die „Puppenruhe“ dauerte unter Freilandtemperaturen im August 1981 17,5 Tage (n = 5). Dies ist — ım Vergleich zur Larvalentwicklung — ein recht hoher Wert, ver- gleicht man ihn z. B. mit den Daten für Coelambus impressopunctatus (Abb. 3). Finen wesentlichen Bestandteil an dieser Zeitspanne hat allerdings der Aufenthalt der Larve ın der Puppenkammer vor der Verpuppung. In dieser Zeit baut die Larve die Puppenkam- mer bzw. ruht als Praepupa. Garzwskı (1963) gibt diese Zeitspanne für die Gattung Rhantus mit 7—10 Tagen an. Sıe ist damit sogar etwas länger als die Zeit (7 Tage), welche die Puppe schließlich in der Puppenkammer ruht. Von dieser im Verhältnis zur gesamten Ruhezeit kurzen Dauer des eigentlichen Puppenstadiums bei den Dytiscidae berichtete bereits BERTRAND (1927).
Nahrungserwerb
Das Frefverhalten der Imagines wurde ım Labor, das der Larven ın Labor und Frei- land untersucht. Die Freßßraten der Imagines in bezug auf Stechmückenlarven sind in Abb. 6 wiedergegeben. Die aufgelisteten Werte anderer Prädatoren sollen lediglich zum Vergleich dienen und hier nicht näher diskutiert werden (vgl. Köceı 1984).
Mit durchschnittlich 214 gefressenen Stechmückenlarven und -puppen während der 13tägigen Versuchsdauer (n = 5) und bis zu 40 erbeuteten Dritt- und Viertlarven pro Tag waren die Imagines von R. consputus dıe gefräßigsten Wasserkäfer. Bevorzugt wurden Drittlarven erbeutet, gefolgt von Viertlarven; Erstlarven vermochten die Tiere nur in ge- ringer Zahl, also wohl eher zufällig, zu erbeuten (vgl. Abb. 6). Die Imagines bevorzugen also größere Beutetiere (bezogen auf die Entwicklungsstadien von Stechmückenlarven). Die Beute wird im Schwimmen mit den Vorderbeinen gepackt und meist auch ım Schwimmen verzehrt, wobei die Käfer oft passiv zur Wasseroberfläche treiben. Der Freßßvorgang dauert nur wenige Sekunden (bei erbeuteten Drittlarven im Durchschnitt 5 sec.). Die Beutetiere wurden auch bei sehr hohen Freßraten stets vollständig aufgefres- sen, lediglich von Viertlarven wurde manchmal der Kopf übriggelassen. (Unvollständi- ges Auffressen der Beutetiere bei manchmal nur niedrigen Freßraten, wie es z. T. andere Arten zeigten — vgl. Hydaticus transversalıs in Abb. 6 —, wurde als ungenügende Adap- tion des Prädators an die entsprechende Beute gewertet.) Der Kot der Versuchstiere ent- hielt als wesentlichen Bestandteil Chitinbruchstücke der Stechmückenlarven.
Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde den Larven von R. consputus gewidmet. Sie er- wiesen sich in hohem Maße als adaptiert an Aedes vexans. Während ihrer gesamten Ent- wicklung fraßen sie bevorzugt Stechmückenlarven, in Abhängigkeit vom Entwicklungs- stadıum zwischen 4,6 und 10,6 pro Tag (vgl. Abb. 7), maximal 20 Viertlarven von Aedes vexans pro Tag. Ihre Gefräßigkeit wurde im Laborversuch unter 6 getesteten Arten (Coleoptera) lediglich von den Larven von Hydrophilus caraboides übertroffen.
Die Gefäßgröße hatte bei den verwendeten kleinen Zuchtgefäßen keinen Einfluß auf die Freßrate. Im zweiten Larvenstadium wurden 5 Larven von R. consputus in Glasdosen mit 32 ml Wasser gehalten, 4 weitere in solchen mit 60 ml Wasser. Die Freßraten beider
Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
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Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 15
Gruppen waren jedoch gleich groß: Die erste Gruppe erbeutete 216 Stechmückenlarven an insgesamt 27 Tagen (Freßraten aller Tiere und aller Tage addiert), also 8,0 Larven pro Tag; die zweite Gruppe 150 Stechmückenlarven an insgesamt 19 Tagen, also 7,9 Larven pro Tag. Diese Unabhängigkeit der Freßßrate von der Gefäßgröße wurde als gute Adap- tion an die jeweiligen Beutetiere gewertet. Bei anderen Arten verringerte sıch die Zahl der gefressenen Beutetiere mit zunehmender Gefäßsgröße, bei Sigara striata z. B. von 38 auf 31 pro Versuchsserie. Hier müssen hohe Freßraten in kleinen Gefäßen auch auf die un- natürlich enge Haltung von Räuber und Beute zurückgeführt werden. (Allerdings sind extrem hohe Dichten von Aedes-Larven ım Freiland durchaus keine Seltenheit.)
Abb. 7: Freßraten der Larven von Rhantus consputus bei Larven von Aedes vexans als Beute.
Larvenstadium Freßrate pro Tag Versuchsdauer n Bevorzugte (des Prädators) (erbeutete Aedes-Larven) (Tage) Beutegröße (Larvenstadium der Beute) Erstlarve 4,6 4,6 15 Drittlarven Zweitlarve 7,6 5A 9 Viertlarven Drittlarve 10,6 6,2 5 Viertlarven
Bevorzugt wurden größere Stechmückenlarven gefressen, im ersten Larvenstadium Drittlarven, später dann Viertlarven. Wurden anfangs die Beutetiere so ausgesaugt, daß die Chitinteile relativ unersehrt erhalten blieben (wıe bei Dytiscidae-Larven recht ver- breitet), so waren beı den älteren Käferlarven die Reste der Beutetiere regelrecht zerfetzt, und oft blieben lediglich Kopf und Atemsipho erhalten.
Die Rhantus-Larven zeigten eine sehr hohe Präferenz für Stechmückenlarven. Es wurden verschieden alten Käferlarven verschieden große Cladocera (1,5—2,5 mm lang) angeboten. Dabei fraßen die Käferlarven insgesamt lediglich 11 der 79 angebotenen Cla- docera (= 14%), jedoch 110 der 203 gleichzeitg angebotenen Stechmückenlarven (= 54%). Von den angebotenen Ostracoda (6 Beutetiere, etwa 2 mm lang) und Asellus aquaticus ( 15 Beutetiere, 4—5 mm lang) erbeuteten dıe Larven von R. consputus kein ein- ziges Tier.
Als besonders kennzeichnend muß jedoch das Verhalten der Larven ım Freiland ge- wertet werden. Solchen Beobachtungen ist stets ein größerer Wert beizumessen als La- borversuchen. Leider konnten die Rhantus-Larven jedoch ım Freiland nicht zur Art be- stimmt werden. Wahrscheinlich handelte es sich bei den beobachteten Larven aber stets um R. consputus; zumindest schlüpften bei der Weiterzucht von 9 Larven aus dem Un- tersuchungsgebiet ausschließlich Imagines dieser Art.
Die Käferlarven zeigten ein gänzlich unterschiedliches Verhalten an Stellen, wo es Stechmücken gab, im Vergleich zu dort, wo es keine gab. Waren genügend Aedes-Larven vorhanden, ernährte sich Rhantus anscheinend ausschließlich von diesen. Die Larven sa- ßen meist verborgen unter Schilfstengeln in der Nähe der Wasseroberfläche. Da sie meist
16 Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
die ganze Zeıt völlıg regungslos verharrten, konnte sie nur schwer entdeckt werden. Wanderte ein Tier ausnahmsweise ein Stück und geriet in die Nähe einer zweiten Rhan- tus-Larve, wurde es sofort angegriffen. Es konnte jedoch nie beobachtet werden, daß sich die Tiere gegenseitig töteten. Die Larven haben sicher keine strengen Reviere, sorgen durch dieses Verhalten aber offensichtlich dafür, daß sie sich gleichmäßig auf den Was-
serkörper verteilen.
Acht Käferlarven konnten beim Verzehr eines Beutetieres beobachtet werden, in je- dem Fall eine Viertelarve von Aedes vexans. Zwei weitere Tiere ergriffen mit einer ra- schen, ruckartigen Bewegung eine Stechmückenlarve. Es wurde kein Versuch beobach- tet, ein anderes Beutetier zu fangen, und auch kein fehlgeschlagener Versuch beim Er- greifen einer Stechmückenlarve registriert. Die Rhantus-Larven haben sich offensicht- lich vollständig auf Aedes-Larven als Beutetiere eingestellt.
Ganz anders war das Verhalten der Rhantus-Larven ın Bereichen, in denen es keine Stechmückenlarven gab. In den entsprechenden Restwasserpfützen schwammen die Tiere die ganze Zeit unruhig hin und her und legten zum Teil große Strecken zurück. Mögliche Beutetiere beachteten sıe nur selten, auch wenn sie dicht daran vorbeischwam- men. In einer größeren Pfütze, die neben zahlreichen Turbellaria und Cladocera vor al- lem Rhantus-Larven und wenige Kaulquappen enthielt, wurden 4 Drittlarven von Rhan- tus mit Beute beobachtet. Das erbeutete Tier war in jedem Fall eine kleinere Dytiscidae- Larve. Drei vergebliche Fangversuche wurden im gleichen Gewässer registriert: Einer auf einen Laccobius, einer auf eine Kaulquappe, einer auf eine kleinere Dytiscidae-Larve. Die Rhantus-Larven lauerten dabeı der Beute nıcht auf, sondern versuchten sıe mehr oder weniger im „Vorbeischwimmen“ zu ergreifen. Von den zahlreichen Turbellarıa und Cladocera nahmen sie offensichtlich keinerlei Notiz.
In einem recht kleinen Loch (etwa 50x30 cm Wasserfläche) befanden sıch zahlrei- che Kaulquappen von etwa 1 cm Länge und etwa ebenso viele Dytiscidae-Larven. Es wurden 5 Rhantus-Larven mit Beutetieren beobachtet: 3 mit einer kleineren Dytiscidae- Larve, 2 mit einer Kaulquappe.
Die Freilandbeobachtungen zeigen, daß die Larven von R. consputus — in Abhän- gigkeit von Angebot an Beutetieren — unterschiedliche Verhaltensmuster zeigen. Eine ähnliche Beobachtung machte Formanowıcz (1982) bei Larven von Dytiscus verticalıs.
Zusammenfassung und Diskussion
Die geschilderten Ergebnisse geben folgendes Bild über Biotoppräferenzen, Ent- wicklung und Freßverhalten von Rhantus consputus. Die Art, obwohl in Mitteleuropa selten und nach der „Roten Liste“ als „gefährdet“ eingestuft, gehört im nördlichen Oberrheintiefland zu den verbreiteten Arten, an mehreren Fundstellen konnten regel- rechte „Massenvorkommen“ registriert werden. Typische Lebensräume sind die tempo- rären, meist flachen, stark verkrauteten Gewässer im Bereich der Weichholz-Aue, die bei
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 17
Hochwasser entweder durch direkte Überflutung oder aber durch das steigende Grund- wasser geflutet werden. Besonders im Biotopen des zweiten Typs, meist durch Deiche vom Rheinstrom getrennt, wurde die Art gefunden.
Die Imagines können am Boden der ausgetrockneten Gewässer überleben und so auf die nächste Überflutung warten. Ähnliches beobachteten Wesensers-Lunn (1912) bei Agabus- und Rhantus-Arten und Burmeister (1939) bei den Hydroporinae. Wie groß die Überlebenschance der auf diese Weise verborgenen Tiere ist, kann nur abgeschätzt werden. EnGELHARrDT (1951) vermutet, daß die meisten zur Beute von Vögeln und ande- ren Insektenfressern werden. Es darf jedoch als sicher angesehen werden, daf3 ein gewis- ser Prozentsatz das erneute Fluten des Gewässers bei einer Hochwasserwelle erlebt. Diese Tiere können nun — bereit zur Eiablage — einen neuen Generationszyklus einlei- ten. Nur Arten, die sofort nach Hochwassereintritt die frısch gefluteten Gebiete besie- deln, haben eine echte Chance, daß ıhre Larven — vom Nahrungspotential der Aedes- Larven lebend - sich in diesen Gewässern fertig entwickeln können. Ob diese rasche Fr- oberung der betreffenden Gewässer ausschließlich durch im Boden verborgene, sozusa- gen auf das nächste Hochwasser wartende Tiere ertolgt, oder ob manche Arten, wie z.B. Coelambus impressopunctatus, Rhantus consputus oder Hydrophilus caraboides, einen instinktartigen Wandertrieb in diese Gebiete entwickelt haben, kann aufgrund des bishe- rigen Wissensstandes nicht entschieden werden. Wahrscheinlich spielen beide Faktoren eine Rolle. Freilandbeobachtungen haben mehrfach bestätigt, daß bereits wenige Tage nach dem Fluten eines Aue-Gebietes zahlreiche Käferlarven vorhanden sind.
R. consputus zeichnet sich durch eine ım Vergleich zu anderen Wasserkäfern kurze Embryonal- und Larvalentwicklung aus. Erstere dauerte bei einer Temperatur von 10/ 20°C 6,8 Tage, die Larvalenentwicklung etwa 16 Tage. Im Freiland wurden im Juli für Embryonal- plus Larvalentwicklung (inklusive der Zeit, die nach dem Fluten des Brutge- wässers bis zur Eiablage verstrich) 16 Tage festgestellt. Bemerkenswert scheint die Tatsa- che, daß die kurze Larvalentwicklung bei R. consputus insbesondere zu Lasten des drit- ten Larvenstadiums geht, welches gleich lang dem ersten, geringfügig länger als das zweite Larvenstadium ist. Bei anderen untersuchten Arten währte das dritte Larvensta- dium etwa 3mal so lang wie das zweite. Dieses relativ kurze dritte Larvenstadium bei R. consputus bedingt auf der anderen Seite eine besonders lange „Puppenruhe“. Sıe ist deutlich länger als das dritte Larvenstadium, bei anderen Arten (weitere Ausnahme Ay- drophilus caraboıdes) jedoch stets viel kürzer. Die kurze Embryonal- und Larvalent- wicklung ermöglicht es der Art, temporäre Gewässer mit sehr kurzer Wasserführung zu besiedeln und dort den Fortpflanzungszyklus zu durchlaufen.
Als Nahrung haben sich insbesondere die Larven im Untersuchungsgebiet weitge- hend auf Larven von Aedes vexans spezialisiert, welche ın den gleichen Gewässern ın un- geheurer Zahl ihren Entwicklungszyklus durchlaufen. Auch von anderen Vertretern der Gattung Rhantus ıst bekannt, daß sie Freßfeinde der Stechmückenlarven sind. Erste Hin- weise finden sich bei WEsENBERG-LunD (1912), der die Larven vor allem in Schmelz was- sertümpeln nach der Schneeschmelze beobachtete und vermutete, daß die Imagines auf dem Boden der ausgetrockneten Tümpel den Sommer überdauern. Aber auch Brunck
18 Biol. u. Ökol. v. Rhantus consputus
(1925) und Berrrann (1927) zählen Stechmückenlarven zu den Hauptbeutetieren von Rhantus, und 1943 äußert WEsEnBERG-LunD die Vermutung, daß „in unseren Mückentei- chen Larven und Puppen der Mücken mit den Rhantus-Larven zusammengehören“ (alle Autoren ohne Artangabe). Auch in neueren Arbeiten wird immer wieder Rhantus als Frefßfeind von Stechmückenlarven im Freiland genannt; u. a. von James (1961, R. no- tatus; 1966, Rhantus-Larven) und Mocı (1978).
Für R. consputus wurde die enge Verknüpfung seines Entwicklungszyklus mit dem- jenigen von Stechmückenlarven — zumindest im Untersuchungsgebiet — erstmalig nach- gewiesen. Er, insbesondere die Larven, ist wohl als wichtigster Freßfeind von Aedes ve- xans unter den Wasserkäfern im Untersuchungsgebiet anzusehen. Imagines und beson- ders die Larven haben sich durch hohe Freßraten, Spezialisierung auf den Beutetyp Aedes und kurze eigene Entwicklungszeit auf Aedes vexans als Beutetiere eingestellt.
Literatur
BECKER, N., LUDWIG, H. W. (1983): Mosquito control in West Germany. — Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol., 8 (2): 85-93.
BERTRAND, H. (1927): Les Larves des Dytiscides, Hygrobiides, Haliplides. — Paris.
BLUNcK, H. (1925): Die Zucht der Wasserkäfer. — In: ABDERHALDEN, E. (Edit.) Handbuch der bio- logischen Arbeitsmethoden, Abt. IX, 2, Methoden der Süßwasserbiologie: 293—310; Berlin, Wien.
BURMEISTER, F. (1939): Biologie, Ökologie und Verbreitung der europäischen Käfer auf systemati- scher Grundlage, 1, Adepahga: 1- 307; Krefeld.
DANNAPFEL, K.-H. (1977): Faunistik und Ökologie von Wasserkäfern im Naturschutzgebiet „Hördter Rheinaue“ bei Germersheim (Insecta: Coleoptera). — Mitt. Pollichia, 65: 5-81; Bad Dürkheim/Pfalz.
ENGELHARDT, W. (1951): Faunistisch-ökologische Untersuchungen über Wasserinsekten an den südlichen Zuflüssen des Ammersees. — Mitt. Münchner Ent. Ges., 41 (1): 1-135; München.
FORMANOWICZ, D. R. (1982): Foraging tactics of larvae of Dytiscus verticalis (Coleoptera: Dytisci- dae): The assessment of prey density. — J. Anim. Ecol., 51 (3): 757-767; Oxford.
GALEWSKIK. (1963): Immature stages of the Central European species of Rhantus DEJEAN (Coleo- ptera, Dytiscidae). Bull. Ent. Pologne, 33 (1):3—93; Wroclaw.
GEISER, R. etal. (1984): Rote Liste der Käfer (Coleoptera). — In: BLAB, J., NOWAK, E., TRAUTMANN, W., SukoPpp, H. (Edit.) Rote Liste der gefährdeten Tiere und Pflanzen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: 75-114; Greven.
HocnH, K. (1968): Die aquatilen Koleopteren westdeutscher Augewässer insbesondere des Mün- dungsgebietes der Sieg. — Decheniana, 120 (1/2): 81-133; Bonn.
JamEs, H. G. (1961): Some predators of Aedes stimulans (WALK.) and Aedes trichurus (Dyar) (Di- - ptera: Culicidae) ın woodland pools. — Can. J. Zool., 39: 533—540.
JAMES, H. G. (1966): Insect Predators of Univoltine Mosquitoes in Woodland Pools ofthe Pre-Cam- brıan Shield in Ontario. — Canad. Ent., 98: 550-555.
KÖGEL, F. (1984): Die Prädatoren der Stechmückenlarven im Ökosystem der Rheinauen. — Diss., Naturwiss.-Math. Gesamtfakultät Univ. Heidelberg. 347 S. u. Anhang; Heidelberg.
Mocı, M. (1978): Population Studies on Mosquitoes in the Rice Field Area of Nagasaki, Japan, espe- cıially on Culex tritaeniorhynchus. — Trop. Med., 20 (4): 173—263.
SCHAEFLEIN, H. (1971): 4. Familie: Dytiscidae, echte Schwimmkäfer. — In: FREUDE, H., HARDE, K. W., LOHSE, G. A. (Edit.). Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, 3: 16-89; Krefeld.
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WESENBERG-LUND, C. (1912): Biologische Studien über Dytisciden. — Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol.
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Anschrift des Autors: Dr. Friedrich Kögel St.-Martin-Str. 21 D-8000 München 90
te
x
=.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 21
Revision of the Australian Dromiine ground beetles, formerly placed in the genus Microlestes SCHMIDT-GÖBEL
(Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiinae)*
Von Martin Baehr
Abstract
The Australian Dromiine ground beetles are revised. All Australian species, formerly included in the genus Microlestes, as well as Microlestes cinctus DARLINGTON from New Guinea, are transferr- ed to a new genus Microlestodes gen nov. A new genus Mooreana gen nov. is also erected on Moore- ana quadrimaculata spec. nov. from North Queensland. Following species are newly described: Mi- crolestodes parallelus spec. nov., M. flavicornis spec. nov., M. psendohumeralis spec. nov., M. rufoni- ger spec. nov., M. inoculatus spec. nov., M. zonatus spec. nov., and M. ovatus spec. nov. For M. ova- tus anew subgenus Cyclolestodes subgen. nov. is erected.
The phylogenetic state of the Australian Dromiini ıs discussed and the supposed relationships of the species are described in a cladistic diagram. Distribution and relationships of the species point to evolution of genus Microlestodes within Australia with the supposed centre of evolution in (north) eastern Australia, where the Dromiine fauna ist most diverse. From that source stocks of different species groups spreaded to southwestern and northwestern Australia, respectively, where now deri- vative endemic species live. The dry centre and west, however, is extremely poor in species, which leads to the assumption that Microlestodes are mesophilous beetles of open forest country to moun- tain forests. Actually, however, very little is known on the habits of nearly all species.
Introduction
Four Australian species were thus far included ın the Lebiine genus Microlestes. Three were originally described as Dromius species: Dromins humeralis Macızay (= Mi- crolestes macleayı Csıkı), Dromins yarrae BLackBurn, and Dromins australiensis SLOANE. The fourth is Microlestes atrıfasciatus SLOANE. Few years after SLoAnE tranferred all spe- cıes to Microlestes (SLoAnE 1910), HorLdHaus (1913) stated that at least M. atrıfasciatus and M. humeralis could not belong to Microlestes, and he supposed that this applies also for M. yarrae and M. anstraliensis. Csıkı (1932) ın the Coleopterorum Catalogus, however, classed all species under Microlestes, but in a separate group. The classification of the Australian “Microlestes“ remained also further doubtful. While JEanneı (1942, 1949) dıd not record the genus from Australia, Hagu (1967) and Darımaron (1968) did. MATEU
* Supported by a travel grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
22 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
(1963), on the other hand, denied the occurrence of any Microlestes in Australia and New Guinea. In the latter island, however, the genus occurs presumably with one species (M. curtatus DarLingron). Hence the status of the Australian “Microlestes“ merits furt- her attention.
On several trips through northern Australia Ihad the opportunity to collect various species of “Microlestes“, some being apparently new. As there are other undescribed spe- cies in the large Australian and American collections, a thorough revision of the whole Australian “Microlestes“ material ıs Justified, the more, as ıt ıs rather obscure, what the Australian “Microlestes“ actually are. Altogether 908 specimens have been studied for this revision.
Since last 30 years several new genera have been described within the Lebiine tribe Dromiini, especially from the relationship of the common genera Microlestes and Synto- mus (Metabletus). For the purpose of this revision, some neotropical genera described by Mareu (for the names see ReıcHAarpr 1977) are not taken into account. But there are se- veral Palearctic and Aethiopic genera as Mesolestes ScHaTzmayr, Neomesolestes MATEU, Pseudomesolestes MaTEU, Paramesolestes MaTEu, Mesolestinus MaTEU, and Metadromius Beper (see MATEu 1960, 1974), mostly erected for species formerly described as Microle- stes, which could compete for being congeneric with the Australian “Microlestes“. Tam not sure, however, to what extent all of these new genera actually merit generic rank. Anyway, the large genus Microlestes in ıts modern sense is restricted to species combi- ning following external characters: Mentum without tooth, bisetose; glossa bisetose; paraglossae completely encircling glossa; antennae pilose from 2nd or 3rd segment; pro- notum with base medially lobate; elytra with two pores on 3rd interval; humeral and apı- cal groups of marginal pores not widely separated; apex of elytra rather straight, not ob- lique nor much sinuate; claws denticulate. Judging from the combination of these charac- ters, none of the Australian species belongs to Microlestes. Moreover, they do not seem to belong to anyone of the other described genera, although they share some characters with other genera. Apart from one new species from extreme northern Queensland, all Australian species are rather similar in most diagnostic features, although they exhibit striking differences in colour and pattern. Hence they are included in one genus. One ap- terous species, however, merits the rank of a separate subgenus. The unique northern Queensland species shows such a combination of characters as precluding the incorpora- tion Into anyone existing genus, too.
Very little is known on the habıts of the Australian “Microlestes“, in spite of the nu- merous specimens available, because most specimens were either caught at light, without any specification of habitat preference, or asthey donotbearatallany exact locality data.
Acknowledgements
I heartily thank all persons who provided me with types or specimens from the col- lections they care for: Dr. T. E. Houston (Perth), Dr. D. H. KavanaucH (San Fran-
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 23
cısco), Dr. E. G. MarrtHews (Adelaide), Dr. B. P. Moore (Canberra), Dr. G. A. SamuEL- son (Honululu), Dr. G. SCHERER (München), Dr. N. E. Srork (London), Mr. C. Vocr (Cambridge/Mass.), Mr. K. Warker (Melbourne), Mr. T. A. WEır (Canberra).
Thanks are also due to the authorities of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for support of this study by a travel grant.
Abbreviations of collections used in text
ANIC - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra
BMH _-— Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honululu
BMNH - British Museum Natural History, London
CAS — California Academy of Science, San Francisco
CBM — Collection M. Baehr, München
CMC — Collection B. P. Moore, Canberra
FMT — G. Frey Museum, Tutzing
MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge/Mass.
NMV — National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne
SAM — South Australian Museum, Adelaide
WAM _- Western Australian Museum, Perth
ZSM — Zoologische Staatssammlung, München Measurements
Measurements were made under a stereomicroscope using an ocular micrometer. Length has been measured from apex of labrum to apex of elytra, because in pinned spe- cimens the abdomen may more or less protrude posteriorly. This is important for compa- risons with measurements of other authors.
Distribution maps
Maps are prepared from label data of examined specimens only. Localities of older specimens not localized and pure state records are not indicated in the maps. Literature records are omitted, because it is impossible to decide to which species they actually re- fer.
Characters
For definition of genera and subgenera the characters mentioned in the introduction were used. For species differentiation external characters like pattern, colour, size, body shape and some width/length ratios are useful. Most Australian species can be separated
24 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
by use of such external characters alone and without dissecting of ©’ genitalia. In that re- spect they differ remarkably from the true Microlestes of Europe and Africa. However, the J genitalia are faırly characteristical in each species and allow in most cases an exact determination.
Taxonomy
Key to the Australian and New Guinean genera related to Microlestes
1. Mentumwith distinettooth, .. . 2.2.2... 2 Sr ee 2%
— Mentum without distinct tooth, at most slightly convexinmiddle ........ 24
2. Mentum with tooth bifid or slightly incised. Paraglossae not strongly sur- passingelossa. nu... mn ee Syntomus HoPE (= Metabletus SCHMIDT-GOÖBEL)
— Mentum with simple, acute tooth. Paraglossae strongly surpassing glossa ... EN ee RO NN ee Mooreana gen. nov.
3. Antenna pilose from 3rd segment. Paraglossae completely encircling glossa .. BR U Microlestes SCHMIDT-GÖBEL
— Antenna pilose from 4th segment. Paraglossae free, not encirclingglossa ...... KA he Microlestodes gen. nov.
Syntomus HoPeE
Hope, 1838, p. 64
Metabletus SCHMIDT-GÖBEL, 1846, p. 38 Csiki 1932, p. 1413
Darlington 1968, p. 135
Syntomus quadripunctatus (SCHMIDT-GÖBEL) (Eiesu156)
SCHMIDT-GÖBEL, 1846, p. 39 (Metabletus) Csiki 1932, p 1418 (Metabletus)
Jedlicka 1963, p. 421 (Metabletus)
Habu 1967, p. 239
Darlington 1968, p. 135
Species widely distributed from Southeast Asia to Japon and New Guinea. First re- cord from Australia published by Darııngron (1968) who discovered a single specimen at Mareeba, North Queensland.
Distribution (in Australia) (Fig. 36): Northern and eastern Queensland.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 25
3
Figs. 1-4. Lower surface of head. 1. Syntomus qudripunctatus (SCHMIDT-GÖBEL); 2. Mooreana quadrimaculata, gen. nov., spec. nov.; Microlestes curtatus (DARLINGTON); Microlestodes zonatus, gen. nov., spec. nov.
Material examined (4 specimens): 2 OJ’, Cardstone, Qld. 26.XI. 1966 (ANIC); 19, Bunya Mt. 1000 m, Qld., 16. XII. 1981, barber trap, M. Baehr (CBM); 1 P, Jourama Falls NP, 20.111. 1982, J. Doyen (CAS).
Mooreana gen. nov. (kiss 2,19,25536)
Diagnosis: Genus of subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Dromiini. Small species (under 3,5 mm) with the combination of following characters: Mentum with unidentate tooth; mentum bisetose; paraglossae apıcally free, considerably surpassing glossa, barely incurved; glossa with two large and two small setae at apex; penultimate segment of labıal palpı bisetose; terminal segments of both palpi extremely sparsely pilose; antennae pilose from 4th segment; base of pronotum medially slightly lobate; elytra with two pores on 3rd interval; humeral and apical groups of marginal pores not separated; humeral group
26 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
consisting of 5, apıcal group of 8 pores; lateral apıcal pores in two groups of 3 pores each (as in Syntomus); apex of elytra barely sinuate; claws denticulate.
So far only one species known.
Mooreana quadrimaculata spec. nov. (Figs 2, 19, 25, 36)
Types: Holotype: ©, Claudie R. nr. Iron Rge, Qld. 19.—-25..VII. 1978] 1 rence (ANIC). — Paratypes: 10,2 Q 9, same locality, same date (ANIC, CBM) 19, Cape York Pen., Iron Range, N. Q., 20. V. 1974, Collr. M. Walford-Huggins (CMC).
Type locality: Claudie River, Iron Range, Cape York Peninsula, extreme northern
Queensland.
Diagnosis: Single species of genus Mooreana, easıly distinguished by unidentate mentum, very wide, short pronotum, and wide, quadrimaculate elytra.
Measurements: Length: 2.95—3.5 mm; width: 1.3-1.55 mm, ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.57—1.59; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.19—1.2; ratio length/width olzelyara:1788— 1859:
Colour (Fig. 19): Dark piceous, each elytron with two large yellow spots. Basal spot elongate, occupying the space from 4th to 7th interval, medially removed from base, la- terally leaving only anarrow dark border at shoulder. Anterior border of posterior spot transverse, spot reaching from 4th to 7th interval, posteriorly even transgressing to 3rd interval. Antennae, mouthparts, and legs dark yellow, lower surface reddish, laterally pi- ceous.
Table 1. Number of marginal elytral setae in Australian Syntomus, Mooreana, and Microlestodes. b. basal group, a. apical group. Grouping of apıcal setae in brackets.
Syntomus quadripunctatus Mooreana quadrimacunlata Microlestodes yarrae
M. australiensis
M. parallelus
M. flavicornis
M. macleayi
M. psendohnmeralıs
. rufoniger
. inoculatus
. atrıfasciatus
. zonatus
. cinctus
. ovatus
nn oo m mn nm mn mn m DD nn wo »
7 (rarely 8 on one side) 9 a?)
wm yuı yı ygı ygı OO ITII TI I I m 0
SRSSSS
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 27.
Head (Fig. 19): Very wıde. Eyes large, protruding, orbits very small. Mandibles ra- ther elongate, apex strongly curved. Antennae short, compact, median segments c. as long as wide, pilose from 4th segment. Mentum with strong, unidentate tooth and two setae behind tooth. Submentum also bisetose. Glossa apıcally widened, with two long and two short setae. Paraglossa apically free, strongly surpassing glossa, not incurved. Palpi rather elongate, nearly smooth. Surface of head distinctly, but rather superficially microreticulate, meshes isodiametric.
Pronotum (Fig. 19): Wide and short, base slightly wider than apex. Apex evenly concave, anterior angles widely rounded off. Sides convex, curvature slightly uneven be- hind anterior lateral setae. Prebasal sinuosity conspicuous, posterior angles nearly right, slightly produced. Base medially not much lobate. Lateral parts of base little oblique. Base strongly bordered. Marginal channel shallow. Median line distinct, anteriorly and posteriorly shortened. Surface strongly, but superficially microreticulate, meshes trans- verse.
Elytra (Fig. 19): Wide and short, slightly widened ın posterior half, behind a shallow sinuosity in first third. Shoulders rounded off. Apex barely sinuate, oblique. Shoulders bordered to near scutellum. Striae deep, intervals perceptibly convex. 3rd stria wıth two setae slightly in front of middle and at posterior third. Humeral and apical groups of mar- ginal setae not interrupted by a space, lateral setae of apıcal group in two separate groups of 3 setae each. Surface densely microreticulate, meshes strongly transverse. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum very elogate, median border nearly 3 x as long as anterior border. Last abdominal sternite in O’ bisetose, in @ with two additional small se- tae ın middle. Q last abdominal sternite medially notched.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus biseriately clothed. Claws toothed with c. 3 distinct teeth.
JO aedeagus (Fig. 25): Elongate, narrowed to apex. Orificıum large, strongly turned, without internal teeth. Tip acute, not curved.
Variation: Apart from sıze little varıation noted.
Distribution (Fig. 36): Mid of Cape York Peninsula at or near Iron Range, Queens- land.
Material examined (5 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits unknown, specimens were collected in May and July.
Microlestes SCHMIDT-GÖBEL (Fig. 3)
SCHMIDT-GÖBEL, 1846, p. 41 Csiki 1932, p. 1420 Darlington 1968, p. 136
28 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Actually this genus was thus far not recorded from Australia. One species, however, occurs perhaps in New Guinea.
Microlestes curtatus DArLINGToN, 1968 _
DARLINGTON, 1968, p. 136
See DarLınGton (1968) for description, range etc. saw several paratypes of this spe- cies, most from Philippines, and one specimen from Dory, New Guinea (MCZ). The doubtful record for New Guinea ıs based on two specimens collected by Wallace at Do- rey, western New Guinea. However, as DarLinsron (1962) stated, Wallace’s records from New Guinea are rather doubtf£ul.
M. curtatus ıs certainly a species of Microlestes s. str. and altogether, thıs would be the single Microlestes to occur ın the Australian Region.
Table 2. Size and some measurements of the Australian Mooreana and Microlestodes. 1. Length; 2. Ratio wıdth/length of pronotum; 3. Ratio widest part/base of pronotum; 4. Ratio length/width of elytra; 5. Ratio length/width of 6th antennal segment. N. Number of specimens measured.
1 2 3 4 3 N Mooreana quadrimaculata 2.95-3.5 1.57-1.59 1.19-1.2 1.38-1.39 1 -1.05 4 Microlestodes yarrae 3.4 —4.2. °1.219=1.24 1.15-1.2477 1.481.522 8 M. australiensis 2.8 -3.1 1.27-1.33 1.25-1.28 1.45-1.48 1.3 -1.4 8 M. parallelus 3.2 -3.35) 1.24=1.27 1.2. -1.22 1.561.572. 1552 4 5 M. flavicornis 2.9: —3.35.,1.32-1.37 1.191.227 1.41-1:432 052. 055 8 M. macleayi 3.1.-3.85 1.2°-1.28 1.21-1.24 1.46-1:.522 1.52 1059.19 M. psendohumeralis 3° -3.5 ..1.23-1.29 1.19-1.21.' 1.43-1.5 ° 1.55221365 6 M. rufoniger 3.1 -3,8 1.32-1.39 1.17-1.19 1.44-1.48° 7,55 2%63 8 M. inoculatus 3 3.6. 1.28-1.32 1.16-1.21 1.42=1.45 1.5216 8 M. atrıfasciatus 3.25=3,.9,,71.3. 21.37 1.2. 1217 1738-2 ER 5265 8 M. zonatus 3.7 —4.1 1.31 21.35° 1.2 1.24 ° 1.45-1.5 712521885 8 M. ovatus 2.4 -3 1.32-1.42 1.16-1.2 1.28-1.35 1.45-1.55 8
Microlestodes gen. nov. (Fig. 4)
Species belonging to this genus were originally described as Microlestes or Dromins, the latter ones were subsequently transferred to Microlestes (SLOANE 1910).
Diagnosis: Genus of subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Dromiini. Small species (up to 4.2 mm) combining following characters: Mentum without tooth and without setae; pa- raglossae surpassing, but not encircling glossa, apex of paraglossae somewhat incurved; glossa bisetose; penultimate segment of labial palpi bisetose; antennae pilose from 4th segment; base of pronotum medially lobate; elytra with two dorsal pores on 3rd interval. Humeral and apical groups of marginal pores not or moderately separated by a space free
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 29
of pores; humeral group consisting of 5, apıcal group of 6-9 pores; apex of elytra not much sinuate, rather transversely cut off; claws denticulate.
Type species: Microlestes macleayı Csıkı, 1932 (= Dromins humeralis Macıray, 1871)
The genus Microlestodes ıs composed of several well defined species groups, charac- terized as well by external characters as by structure of aedeagus. One species, however, merits the rank of an own subgenus.
Key to subgenera of Microlestodes gen. nov.
1. Elytra ovoid, convex. Wings absent, metepisternum short, quadrate. Basal and apical groups of marginal pores distinctly separated by a space. Apical group consisting of 6 pores only, the anterior 4 clearly divided into two groups ..... u a RR RE UNE BE Cyclolestodes subgen. nov.
— Elytra elongate, depressed, wings present or reduced. Metepisterna at least 1.5%x as long as wide. Basal and apical groups of lateral pores not or only slightly separated by aspace. Apical group consisting of 7-9 pores, not clearly isddledlmer Ups urn nee nee ae ee Microlestodes s. str.
Key to Australian and New Guinean species of genus Microlestodes gen. nov.
1. Elytra blackish with more or less metallic lustre, without distinct pattern (deubtfulcases.also consideredunder 7.) .:...s. 222.2 cn nennen. 2
— Elytra with more or less distinct yellow orredpattern ......... 22 .22.2.. 7
2. Elytra ovoid, convex. Metepisterna quadrate. Only 6 pores present in apical group ofmarginalpores. Apterous ... M.(Cyclolestodes) ovatus spec. nov.
— Elytra elongate, depressed. Metepisternum elongate, median border at least 1.5Xx as long as anterior border. At least 7 pores present in apical group of Biareinalpores Winsedorapterousse. nn. nn ums D
3. Large species, 3.4-4.2 mm long. Pronotum not sinuate in front of posterior angles. Surface strongly iridescent. Elytral punctures at 3rd interval foveate. Dimssıredueedees nr eu en. M. (s. str.) yarrae (BLACKBURN)
— Smallerto rather large species, 2.8-3.9 mm long. Pronotum more or less sinuate in front of posterior angles. Surface less iridescent. Elytral punctures not koyearesdithieulstosee, Fully wingsednn....nen aa. ann en ir. 4.
4. Elytra with vague red areas at shoulders and with an indistinct common median spot near apex. Aedeagus with 2-3 teeth at bottom of orifiium .......... BI a rm M. (s. str.) psendohumeralıs spec. nov.
30
Australian Dromiine ground beetles
10.
Elytra at most with traces only of lighter areas behind shoulders, without median common spot near apex. Aedeagus wıth or without teeth at bottom of ofificrtum: ra 2 ee ae ee le N
. Elytra wider, ratio length/width under 1.5, laterally more convex. Striae less
impressed, less punctate. Aedeagus with short apex, without teeth or with one tooth 4. 1.220... ae ee a ee
Elytra narrower, laterally less convex, ratio length/width 1.55 or more. Striae slightly more impressed, more punctate. Aedeagus with elongate apex and two or moreteeth at bottom of orıficium ..... M. (s. str.) parallelus spec. nov.
. Antennae infuscate. Pronotum slightly narrower, ratio width/length c. 1.3.
Aedeagus short, convex, not depressed dorsoventrally in front of orıficıum, ventral surface evenly convex (Fig. 27). Without conspicuous tooth at bottom of onikieumer 20 ee M. (s. str.) australiensis (SLOANE)
Antennae yellow. Pronotum wider, ratio width/length c. 1.35. Aedeagus more elongate, dorsoventrally depressed in front of orificıium, ventral surface bisinuate (Fig. 29). With a conspicuous tooth at bottom of orıficium ....... Ben a a lee A I NE ER M. (s. str.) flavicornis spec. nov.
Elytra black with a narrow yellow vitta behind anterior third and two lateral, subapical, transverse spots. Pronotum very wide, ratio width/length c. 1.48 .. ee ae NT M. (s. str.) cinctus (DARLINGTON)
Elytral pattern different. Pronotum less wide, ratio wıdth/length under 1.4 ..
. Elytra light with a narrow dark vitta in posterior half. Striae deeply impressed.
7 or 9, seldom 8 pores present in apicalgroup ofmarginalpores .......... Posterior two thirds of elytra dark, with or without a common, median, pre- apical light spot. Striae superficial. Always with 8 pores ın apical group of marginal'poress.. 2.2... au see ee a
. Elytral vitta rather v-shaped, posterior border of vitta strongly oblique.
Pronotum basally wide, sinuate in front of posterior angles. With 9 pores in apicalsreupormarsinalpores 0. 2 M. (s. str.) atrıfasciatus (SLOANE)
Elytral vitta wide, transverse, anterior border slightly advanced within 5th interval, posterior border slightly advanced only in middle. Pronotum basally narrower, not perceptibly sinuate in front of posterior angles. with 7, rarely 8 poresinapicalgroupofmarginalpores .... M. (s. str.) zonatus spec. nov.
Elytra without common, median, preapical spot. Borders of dark areas extremely ill’ defined. Aedeagus with short, knob-Iıke apex . .. ... mer N ee er elle ebene E M. (s. str.) inocnlatus spec. nov.
Elytra with median, common, preapical spot. Borders of dark areas better limited. Aedeagus with short or more elongate, though not knoblike apex ...
10.
uE
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 Sal
11. Head, pronotum, and dark parts of elytra black. Dark area of elytra extremely well limited, pattern conspicuous. Pronotum wider, ratio width/length over 1.3. Aedeagus with veryshortapex ...... M. (s. str.) rufoniger spec. nov.
— Pronotum and dark parts of elytra at most piceous. Dark area of elytra rather ıll defined. Pronotum narrower, ratio width/length under 1.3. Aedeagus with Blelygelonsaterapesın ta 2. ee nn a De 12%
12. Antennae and palpı completely yellow. Elytral pattern vivid, light areas yellow to reddish. Eyes large, protruding, length ratio orbit/eyeunder 0.25 ....... ee en ee a na M. (s. str.) macleayı (Csıkı)
— Antennae and palpı infuscate. Elytral pattern vague, “light” areas rather dark reddish to brown. Eyes smaller, less protruding, length ratio orbit/eye 0.3 or Orc te ee M. (s. str.) psendohumeralis spec. nov.
Subgenus Microlestodes s. str.
Microlestodes yarrae (BLAckBurn, 1892), nov. comb. (Eigs>, 12, 26, 36)
Dromius yarrae BLACKBURN, 1892, p. 71 Sloane 1910, p. 405 (Microlestes) Holdhaus 1913, p. 538 (Microlestes ?) Sloane 1920, p. 176 (Microlestes)
Csiki 1932, p. 1428 (Microlestes)
Type localıty: Upper Yarra, Victoria.
Types: Not seen. Holotype should be ın Blackburn Coll. in BMNH, but cannot be localized there, according to N. E. Stork (in Iıtt.).
Diagnosıs: Easıly distinguished by large size, absence of wings, strongly iridescent, metallic lustre of upper and lower surface, foveiform elytral pores, and laterally not si- nuate pronotum.
Measurements: Length: 3.4—4.2 mm; width: 1.45—1.65 mm; ratio wıdth/length of pronotum: 1.21-1.24; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.15—1.24; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.48—1.52.
Colour: Dark piceous, upper and lower surface with strong metallic iridescence, especially on elytra. Lateral border, suture near apex and an extremely ıli defined spot be- hind shoulders feebly lighter. Legs dark yellow, tip of femora and tibiae, and tarsı slightly infuscate. Mouthparts light brown, antennae piceous, 1st segment slightly lighter.
Head: Just slightly narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, though not much protru- ding, orbits rather large. Palpı and antennae elongate. Surface of head with very strong, isodiametric microreticulation.
32 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Ja!
Figs. 5-9. Pronota of Microlestodes species. 5. M. yarrae (BLACKBURN); 6. M. australiensis (SLOANE); 7. M. macleayı (CsiKı); 8. M. atrıfasciatus (SLOANE); 9. M. cinctus (DARLINGTON); scale: 0.5 mm.
Pronotum (Fig. 5): Slıghtly wider than long, apex as wide as base, widest at anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles protruding, though completely rounded off, lateral borders straight or slightly convex, without any sinuosity in front of posterior angles which are marked at most by a tiny obtuse knob. Median lobe of base produced, base laterally strongly oblique and convex. Median line nearly complete, deep. Surface strongly micro- reticulate with isodiametric to slightly transverse meshes.
Elytra (Fig. 12): Rather short and wide, depressed, c. 1.5X as long as wide, widest at posterior third. Shoulders obliquely rounded, lateral borders convex throughout, apex feebly sinuate. Striae superficial. Pores on 3rd interval slightly foveate. Surface wıth mi- crosculpture of very close transverse lines. Wings atrophied.
Lower surface: Strongly ırıdescent due to dense microsculpture. Metepisternum moderately elongate, median border c. 1.5 as long als anterior border. Last abdominal sternite of both sexes medially sinuate, bisetose.
Legs: 1st — 3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly widened, each wıth two rows of adhesive haırs.
JO aedeagus (Fig. 26): Rather compact, narrowed to apex. Apex short and blunt, slightly thickened. Orificium turned to left side, with strongly sclerotized border at lo- wer and posterior rim which is conspicuously invaginated. Orificium ventrally with a sclerotized bar furnished with about 5 short teeth. Left paramere elongate.
Variation: There is considerable variation of sıze and also some variation of shape of pronotum, but altogether itisa very homogenous, taxonomically fairly isolated species.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 33
Distribution (Fig. 36): New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmanıa.
Material examined (110 specimens):
New South Wales: 1 9. Mulwala, Coll. Sloane, 26. VI. 1895 (ANIC); 1 9, Mulwala, Coll. Sloane, Coll. Andrewes (BMNH);2 29, Mulwala, H. J. Carter Coll. 20.1V. 1922 (NMV); 2 0'C', Mulwala (SAM); 1 9 (SAM).
Victoria: 1 9, Melbourne, F. E. Wilson, 11.V. 1919 (NMV);1 9, Melbourne, F. E. Wilson, 4.V. 1919 (NMV); 2 29, Melbourne, C. B.Cole, 6.V. 1919 (NMV); 4 99, Woori Yallock, F. G. Wilson (NMV);1 9, Launching place, C. Oke,5.X. 1918 (NMV); 10,19, Moe, C. Oke, VII. 1930 (NMV); 1 CO’, Caulfield, C. Oke, IX. 1921 (MNV); 1 0’, Yarra Glen, Moore, 17.X. 1959 (CMC); 21 (00°, 99), Sale, Darlingtons, 1.X. 1957 (MCZ); 20 (0’0°, Q 9), Portland to Pt. Fairy, Darlingtons, IX. 1957 (MCZ, CBM); 37 (00, 22), Winchelsea, Darlıngtons, IX. 1957 (MCZ, CBM); 1 0, French Coll. (NMV).
Tasmania: 1, New Norfolk, Lea (MCZ); 10°, 2 99, New Norfolk, Lea (SAM); 1 0’, New Norfolk (SAM).
State ?:1 0,1 9, Emerald Distr. ('NMV);2 0,2 9? (NMV).
Habits and activity period: The habits of this species are largely unknown. Perhaps it lives in leaf litter of mountain forests, as it is not winged. Dated specimens have been captured from April to July and in September and October.
Microlestodes australiensis (SLOANE, 1899), nov. comb. (Figs 6, 134, 27, 37)
Dromius australiensis SLOANE, 1899, p. 583. Sloane 1910, p. 405 (Microlestes)
Holdhaus 1913, p. 538 (Microlestes ?)
Csiki 1932, p. 1427 (Microlestes)
Type localıty: Mulwala, Junee and Grenfell, New South Wales.
Types: There are 5 specimens available from the Sloane Coll. (ANIC), mounted on the same card. One is signed with an ink written “T” which possibly means “type”. The card is labelled: “Mul. 26.6.98” and “Microlestes australiensis SL.”, both labels perhaps written by Sloane himself; and “Holotype” (printed), “Microlestes australiensis SL. P.J. D.”, written by Darlington, and bears a printed label “Holotype”.
Most likely the type specimen was not selected by Sloane himself, presumably not even atype series was designated, since Sloane’s determination label cannot be the origi- nal label. Hence, these specimens cannot be regarded the holotype and paratypes, respec- tively. On these grounds I herewith designate the specimen marked by a “T” the lecto- type, the other four specimens paralectotypes.
Diagnosis: Small, black, winged species, distinguished by fairly wide elytra, dark antennae, and short compact aedeagus with short apex and without sclerotized teeth.
34 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Measurements: Length: 2.8-3.1 mm; width: 1.2-1.3 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.27—1.33; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.25—1.28; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.45—1.48.
Colour: Dark piceous to black, head slıghtly darker than elytra, surface slightly ırı- descent. Legs dirty yellow, mouthparts and antennae light brown to piceous. Lower sur- face piceous.
Head: Slightly smaller than pronotum. Eyes large, but not much projecting. Orbits gently oblique. Palpı and antennae rather elongate. Microsculpture not very conspi- cuous, consisting of longitudinal meshes.
Pronotum (Fig. 6): Wide, slıghtly heart-shaped, widest at anterior lateral seta. Ante- rıor angles slightly produced, narrowly rounded. Lateral borders convex throughout, with a shallow prebasal sinuosity. Posterior angles small, obtuse. Base medially produc- ed, laterally rather transverse, slightly oblique just behind posterior angles. Median line distinct. Microsculpture rather indistinct, irregularly transverse, medially still less dis- tinct. Surface with scattered, extremely fine punctures.
Elytra (Fig. 13): Rather short and wide, depressed. Shoulders evenly rounded, not oblique, lateral border then nearly straight to slightly convex, apex barely sinuate. Striae superficial, merely a line of fine punctures. Punctures on 3rd interval fine, barely visible. Humeral and apical groups of marginal pores not interrupted in middle, apical group consisting of 8 pores. Microsculpture moderate, consisting of irregular, transverse me- shes, intervals with very fine, scattered punctures. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum elongate, at least 13/4X as long as wıde. Last abdomi- nal sternite in both sexes slightly excised, bisetose.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of J’anterior tarsus slightly widened, biseriately clothed.
J' aedeagus (Fig. 27): Short, compact, widest at orificıum, ventral surface evenly curved. Apex short, blunt. Orificıium small, turned to left. Without sclerotized teeth ın bottom of orificıum.
Variation: Some varıation of shape of pronotum, otherwise no conspicuous varia- tion noted.
Distribution (Fig. 37): Victoria, southern New South Wales, and extreme southern tip of Western Australıa.
Material examined (32 specimens):
New South Wales: 200°, 39 2, Mulwala, 26. VI. 1898, lectotype!, paralectotypes! (ANIC); 399, Mulwala, T. G. Sloane, H. E. Andrewes Coll. (BMNH); 1, Mulwala (MCZ); 19, Grenfell (SAM); 20'0', 299, “Calosoma”, via Gunderoo, VIE 1977 (CBM, CMC); 10,19 (SAM); 10,19 (NMV).
Victoria: 19, Fern Tree Gully, C. Oke, VIII. 1926 (NMV);20'0', 19, Kooyong, FE. Wilson, 14. V.1919XNMV); 18, Hattah, C.-©Ok& X 1IDZ 0 9!
Western Australia: 2 0'0’, Augusta, B. P. Moore, 30. VIII. 1959 (CMC).
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 35
Saare 2:1 @,1 9, Black Flat, ]. GC. Goudia, VI. 129 (NMV)3G9, 12 (NMV);19, „yarrae Blackb.” (SAM).
Habits and activity period: Nothing is known on the habits of this species, with the exception that some specimens are from “leaf litter”. Dated specimens were collected from May to September.
Microlestodes parallelus spec. nov. (Figs 14, 28, 37)
Type localıty: Pine Hill, near Mt. Ragged, southwestern Australia.
Types: Holotype: 0°, 33°18’S, 123°23’E, Pıne Hill, 18 km NW by N ofMt. Ragged, 2111977, ]. E. Lawrence (ANIC). — Paratypes:2 99, Wilga, WA, 20.11:1977, at light, K. & E. Carnaby (ANIC, CBM); 229, 46km ENE of Norseman, WA, 19.-20.1.1982, B. Hanıch & T. F. Houston, No 431-1, 431-3 (WAM); 10°, 19, Fre- mantle, WA, Walker (SAM); 10°, Bridgetown, WA, Lea (SAM).
Diagnosis: A blackish, elongate species, distinguished from related species by more elongate, parallel elytraand longer aedeagus with more elongate apex and atleast 2 teeth.
Measurements: Length: 3.2—3.35 mm; width: 1.25—1.3 mm; ratio wıdth/length of pronotum: 1.24—1.27; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.2— 1.22; ratio length/width olelytra: 1.56 1.57.
Colour: Very dark piceous to blackish, head and pronotum nearly black. Legs, mouthparts and antennae brown, Ist antennal segment slightly lighter. Surface not much irıdescent.
Head: Slightly narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, but not much protruding, or- bits large, very oblique, gently sloping to neck. Palpı rather elongate, last segments of both palpı absolutely smooth. Antennae moderate. Surface densely microreticulate with slightly elongate, longıtudinal meshes.
Pronotum: Much as in M. australiensis. Rather narrow, gently heart-shaped. Ante- rıor angles produced, apex deeply excised. Laterl borders evenly convex, with gentle pre- basal sinuation. Posterior angles obtuse. Median lobe of base produced, lateral parts nearly transverse, oblique just behind posterior angles. Median line anteriorly and poste- riorly shortened, superficial. Surface finely microreticulate, with rather irregular, slightly transverse meshes.
Elytra (Fig. 14): Elongate, more than 1.5X as long as wide, rather parallel, just slightly widened to apıcal third. Shoulders widely rounded, apex feebly sinuate. Striae, at least in middle, fairly impressed, marked by distinct punctures. Median intervals faintly, but perceptibly convex. Punctures on 3rd interval inconspicuous. 8 pores in api- cal group of marginal pores. Humeral and apıcal groups not separated. Microsculpture very fine, consisting of irregular transverse lines and meshes. Winged.
36 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Lower surface: Metepisternum elongate, median border nearly twice as long as an- terior border. Last abdominal sternite ın both sexes slightly excised in middle, bisetose.
Legs: 1st-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slıghtly widened, with two rows of ad- hesive haırs.
J aedeagus (Fig. 28): Orificrum small, turned to left. Apex slightly elongate. Orifi- cıum ventrally with 3 sclerotized teeth.
Variation: According to few specimens available little varıation noted. In some spe- cimens, however, elytra posteriorly slightly wider.
Distribution (Fig. 37): Southwestern corner of Western Australia.
Material examined (10 specimens): Apart from type series two further ? specimens are doubtfully assigned to M. parallelus: 299, Augusta, WA, 30. VIII.1959, B. P. Moore (CMQC).
Habits and activity period: Virtually nothing ıs known on the habıts of this species. Two specimens were captured at light, one under stone. So far collected in January, Fe- bruary, August, and November.
Microlestodes flavicornis spec. nov. (Figs 20, 29, 37)
Type locality: Berry Springs, Northern Territory.
Types: Holotype: C', 12°41’S, 130°58’E, Berry Springs, N. T., 30 km SSE of Da win, 11.XI. 1972, at light, E. Britton (ANIC); — Paratypes: 1 0°, Daly River Mission, N. T., 17. VIII. 1974, J. Hutchinson (ANIC); 1 9,Mainoru, ENE of Katherine, N. T., 14.X11.1982, A. Walford-Huggins (CMC); 10°, Ban Ban Range via Coalstoun Lakes, Q., 1.1974, H. Frauca (ANIE); 10°, Mt. Lewis Rd.,5 km, ®., 24.xX1975,Nälterd- Huggins, Ex rain forest leaf litter (CMC); 10°, 49 9, Shipton’s Flat (S. of Cooktown), V1.1958, Q. Darlingtons (MCZ);5 00,49 9,N. of Mareeba, N. Q., 11.1958, Darlıng- tons (CBM, MCZ);1 9, Kuranda (v. Cairns), Q., c. 1000’, 11.1958, Darlingtons (MCZ); 60, 299, W. of Ravenshoe, Atherton Tab. Q., c. 3000’, 11.1958, Darlıngtons (MCZ); 1@', Rockhampton, -Qld., 11.1958, Darlinstons-MCeZ, See 37 30 m. N. of Brisbane, Qld., III. 1958, Darlingtons (CBM, MCZ).
Diagnosis: Small, black species, distinguished from related species by completely yellow antennae and palpi, rather wide pronotum and elytra, and aedeagus depressed ın front of orificıum.
Measurements: Length: 2.9—3.35 mm; width: 1.25—1.4 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.32—1.37; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.19—1.22; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.41—1.43.
Colour: Piceous-black, surface slightly ıridescent. Mouthparts, legs and antennae completely yellow. Lower surface piceous.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 3%
Head (Fig. 20): Head and its appendages of average size, rather similar to M. austra- liensis. Eyes large, laterally faırly protruding. Surface finely microreticulate with irregu- lar, elongate meshes and with extremely fine, scattered punctures.
Pronotum (Fig. 20): Rather wide, slightly heart-shaped, wider than head. Base com- paratively wide. Anterior angles produced, though completely rounded, apex evenly and fairly deeply excised. Lateral borders convex, sinuate in front of obtuse posterior angles. Median lobe of base wide, produced, lateral parts of base nearly transversal, just near posterior angles slightly oblique. Median line shortened, superficial. Surface with very fine, irregular, transverse microsculpture, more superficially in middle, and with fine punctures.
Elytra (Fig. 20): Wide, depressed, wıdest at posterior third. Shoulders evenly rounded, lateral borders rather straightly divergent. Apex nearly transverse, with very shallow sinuosity. Striae superficial, feebly punctate. Intervals depressed. Punctures on 3rd interval very inconspicuous. Apical group of marginal pores consisting of 8 pores, humeral and apical groups not interrupted. Microsculpture fine, irregular, consisting of transverse lines and meshes, intervals with fine, scattered punctures. Surface rather ırı-
descent. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum fairly elongate, median border nearly twice as long as anterior border. Last abdominal sternite of both sexes slightly excised ın middle, bise- tose.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly wıdened, clothed with two rows of adhesive hairs.
JO aedeagus (Fig. 29): Moderately elongate. Dorsal side slightly depressed ın front of orificium, ventral side gently bisinuate. Apex short, blunt. Orificıum ventrally with a sclerotized tooth.
Variation: Little varıation noted.
Distribution (Fig. 37): Known from southeastern Queensland through northern Queensland to northern parts of Northern territory.
Material examined (37 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits largely unknown, though single specimens col- lected ın rain forest leaf litter and at light. So far captured from January to March, in June, August, October, and December.
Note
M. australiensis, M. parallelus, and M. flavicornis are certainly very closely related. Indeed, it might be difficult in some cases to determine what species is concerned without examination of ©’ aedeagus, especially of number of sclerotized teeth in orificıum. Hence, these species could altogether constitute a “superspecies” or a „Rassenkreis” around most of Australia. Until more material and more information on distribution and ecology of these beetles ıs at hand, however, I consider it more helpful to describe them as species rather than subspecies or any other taxonomical unit.
38 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Microlestodes macleayi (Csıkı, 1932), nov. comb. (Eıgs’7,.10%15,30,88)
Microlestes macleayı Csıkı, 1932, p. 1427 (nom. nov. for preoccupied Microlestes humeralis (MACLEAY).
Dromins humeralis MACLEAY, 1871, p. 88
Sloane 1910, p. 405 (Microlestes humeralıs); 1920, p. 176 (Microlestes humeralıs).
Type localıty: Gayndah, Queensland.
Types: The holotype should be in the Australian Museum, Sydney (not seen). There are, however, several specimens available from the Sloane Collection, ıdentified by T. G. Sloane himself. As this ıs by far the best known, most common, and most widely ranging species, ıdentification ıs possible without considering of the type.
Diagnosıs: Distinguished by elytral pattern, yellow antennae and palpi, piceous rather than black colour or dark areas, and aedeagus with fairly elongate, not knoblike apex.
Measurements: Length: 3.1—-3.85 mm; width: 1.2—-1.5 mm; ratio wıdth/length of pronotum: 1.2—1.28; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.21— 1.24; ratio length/width of elytra: 1.46— 1.52.
Colour (Fig. 15): Head piceous-black, pronotum dark reddish to piceous, basal third of elytra dark yellow, posteriorly widely piceous, with acommon, median preapi- cal spot, laterally to 3rd or 4th interval. Suture anteriorly mostly narrowly dark, pattern rather ıll defined. Surface slıghtly ıridescent. Mouthparts, antennae and legs dark yellow, tip of femora with a small infuscate spot. Lower surface piceous, middle of abdomen, thorax, and epipleurae of elytra dirty yellow.
Head (Fig. 10): Nearly as wide as pronotum. Eyes large, laterally protruding, orbits small, rather transverse, c. 1/4 of eye length or less. Surface with very fine and dense mi- crosculpture composed from irregular longitudinal meshes and extremely fine, scattered punctures.
Pronotum (Fig. 7): Rather narrow, heart-shaped, not much wider than head, widest at anterior lateral seta. Anterior angles produced, widely rounded. Apex excised. Lateral borders evenly convex with a distinct sinuosity in front of obtuse posterior angles. An-
10 11 | Figs. 10-11. Eyeregion. 10. Microlestodes macleayı (CsıKı); 11. M. psendohumeralis spec. nov.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 39
Figs. 12-18. Left elytron of some Microlestodes species. 12. M. yarrae (BLACKBURN); 13. M. au- straliensis (SLOANE); 14. M. parallelus spec. nov.; 15. M. macleayi (Csık1); 16. M. psendohnmeralıs spec. nov.; 17. M. atrifasciatus (SLOANE); 18. M. cinctus (DARLINGTON); scale: 1 mm.
gles, however, sligthly projecting. Lateral parts of base rather transverse. Median line shortened anteriorly and posteriorly, well impressed. Lateral channel narrow, superfi- cial. Surface with very inconspicuous, irregular microsculpture and extremely fine, scat- tered punctures, rather glossy.
Elytra (Fig. 15): Rather elongate, but considerably widened to apex, depressed. Shoulders widely rounded, lateral border barely convex, in some specimens almost straight to widest part. Apex slightly sinuate. Striae superficial, not impressed, punctate, near apex marked only by arow of punctures. Lateral striae still less developed. Intervals depressed. Elytral pores on 3rd interval inconspicuous. Apical group of marginal pores consisting of 8 pores, humeral and apical groups not interrupted. Microsculpture very fine, ırregular, consisting of fine, transverse lines. Intervals with an irregular row of extre- mely fine punctures. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisterna elongate, median border almost 2.5 as long as ante- rıor border. Last abdominal sternite in both sexes gently excised in middle, bisetose.
Australian Dromiine ground beetles
40
.nov.,21.
1cornıs SPEC
scale
Mooreana quadrimaculata spec. nov., 20. Microlestodes flav
Microlestodes rufon
1)
Eies219 72
1 mm.
nov.;
lestodes inoculatus spec
ICYo
Knoy 222
ıger spec
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 41
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly widened, clothed with two rows of adhesive haırs.
JO" aedeagus (Fig. 30): Rather short, with acute, slightly elongate apex. Orificium fairly large, turned to left. Orificıium with at least two teeth.
Variation: Due to large number of specimens examined from nearly all of Australia some varıation of sıze and pattern noted. Elytral pattern ıs in some species still less defin- ed due to strong iridescence of surface. Colour may vary from light yellow and dark red- dish to reddish and dark piceous, respectively. CO genitalia, however, are not much varia-
ble.
Distribution (Fig. 38): All mainland states, also in the interior, and according to SLoANE (1920) also Tasmania, but these records refer presumably to next species. I saw no specimen from Tasmanıa.
Material examined (433 specimens): As M. macleayı occurs almost everywhere ın Australia, detailed specification of localities is rather useless. For localıties see Fig. 38. I give only the numbers of localities for each state and the numbers of specimens:
Queensland: 17 localities, 50 specimens; New South Wales: 19 localities, 71 speci- mens; Australian Capital Territory: 3 localıties, 3 specimens; Victoria: 25 localities, 136 specimens; South Australia: 22 localities, 55 specimens; Western Australia: 19 loca- lities, 45 specimens; Northern Territory: 16 localıties, 42 specimens; Without specifica- tion: 31 specimens.
Habits and activity period: In spite of the great number of specimens available, lıttle is known on the habıts of this species. Several specimens were caught at light, others in leaf litter. From my own experience in Queensland, South Australia, and northwestern Australia, this species ıs found ın leaf litter on wet ground, for example near the borders of rıvers and ponds. However, ıt is an inland species, found also in large numbers in steppe or desert areas ın the interior. Hence, it is certainly not dependent on water. Cap- tures were recorded from almost all months, the bulk of the specimens seen, however, were collected in summer months. This ıs certainly the most common and most widely ranging species of Microlestodes, occurring in almost every habitat, from rain forest to desert.
Micrfolestodes pseudohumeralis spec. nov. (Figs. 11, 16, 40)
Type localıty: Tasmanıa.
Types: Holotype: O', Tasmania, Blackburn (SAM). — Paratypes: 29 P, same loca- lity, on the same pin (CBM, SAM); 299, Hobart Tasmanıa, Lea (SAM); 19,19, Tas- manıa, “Microlestes (Dromius) humeralis Macl. var.”, H.J. Carter Coll. 20.1V.1922 (NMV); 10°, Mallee, Victoria, C. French’s Coll., 5.XI.1908 (NMV); 19, Grantville, Victoria (SAM); 19, Warnambool, Victoria, V1.1957, Dr. J. Owen (NMV); 10, Win-
42 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
chelsea, Vic., IX. 1957, Darlingtons (MCZ);19,S. Austr., C. French’s Coll., 5.XI. 1908 (NMV); 10°, Cairns, N. Q.,:V.1951, C. Oke (NMV); 2929, Kurnndan or 21.11.1952, C. Oke (NMV); 10°, “Dromius humeralis Macl.” (SAM).
Diagnosis: Very similar speciesto M. macleayı, dıstinguished by infuscate antennae, palpi, and legs; darker colour; far less distinct pattern; large dark scutellar spot; and less projecting eyes with larger orbits.
Measurements: Length: 3-3.5 mm; width: 1.2-1.3 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.23—1.29; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.19—1.21; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.43—1.5.
Colour (Fig. 16): Head and pronotum dark piceous to almost black, posterior two third of elytra and a large transverse spot around scutellum piceous. Shoulders and a common, median, preapical spot dirty yellow to light brown. Pattern normally ill defin- ed, inconspicuous. Palpı and antennae brown, 1st antennal segment mostly slightly ligh- ter. Legs dirty yellow to light brown, femora infuscate.
Head (Fig. 11): Much like M. macleayı, but eyes smaller, laterally less protruding. Orbits larger, up to !/3 of length of eyes, more obliquely sloping than in M. macleayı. An- tennae elongate, median segments c. 2X as long as wide.
Pronotum: Slightly heart-shaped, more as in M. macleayı. Generally feebly wider and less narrowed to base than in preceding species. Posterior angles obtuse, less projec- tung.
Elytra (Fig. 16): Much as in M. macleayı, rather short, generally less than 1.5x as long as wide. Striae superficıal.
JO aedeagus: Very similar to aedeagus of M. macleayıi (Fig. 30). Orificium with at least two sclerotized teeth.
Variation: Some varıation noted ın colour and distinctness of pattern. In some spe- cimens elytral pattern extremely inconspicuous and vague, in others pattern nearly as vi- vid as in M. macleayı, but dark area of elytra always larger.
Distribution (Fig. 40): So far recorded from Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and northeastern Queensland.
Material examined (16 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: As most specimens are from very old collections, noth- ing ıs known on the habits of this species. It occurs perhaps ın rather wet areas of the South and the Northeast, and it may be a wet country substitute of the dry country M. macleayı. The dull colour of elytra and appendages supports this ıdea. Dated speci- mens are from March to June, and September.
Note
This species is apparently closely related to M. macleayı. It ıs thus far uncertaın, whether M. psendohumeralıs ıs a distinct species, a subspecies or merely an ecologically
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 43
separated form of infrasubspecific status. Distribution and some morphological charac-
ters, however, support the specific status.
Microlestodes rufoniger spec. nov. (Figs 21, 31, 39)
Type localıty: Oenpelli, Northern Territory.
Iivpes:"Hlolotype: ©, 12°22°5, 13301’E, 6 km’ SW..by S. of Oenpelli, N. T., 30.V.1973, at light, E. G. Matthews (ANIC). — Paratypes: 1°, same locality, same date (ANIC); 19, same locality, 6. VI.1973, Upton & Feehan (ANIC); 2929, 12°23°S, 132°57’E, 5 km NNW. of Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, N. T., 28.V.1973, E. G. Matthews (ANIC); 1 0°, 6 9 9, 12°26’S, 132°58° E, Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, N. T., 29. V. 1973, at light, E. G. Matthews (ANIC); 1 9, 12°36°S, 132°52’ E, Ma- gela Creek, 1 km NNW. of Mudginbarry HS, N. T., 25.V.1973, Matthews & Upton (ANIC); 19, 12°40°S, 132°54’E, Magela Creek, 9km SSE. of Mudginbarry HS., 6.1X.1972, at light, E. Britton (ANIC); 19, Magela Creek, 3 km N. of Mudginberry, NT; 5.X1.1984, at light, M. & B. Baehr (CBM); 10,299, 12°46°S, 132°39’E, 12 km DIN. of Mt.-Cahill, N. T., 25.X,.1972 -at light, E, Britton (ANIC); 299, 12°47°S, 132°51’E, Baroalba Creek Springs, 19 km NE. by E. of Mt. Cahill, 28.X. 1972, at light, E. Britton (ANIC); 1 9, 12°57’5, 132°33’E, Jım Jim Creek, 19 km WSW. of Mt. Cahill, N. T., 24.X.1972, at light, E. Britton (ANIC); 10°, Fogg Dam nr. Coastal Plains Res. Stn., NT, 5.XI. 1984, atlightM. & B. Baehr (CBM); 19,2 km NW. of Windjana Gorge, 150 km E. of Derby, WA, 22.X1.1984, at light, M. & B. Baehr (CBM); 41°C, 29, Fitzroy Crossing, WA, 18.—20.XI.1984, at light, M. & B. Baehr (ANIC, BMNH, CBM, CMC, MCZ, SAM, WAM, ZSM).
Diagnosis: Distinguished from related species by pattern very conspicuous, dark areas of surface black, pronotum wide, and aedeagus with short blunt apex.
Measurements: Length: 3.1—3.8 mm; width: 1.25— 1.55 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.32—-1.39; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.17—1.19; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.44—1.48.
Colour (Fig. 21): Head and dark parts of elytra black, pronotum dark piceous to blackish, only faintly lighter than head. Anterior third of elytra, a preapical, common, median spot which is normally well removed from apex, and lateral channel reddish. Dark pattern well defined, slightly prolonged along suture, but not reaching base. Mouthparts, antennae, and legs yellowish-reddish. Prosternum, meso- and metathorax,
and abdomen light reddish.
Head (Fig. 21): Wide, though narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, strongly pro- truding, orbits small, transversely oblique. Mouthparts of average size, last segments of both palpı smooth. Antennae rather elongate, median segments c. 2X as long as wide or slightly longer. Microsculpture of surface extremely fine and dense, irregular, frons with scattered fine punctures.
44 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Pronotum (Fig. 21): Wide, especially base rather wide. Hence pronotum not heart- shaped. Anterior angles not much produced, widely rounded. Excision of apex shallow. Lateral borders evenly, but feebly convex, with a distinct prebasal sinuosity. Posterior angles obtuse. Median lobe of base wide, produced, lateral parts almost transversal, obli- que only near posterior angles. Median line anteriorly complete, well impressed. Lateral channel narrow and shallow. Microsculpture of surface inconspicuous, fine, composed of very irregular transverse lines and meshes. Surface more glossy than surface of head.
Elytra (Fig. 21): Rather wide, depressed, less than 1.5X as long as wide, wıdest at posterior third. Shoulders widely rounded, lateral border gently convex to almost straight, apex barely sınuate. Striae superficial, not impressed, marked by a dense row of punctures, intervals depressed. All striae reaching close to apex. Lateral ones still less dis- tinct. Microsculpture of surface very fine and dense, intervals wıth a row of faırly distinct punctures. Surface rather glossy. Punctures of 3rd interval inconspicuous. 8 pores in api- cal group of marginal pores, humeral and apıcal groups not interrupted. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum elongate, median border at least twice as long as an- terior border. Last abdominal sternite ın both sexes slıightly incised medially, bisetose.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly widened, clothed with two rows of adhesive haırs.
J aedeagus (Fig. 31): Short, apex short and blunt. Orificium small, turned to left, at bottom with a sclerotized tooth.
Variation: Apart from some varıation of sıze little varıation noted.
Distribution (Fig. 39): Northernmost Northern Territory and northwestern Aus- tralia north of Great Sandy Desert.
Material examined (64 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits largely unknown, most specimens captured at light. Northwestern Australian specimens collected largely near rivers. Records are avai- lable from May and June and from September to November, by far most specimens, however, collected in November. The absence of records from summer months is cer- tainly due to the inaccessibility of the far North and Northwest from December to March.
Microlestodes inoculatus spec. nov. (Figs 22, 32, 40)
Type locality: Fitzroy Crossing, northwestern Australia.
Types: Holotype: ©’, Fitzroy Crossing, WA, at light, 18.-20.X1.1984, M. & B. Baehr (ANIC). — Paratypes: 400’, 99 9, same localıty, same date (CBM, CMC, MCZ, ZSM); 19,2 km W. of Windjana Gorge, 150 km E. of Derby, WA, 22.X1.1984, at light, M. & B. Baehr (CBM); 19, Ord River nr. Ivanhoe, WA, 11.- 13. x 198227
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 45
light, M. &B. Baehr (CBM); 19, Langi Crossing, 10 m, W. Australia, 13.X.1962, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro (CAS); 40°C, 29 9, Daly River Mission, N. T., 4. VII. and 17. VIII. 1974, I. Hutchinson (ANIC); 19, 12°31’S, 132°54’E. 9 km N. by E. of Mud- ginbarry HS, NT, 26.V.1973, at light, Upton & Mc Inns (ANIC.).
Diagnosis: Characterized by dark and yellow pattern of elytra without light preapi- cal spot, and by aedeagus with short, knoblike apex.
Measurements: Length: 3—-3.6 mm; width: 1.2-1.45 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.28-1.32; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.16-1.21; ratio length/ width of elytra: 1.42—1.45.
Colour (Fig. 22): Head dark piceous, pronotum lighter brownish, dark parts of ely- tra piceous. Anterior third of elytra, lateral channel, and suture dirty yellow to light brown, posterior part dark. Pattern very ıll defined. Surface rather ıridescent. Mouth- parts, antennae, and legs dirty yellow. Lower surface light brown.
Head (Fig. 22): Nearly as wide as pronotum. Eyes very large, though moderately protruding. Orbits short, oblique. Mouthparts of average size, terminal segments of both palpi smooth. Antennae rather elongate, median segments c. twice as long as wide. Sur- face with very dense and fine, irregular microsculpture and fine, scattered punctures.
Pronotum (Fig. 22): Wide, depressed, widest at anterıor lateral seta, base wide. An- terior angles moderately produced, widely rounded. Excision of apex moderate, slightly bisinuate. Lateral borders moderately convex, distinctly sinuate ın front of the obtuse posterior angles. Median lobe of base wide, produced, lateral parts almost transverse. Median line nearly complete, well impressed. Lateral channel narrow. Microsculpture of surface very fine, superficıal, ırregular. Surface with fine, scattered punctures.
Elytra (Fig. 22): Rather wide, strongly depressed, widest in last third. Shoulders widely rounded, lateral border slightly convex to almost straight, apex barely sınuate. Striae feebly impressed, complete, densely punctate. Intervals near base feebly convex, then depressed. Lateral strıae not much weaker than dorsal ones. Microsculpture super- ficial, though distinct, consisting of very irregular transverse meshes and lines. Intervals with a row of fine punctures. Surface strongly iridescent. Pores on 3rd interval inconspi- cuous. 8 pores in apıcal group of marginal pores. Humeral and apıcal groups not inter- rupted. Lateral channel rather wide. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum elongate, median border c. twice as long as anterior border. Last abdominal sternite in both sexes medially slightly excised, bisetose.
Legs: 1st-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly widened, clothed with two rows of adhesive hairs.
J aedeagus (Fig. 32): Short, with short, knob-like apex. Orificium rather large, turned to left, lower border strongly sclerotized. At bottom apparently without teeth.
Variation: Rather variable ın size and extension of dark elytral pattern. The anterior border of dark area may be extremely ill defined. In other respects little variation noted.
46 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Distribution (Fig. 40): Extreme northern parts of Northern Territory and north- western Australia north of Great Sandy Desert.
Material examined (24 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits largely unknown, most specimens collected at light near rıvers wıth standing or running water. Collecting records available from May, July, August, October, and November, the bulk of specimens, however, from Novem- ber. This species is certainly also a wet season form, but records from summer months lack due to the inaccessibility of the region where it occurs.
Microlestodes atrifasciatus (SLOANE, 1910), nov. comb. (Figs 8, 17, 33, 39)
Microlestes atrifasciatus SLOANE, 1910, p. 404, 405 Csikı 1932, p. 1427 (Microlestes) Darlington 1968, p. 136
Type locality: Kuranda, North Queensland.
Types: I examined three specimens, all slıghtly to rather destroyed, mounted on the same card, and labelled “Syntype” (printed label) and “Prob. Types of Microlestes atrıfas- cıatus Sl. P. J. D.”, written by Darlington (ANIC). They also bear a printed label ”Kur- anda, Queensland” and the card has a note “63 n. sp.”, written by Sloane. Perhaps no other specimens are available which could serve as types. Because the card was labelled by Sloane himself, I also think the specimens reasonably types and I designate the least destroyed specimen the lectotype, the two others paralectotypes. This designation is not-
ed on the label.
Diagnosis: Easıly distinguished from most other species by pattern and by narrow, elongate aedeagus with extremely elongate apex, additionally from next related species by elytral vitta distinctly v-shaped and pronotum perceptibly sinuate in front of poste- rıor angles.
Measurements: Length: 3.25—3.9 mm; width: 1.4—-1.7 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.3—1.37; ratio wıdest part/base of pronotum: 1.2—-1.21; ratio length/width of elytras 1.38 1.42.
Colour (Fig. 17): Head and pronotum dark piceous with strong metallic lustre, head just slıghtly darker than pronotum. Elytra light yellow, a v-shaped vitta of slightly varıa- ble shape ın posterior half of elytra, a small spot on each side of scutellum, and two spots on 4th and 7th intervals near apex piceous to black. Elytral vitta outside of 6th interval slightly to strongly extended posteriorly. Sometimes a spot on 8th interval separated from main part of vitta. Other dark spots rather varıable in extension and intensity. Ely- tral striae conspicuously striped with light brown. Mouthparts and antennae yellow, me- dıan and apical segments of antennae slightly darker. Legs yellow, apex of tibiae and tar- sus light brown. Lower surface piceous.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 47
Head: Much narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, rather protruding, orbits short, oblique, but not convex. Mouthparts rather elongate, apical segments of both palpi smooth. Antennae medium-sized, median segments barely twice as long as wide. Surface conspicuously microreticulate with isodiametric meshes.
Pronotum (Fig. 8): Much wider than head, widest at anterior lateral seta. Apex gently sinuate, anterior angles slightly produced, widely rounded. Lateral border evenly convex, slightly sinuate in front of obtuse posterior angles. Base rather wide, median lobe produced, lateral parts oblique. Median line complete, rather conspicuous. Lateral chan- nel deep. Microsculpture of surface conspicuous, consisting of slıghtly transverse meshes.
Elytra (Fig. 17): Short and wide, slightly widened to apex. Depressed. Shoulders widely rounded, lateral borders gently convex, apex barely sinuate. Striae rather impress- ed, punctate. Intervals slightly convex. 3rd and 4th striae united in last forth, again sepa- “ rated just in front of apex to build a cell including the apical dark spot. 5th and 6th striae uniting and ending far before apex. Puntures of 3rd interval conspicuous, not grooved. Apical group of marginal pores consisting of 9 pores, humeral and apıcal groups not in- terrupted. Surface with strong, rather isodiametric microsculpture. Intervals with an ır- regular row of extremely fine punctures. Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum very elongate, median border at least 2.5x as long as anterior border. Last abdominal sternite ın both sexes slightly excised medially, bisetose.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of © anterior tarsus slightly widened, clothed with two rows of adhesive haırs.
JO’ aedeagus (Fig. 33): Narrow and elongate with very elongate and delicate apex. Orificıum large, strongly turned to left, without sclerotized teeth.
Variation: Some varıation of sıze and pattern noted, otherwise lıttle varıatıon.
Distribution (Fig. 39): Queensland, ? northern New South Wales. There ıs a sıngle specimen from the Darlington Coll. (MCZ), labelled Lismore, NSW, which is evidently aM. atrifasciatus. This would mean the single record south of 20°S, more than 1000 km away from most southern record in Queensland.
Material examined (60 specimens):
Queensland: 11 JJ, QQ, Shiptons flat, 15°47’S, 145°14’E, 17.—19. X. 1980, T. Weir (ANIC, CBM); 1 9, 15°16°S, 144°59’E, 15 km W. by N. of Hope Vale Missiom, 8.10.%4980, 7: Weir (ANIC); 19, 15°%47°S, 145°17°E, Moses Cr, 4km N. by E. 01 Mt. Finnigan, 14.-16.%.1980, T. Weir (ANIC); 20°C, 1?, Kuranda, lectotype!, para- lectotypes! (ANIC); 10, Black Mt. Road, Kuranda, 2. XII. 1967, J. G. Brooks (CMC); 10°, 19, Cairns, XII. 1970, J. G. Brooks (ANIC); 10,3 kmN. of Atherton, 5.V.1970, J. G. Brooks (ANIC); 16 0’0°, 29, Atherton, XII. 1957-11. 1958, Darlıngtons (CBM, MEZ) Te, 3929, Barrıne Nat. Pk., 21.11.1975, R.W. Taylor (ANIC); 19, Eacham NaeaDk2 16. 11219735 ]..G. Brooks (ANIC); 105, 3992, same localıty, 23.11.1975, R.Q. Taylor (ANIC); 10°, 12km SSW. of Herberton, The Crater N. P., 25.1.1972,
48 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
J. G. Brooks (ANIC); 19, Green Hills, 19. X11. 1967, ]. G. Brooks (ANIC); 1 0°, Bingil Bay, 17°50°S, 146°06°’E, 25. VIII. 1977, M. S. Upton (ANIC); 300‘, 829, Boar Pk. Road, 8 kmN. of Gillies Hwy., 26. XT1. 1969, J. G. Brooks (ANIC, CMC.).
New South Wales: 10, Lismore, TV.1958, Darlingtons (MCZ).
Habits and activity period: Nothing is actually known on the habıts of this species. Single specimens have been collected at light and in leaf litter. Records are available from December to May and from August to October, though by far most specimens were col- lected ın summer.
Microlestodes zonatus spec. nov. (Figs 4, 23, 34, 39)
Type localıty: Wilsons Promontory, Victoria.
Types: Holotype: 9, Wilsons Promontory N. P., Lilly Pilly Tr., Vic., 14.V. 1978, S. &.J. Peck (ANIC). — Paratypes: 19, Mt. Gingera, NSW., 15.107 19692 SN115%o (ANIC); 30°0°, 599, "Calosoma”, via Gunderoo, NSW, 6. V1-19724 371191928: 8.VM1. 1978, BP. Moore, Forest litter Berlese.extract (CBM} @EME)
\ ; $ v7 > I WEN, wi 5; if} we IN uf \ 1 Ka vr
SS Sie, GR
ET
ar an.
AyRE® Er BIT BER HREINTS- E3E
24
Figs. 23-24. 23. Microlestodes zonatus spec. nov.; 24. M. ovatus spec. nov.; scale: 1 mm.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 49
Diagnosis: At once distinguished by pattern and from next related species by elytral vitta not v-shaped and pronotum not perceptibly sinuate in front of posterior angles.
Measurements: Length: 3.7—4.1 mm; width: 1.5—1.65 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.31—1.35; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.2— 1.24; ratio length/width of elytra:1.45-1.5.
29 35
Figs. 25-35. CO’ aedeagı of species of Mooreana and Microlestodes. 25. Mooreana quadrımaculata spec. nov.; 26. Microlestodes yarrae (BLACKBURN); 27. M. australiensis (SLOANE); 28. M. parallelus spec. nov.; 29. M. flavicornis spec. nov.; 30. M. macleayı (Csıkı); 31. M. rufoniger spec. nov.; 32. M. inoculatus spec. nov.; 33. M. atrifasciatus (SLOANE); 34. M. zonatus spec. nov.; 35. M. ovatus spec. nov. All from left side, 26b seen from right side.
50 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Colour (Fig. 23): Head and pronotum dark piceous to blackish, slightly iridescent (in holotype reddish-brown). Elytra yellow, a rather wide, transverse vitta in posterior half black, lateral and apıcal borders and a spot near scutellum vaguely dark. Striae not darkened. Mouthparts dark yellow, 1st and 2nd segments of antennae yellow, 3rd seg- ment piceous, following segments light brown. Legs yellow, apex of tibiae and tarsi in- fuscate. Lower surface piceous, posterior border of last abdominal sternite yellow.
Head (Figs 4, 23): Slightly narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, but not much pro- truding. Orbits rather small, oblique. Palpı rather elongate, last segments smooth. An- tennae short and stout, median segments ce. 1.3X as long as wide. Surface distinctly mi- croreticulate, meshes isodiametric.
Pronotum (Fig. 23): Wider than head, at base rather narrow, widest at anterior lat- eral seta. Anterior angles produced, widely rounded. Apex deeply excised. Lateral bor- ders anteriorly to apex strongly rounded, behind anterior seta to base less convex. Wi- thout sinuosity in front of very obtuse posterior angles. Median lobe of base strongly produced, lateral parts rather oblique. Median line anteriorly and posteriorly shortened, in middle well impressed. Lateral channel shallow. Microsculpture of surface moderate, consisting of slightly transverse meshes.
Elytra (Fig. 23): Depressed, rather wide, widest in posterior third. Shoulders round- ed, lateral border slightly convex throughout. Apex without any sinuosity, even slightly convex. Striae superficial, not perceptibly impressed, marked by fine punctures. Intervals depressed. 3rd and 4th, and 5th and 6th striae, respectively, united just a short distance before apex, 3rd and 4th not separated again. Dorsal punctures inconspicuous. Apical group of marginal pores consisting of 7, rarely 8 pores on one side. Humeral and apical groups not interrupted. Microsculpture of surface strongly reduced, inconspicuous, con- sisting of very fine, irregular transverse meshes, surface almost smooth, rather glossy.
Winged.
Lower surface: Metepisternum moderately elongate, median border c. 1.5X as long as anterior border. Last abdominal sternite in both sexes feebly excised medially, bise- tose.
Legs: Ist-3rd segments of ©’ anterior tarsus slightly widened, clothed wıth two rows of adhesive haırs.
J aedeagus (Fig. 34): Moderately elongate, dorsally slightly convex, with elongate apex. Orificium turned to left, without sclerotized teeth.
Variation: Littel varıation noted. Distribution (Fig. 39): Southern New South Wales, southeastern Victoria. Material examined (10 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits not well known, some specimens collected in leaf litter of Eucalypt forest. So far captured in February and from May to July.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 51
Microlestodes cinctus (DarLingron, 1968), nov. comb. (Figs 9, 18, 39) Microlestes cinctus DARLINGTON, 1968, p. 136 Type localıty: Feramin, Papua New Guinea.
Types: Holotype (seen): O, New Guinea, NE., Feramin, 150-120 m, 11.—22.V. 1959, W. W. Brandt (BMH).
Diagnosis: Easily distinguished from all other species of Microlestodes by pattern.
Darlington (1968) gives a good description of this species and he compares it with M. atrifasciatus (Sloane) from North Queensland. Indeed, M. cinctus seems most closely related to M. atrıfasciatus and M. zonatus, asthe JO’ aedeagus has the same elongate apex,
et . 20
, >?" u D 3
ao
RER
W Fig. 36. Distribution of Syntomus quadripunctatus (SCHMIDT-GÖBEL) in Australia: @; of Moore- ana quadrimaculata spec. nov.: @; and of Microlestodes yarrae (BLACKBURN): 4.
52 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
the microsculpture is also very distinct, and the pronotum is laterally evenly rounded, without sinuosity in front of posterior angles.
Distribution (Fig. 39): Known from two localıties in Papua New Guinea. Not yet recorded from Australia.
Material examined (1 specimen): Holotype.
Note
The three last species M. atrıfasciatus, M. zonatus, and M. cinctus are aconspicuous, separate group within genus Microlestodes, not closely related to any of the other species.
Cyclolestodes subgen. nov.
Type species: Microlestodes ovatus spec. nov.
Diagnosis: Much alike Microlestodes s. str., but elytra ovoid, convex; metepisterna short, quadrate; wings absent; humeral and apıcal groups of marginal pores separated by an interspace; and apıcal group consisting of 6 pores only, the two anterior groups oftwo pores each well separated. Tactile setae of elytra conspicuously elongate.
Microlestodes ovatus spec. nov. (Figs 24, 35, 40)
Type localıty: Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory.
Types: Holotype: J’, Black Mt. W. face, 620 m, A. C. T., 8. VII. 1970, J. Simmons (ANIC). — Paratypes: 6500, 99, Black Mt, A.C.T., 29.1X, 1962 79 21997 31.V.1968, 4.XTII.1969, 23.1.1970, 30.1.1970, 27.11. 1970, 26.V. 197 0 E27 3.V1.1970, 17.V1.1970,.23. VI. 1970, 8. VIL. 1970, collectors: G. G. Brooks, EAKirkby,, C. A. Mould, J. Simmons, I. C. Taplın, R. W. Taylor (ANIC, CBM); 18 J’0', 9,Mt. Ainslie, A. E.-T5 9.1. 1968, 27.XT. 1969, 11.V111. 1970, EG Brock a e EB (ANIC);2 99, Black Mt., A. C. T., 21.X. 1976, B.P. Moore (CMC); 19, New England Nat. Pk., c. 4700’, NSW, 2.11.1968, R. W. Taylor (ANIC); 1 9, Q’beyan, Mt. Jarrabom- bera, NSW, 750 m, 14. XII. 1969, I. C. Taplın (ANIC); 4929, Federal Hwy, NSW, 28.X.1962, 29. III. 1964, B. P. Moore (CMC); 19, Kangaroo Vy, NSW, 7.1X.1963, B. P. Moore (CMC); 599, “Calosoma” vıa Gunderoo, NSW, 6.1V.1969, 5.VI. 1977, 8. VII. 1978, B. P. Moore (EMC); 60'0°, 29, Chiltern For. Vietoria, I 1967 Res Melnnes (ANIC); 20’, 1 Q, Beachworth, Vic., VI.1942, C. Oke (NMV).
Diagnosis: Easıly distinguished by convex, ovoid body shape and short, quadrate metepisterna.
Measurements: Length: 2.4—-3 mm; width: 1.15—1.35 mm; ratio width/length of pronotum: 1.32—1.42; ratio widest part/base of pronotum: 1.16— 1.2; ratio length/width of elytra:11.28 1.35.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 58
Fig. 37. Distribution of Microlestodes australiensis (SLOANE): @; of M. parallelus spec. nov.: @; and of M. flavicornis spec. nov.: &.
Colour: Piceous, head feebly darker. Surface rather glossy. Antennae and mouth- parts yellow to light reddish, legs whitish. Lower surface piceous.
Head (Fig. 24): Narrow, elongate, narrower than pronotum. Eyes large, moderately protruding, far removed from apex of pronotum. Orbits moderate, oblique. Terminal segments of labial palpı short and thick, terminal segments of both palpı with extremely fine, scattered pilosity. Antennae moderate, median segments c. 13/4X as long as wide. Microsculpture of surface very fine with rather irregular transverse meshes which turn to longitudinal direction near eyes, and extremely fine, scattered punctures.
Pronotum (Fig. 24): Wide, slightly convex, much wider than head, widest far ante- rıorly of anterior lateral seta. Apex moderately excised. Lateral borders strongly convex from anterior seta to anterior angles. Posteriorly lateral border almost straight to slightly
54 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Fıg. 38. Distribution of Microlestodes macleayıi (CsıK1).
convex. In some specimens only a feebly sinuosity present in front of obtuse posterior angles. Median lobe not much produced, not distinctly separated from rather oblique lat- eral parts of base. Median line shortened anteriorly and posteriorly, in middle, however, distinct and well impressed. Lateral channel narrow, but rather deep, conspicuous. Mi- crosculpture of surface superficıal, irregularly transverse. Surface rather glossy.
Elytra (Fig. 24): Short, wıde, ovoid, fairly convex. Shoulders obliquely rounded, lateral border strongly convex throughout, elytra widest ın last third. Apex barely excı- sed, slightly oblique. Striae superficial, not impressed, inconspicuously punctate. Lateral striae even less distinct. Intervals depressed. Microsculpture superficial, inconspicuous, consisting of very fine transverse lines. Intervals with extremely fine, scattered punc- tures. Surface strongly iridescent. Punctures on 3rd interval inconspicuous. Humeral and apical groups of marginal pores interrupted by an interspace 1.5—2X as wide as space be- tween the two posterior pores of the humeral group. Apical group consisting of 6 pores
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 93
only, the anterior two groups of two pores each well separated. Lateral setae remarkably elongate.
Lower surface: Metepisternum short, quadrate. Last abdominal sternite in both sex- es slightly excised medially, bisetose.
Legs: All legs rather short. Ist-3rd segments of ©’ anterior tarsus feebly dilatated, clothed with two rows of adhesive haırs.
J’ aedeagus (Fig. 35): Elongate, narrow, apex rather elongate, conspicuously bent down. Orificium elongate, turned to left. Inner sac without sclerotized teeth, rather
simply folded.
Variation: Considerable varıatıion of sıze noted. Small specimens tend to possess narrower, more heart-shaped pronotum with perceptibly sinuate lateral border, and even more convex elytra.
Distribution (Fig. 40): Eastern New South Wales from New England National Park southwards, A. C. T., and eastern Victoria.
Material examined (107 specimens): Only type series.
Habits and activity period: Habits little known. This ıs presumably a montane spe- cıes living ın leaf litter of mountain forests, especially of Dry Sclerophyli Forest ın me- dıan altitudes, as many specimens are from Berlese samples. Single specimens also from Eucalypt-Nothofagus Forest, especially in the northernmost part of the range. Records are available from almost all months.
Note
This species is certainly well ısolated from all other Microlestodes. But ıt might be an early offshoot of the M. australiensis-parallelus-flavicornis-group with several special adaptations due to its specialized habits of a mountain forest litter species.
Discussion
Relationships of the Australian Dromiinı
Apparently three genera of Dromiini live in Australia: Syntomus (Metabletus), Mooreana, and Microlestodes. Microlestes, however, reaches perhaps only New Guinea. Because the Dromiine fauna of the neighbouring countries is certainly not well known — in spite of Darlingtons work on New Guinea (1968), Micronesia (1970), and Jedlickas (1963) review of the South-east-Asıan fauna — establishment of the real phylogenetical relations of the Australian fauna is difficult. Only in Syntomns and Microlestes the rather recent oriental origin of the single species, respectively, is not doubtful. Relationships of Mooreana and Microlestodes, however, are rather obscure. The single species of Moore- ana shows some striking similarities in shape and pattern with certain Oriental Syntomus (see f. e. JEDLicKkA 1963) and indeed, Mooreana seems to come close to Syntomus by virtue
56 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
of the presence of a mental tooth, of mental setae and of additional apical setae on the glossa. The single species is endemic to a small patch of rainforest in mıd Cape York Pe- nınsula, where some other spectacular Carabıd species of obscure relationships occur (Moore 1975, BAEHR in press).
Microlestodes is a rather diverse genus; some species remember strongly true Micro- lestes species, others are superficially more like certain Syntomus. The genus as a whole, however, is more related to Microlestes than to Syntomus or any other Dromiine genus occurring in the neighbourship.
Within Microlestodes several clear-cut species groups can be sorted out: 1. The atrı- fasciatus-zonatus-cinctus-group; 2. the macleayi-psendohumeralis-rufoniger-inoculatus- group; 3. the australiensis-parallelus-flavicornis-group; 4. the yarrae-group; and 5. the ovatus-group. An attempt is made to show the supposed relations ofthe groups and spe- cıiesinacladistic approach (Fig. 41). This diagram, however, ıs highly arbitrary, as several character states supposed to be apomorphic could also be looked upon as plesiomorphic, because no phylogenetical analysis of the whole trıbe Dromiini is available. Therefore few phylogentical trends within this trıbe are known. In the following list of supposed apomorphic character states small letters beside numbers indicate convergently evolved apomorphic states of a character. In some characters the state is highly doubtful. In some cases no obvious apomorphic state has been found, such incertain dichotomies are ındı- cated by dotted lines.
1. Glossa with additional median setae. 2. Lateral pores of apıcal marginal pores of elytra condensed to two separate groups of three pores each. . Mentum without tooth. . Tooth of mentum bidentate. . Paraglossae completely surrounding glossa and apically fused together.
3
4
5
6. Mentum basally without setae.
7. Antennae pilose from 4th segment.
8. Elytra with conspicuous pattern of light or dark transverse vittae or spots. 9. Elytra strongly depressed.
10. With tendence to enlargement of body.
11. Number of apıcal marginal pores of elytra reduced or increased from original 8.
12. Apex of ©’ aedeagus strongly elongated.
13. Striation of elytra reduced, striae superficial. States a and b convergent.
14. Microsculpture of elytra reduced.
15. Number of apıcal marginal pores of elytra reduced to 7.
16. Number of apıcal marginal pores of elytra increased to 9. States aand b certainly con-
vergent.
17. Pronotum extremely widened.
18. 3rd and 4th striae united near apex to form a small, ovalish cell.
19. Elytral striae striped with brown.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 97%
Fig. 39. Distribution of Microlestodes rufoniger spec. nov.: W; of M. atrıfasciatus (SLOANE): @; of M. zonatus spec. nov.: A; and of M. cinctus (DARLINGTON): 3.
20: 2) 22. 23. 24, 25: 26. 27: 28.
Pattern reduced, indistinct.
Elytra without common preapıcal spot.
J aedeagus with distinct apıcal knob.
J aedeagus with at least two teeth ın orıficıum. Pattern extremely well limited, colour deeply black. Apex of © aedeagus shortened, indistinctly knob-like. Eyes very large.
Pattern inconspicuous, colour altogether dull. Antennae, palpi, and legs infuscate.
Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Fig. 40. Distribution of Microlestodes psendohnumeralis spec. nov.: 4; of M. inoculatus spec. nov.: @; and of M. ovatus spec. nov.: @.
29. 30. Ile 92, 33: 34. 35. 36.
DyE 38: 3% 40.
Pattern completely reduced.
J aedeagus with sinuate dorsal and ventral surfaces.
J aedeagus with a tooth in orificıum.
Antennae and palpı infuscate.
Apex of JO’ aedeagus elongate.
J" aedeagus with two teeth ın orificium.
Posterior wings atrophied. States a and b convergent.
Metepisternum shortened. 36 b isa even more apomorpbhic state, presumably of con- vergent origin.
Shoulders obliquely rounded off. States a and b convergent.
Surface strongly ırıdescent. States a and b convergent.
Dorsal punctures of elytra impressed.
J aedeagus with sclerotized bar in orificium, armoured with several teeth.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 59
41. Orificium of © aedeagus strongly excised, latero-ventrally with explanate rım.
42. Body oval and convex.
43. Eyes depressed, orbits large.
44. Humeral and apical groups or marginal elytral pores well separated.
45. Apical group of marginal elytral pores reduced to 6, two anterior groups of pores well separated.
46. Marginal setae of elytra very elongate.
The atrıfasciatus-group ıs separated from the main body of the genus by pattern, body shape, structure of elytral striation and microsculpture, and shape of JO’ aedeagus. The three species are certainly closely related. The group combines rather primitive with
[02]
3
16)
Ro
>
© 20c 35b 36b 37b 38b 42 43 44 45 46
41
Fig. 41. Preliminary diagram of the supposed phylogentical relationships of the Australien genera and species of Dromiini. For explanation of character state numbers see text. States aand b of conver- gent origin.
several derivatıve character states.
Microlestodes
u
a un a! u fo) Br 2 iD u 0) 0) ® w ) ® = u < un S Br en 3 u E & =; © 3 Re en (9) pD © en =) = 4 A E ü © = 2 n v 60 > ci ° © ee) ° $ 4 3 3 x) = = o ° ° - e p L oO 2 > “ 3 > © ge) di 4 u = ° u do (6) | (6) 6) A = > {ae} +» > ° = 5 3 5 ° > 3 5 5 er 3
u x + [e A
= = N ° en dl 7 =) ai 4 2. o
26
23
—— HH HHHHHEHHUHR —— yarrae IIND N IN IN DH FISNGSIWIIONUL @ION
Veenernen
13a 14
60 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
Most other species groups are perhaps more closely related than to the atrıfasciatus- group. Especially the macleayı- and australiensis-groups are not well separated, and actu- ally it is rather difficult to distinguish the more generalized species of either groups. Both groups and also M. yarrae possess a more or less distinct basıc elytral pattern, with at least a lighter spot behind shoulders and traces of acommon preapical spot. This basıc pattern is in different ways reduced or varied, but almost all species possess to some de- gree remnants of it.
The macleayı-group represents perhaps the most generalized Microlestodes, with M. macleayı being perhaps the most generalized species.
The australiensis-group ıs certainly closely related to the macleayı-group. By virtue of the simple J’ aedeagus and the still perceptible pattern M. australiensis seems to be most generalized. M. parallelus, which ıs very closely related to M. australiensis and which can be distinguished without difficulty only in the ©’ sex, and M. flavicornis seem slightly more advanced.
M. yarrae and perhaps also M. ovatus are presumably early offshoots of the austra- liensis-group. Both species show some highly apomorphic character states presumably depending on reduction of wings due to the lıfe in the leaf litter of (mountain) forests. But these trends are most likely convergently evolved in M. yarrae and M. ovatus and do not point to close relationship of both species. Certainly M. ovatus ıs by far the most derived species of the whole genus.
Distribution
Distribution of the Australian Dromiine fauna is certainly not fully known, because extensive areas, especially in the far North and the West are unsatisfactorily collected, and new collecting methods — for example the use of light traps or Berlese sampling — may reveal a considerable enlargement of the range of species as well as the discovery of even new species. Almost all numerous specimens of M. ovatus, for example, were col- lected by Berlese extraction of leaf litter in Eucalypt forest, where this new species seems to be rather common. The ranges of species are therefore not definitive and should con- sıdered with some caution.
In almost all parts of Australia at least one Microlestodes-species (M. macleayı) oc- curs. The single exception is perhaps the Cape York Peninsula, from where so far no re- cord was available. But this does not preclude the discovery of a Microlestodes species, when this large area is better explored. The ranges of Mooreana and Syntomus ın Austra- lia are more restricted. Mooreana occurs only in the small Rocky River area in the middle of the Cape York Peninsula. The single Australian Syntomus is distributed in eastern
Queensland.
The distribution pattern of the Microlestodes species ıs rather disproportionate (see Tab. and Fig. 42). Eastern Queensland has apparently the most numerous and diverse
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 61
Table 3. Distribution of genera, species groups, and species in the natural zoogeographical regions of Australia. NG: New Guinea; NE: northeastern Australia; SE: southeastern Australia; Tas: Tas- mania; SW: southwestern Australia; W: Western Australia south of Great Sandy Desert, north of about Geraldton); NW: northwestern Australia (north of Great Sandy Desert); NT: tropical part of Northern Territory; C: Central Australia, dry parts of all states.
State genera groups species NG Microlestes, Sytomus, Microlestodes 3 3 NE Mooreana, Syntomus, Microlestodes 5 6 SE Microlestodes 5 5 Tas Microlestodes ? 2 SW Microlestodes 2 3 W Microlestodes 1 1 NW Microlestodes 1 3 NT Microlestodes 22 4
C Microlestodes 1 1
fauna on the whole, followed by southeastern Australia, where, however, still more Mi- crolestodes species exist. Northern and northwestern Australia and the southwestern cor- ner of Western Australia possess several species, but the group diversity is very low. Cen- tral and western Australia, on the other hand, is extremely poor ın species. The distribu- tion of species groups of Microlestodes is therefore quite different:
The atrifasciatus-group ıs completely restricted to eastern Australia and New Gui- nea.
The most generalized species of the macleayı-group ıs distributed over whole main- land Australia, more derivative species live in humid regions of northeastern Queensland and in the far South, or in the far North and Northwest.
The australiensis-group occurs in wet country of northern, eastern and south- western Australia.
The yarrae- and ovatus-groups range exclusively over south-eastern Australia.
As pattern of distribution demonstrates, all species groups and most species belong to amesophilous fauna, while single species only are able to live in dry country. This sta- tement, however, is rather cursory, as far as we do not know, where the species actually live. Unfortunately, little information is available upon ecological requirements and habitat choice, since most species were commonly collected at light and many ofthe older specimens do not bear any information to collecting cırcumstances. Collecting by light trap, however, has the disadventage to preclude any precise identification of the real hab- tat.
In a short review I shall try to summarize, what is actually known:
Mooreana: Unknown, perhaps in rain forest litter.
Metabletus: Unknown, single specimens collected in open woodland. M. yarrae: Unknown. Due to loss of flying ability perhaps in leaf litter. M. australiensis: Unknown, some specimens ın leaf litter.
62 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
M. parallelus: Unknown.
M. flavicornis: Largely unknown, single species ın rain forest lıtter and at light.
M. macleayi: Little known, mostly collected at light. Some specimens from leaf litter. Commonly found in rather dry areas.
M. psendohumeralis: Unknown, single specimens from leaf litter. Generally recorded from rather humid areas.
M. rufoniger: Little known, nearly all specimens at light. Prevailing in open woodland to dry savannah and semidesert, but mostly near water.
M. inoculatus: Little known. Most specimens from light in the same habitats as M. rufo- nıger.
M. atrifasciatus: Little known, single specimens at light and ın leaf litter, but without ın- dication of sort of habıtat.
1 a . oO N " So me? » = \ ;
... Ir .
Fig. 42. Distribution of species and groups in the natural zoogeographical subregions of Australıa. Species noted at fırst place.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 63
M. zonatus: Unknown, perhaps in leaf litter of open forest.
M. cinctus: Unknown.
M. ovatus: Montane species, living in leaf litter of mountain Sclerophyll forests to No- thofagus forest in the northern part of range.
So far known, most species seem to live predominantly nocturnal, because captures during day time are apparently fairly rare and most species come readily to light. In spite of the poor informations we may conclude, that the litter life of M. ovatus and M. yarrae is presumably a rather derivative life style, the more, as both species show strong apo- morphic adaptations to this life. Judging from the known habiıts of European, African, and Asıan Microlestes and Syntomus which are at least partly diurnal and do commonly forage in the bright sun in dry, open habitats, the habits of the Australian Microlestodes seem generally more specialized.
As aconclusion, most parts of Australia differ conspicuously in diversity and phylo- genetical status of their Dromiine fauna:
Northeastern Queensland has the most diverse fauna including the single undoubt- edly Oriental faunal element (Syntomus), and ıt contains some rather derivative species.
Southeastern Australia ıs nearly as rich in species as northeastern Australia, but lacks species of other genera than Microlestodes. This region holds the most derivative species of the whole genus.
Tasmania has an impoverished southeastern fauna; both occurring species are rather derivative.
The fauna of southwestern Australia is rather poor; the species are rather generaliz- ed to slightly derivative.
In northwestern and far northern Australia the diversity is rather low, most occur- ring species are faırly derivative.
The Centre and the Far West contains a single, presumably generalized species only.
If the supposed phylogenetic status of the species is correct and the original habıtat of Microlestodes was a more or less dry Savannah country, then ecological shifts occurred presumably within some species, either into rain forest or mountain forest, or into semi- desert and desert country.
Faunal history of Dromiini in Australia
Little is known on the faunal history ofthe Australian Dromiini, because we do not know exactly the next relatives outside of Australia and, moreover, no attempt has been made towards a phylogenetic classification of the whole tribe. This applies especially to Mooreana and Microlestodes, while Syntomus ıs evidently arather young northern faunal element, immigrated alongthe New Guinea-Cape York bridge into eastern Queensland.
Only one rather highly evolved species of Microlestodes lives in New Guinea, all other species are endemic to Australia which is most likely the evolutionary centre of Mi-
64 Australian Dromiine ground beetles
crolestodes. With respect to species and species group diversity the centre of the genus within Australia is either in eastern Queensland or ın southeastern Australia. Besides of species common to both regions, they contain two closely related pairs of species, respec- tively, from two different groups: M. atrıfasciatus — M. zonatus, M. flavicornis — M. australiensis (Queensland first, respectively). But southeastern Australia has also two specialized species absent from Queensland (M. yarrae, M. ovatus). Hence, eastern, per- haps northeastern, Queensland is presumably the original centre of Microlestodes, from where stocks invaded other parts of Australia. The Cape York Peninsula, however, has a surprisingly poor Dromiine fauna. Actually, no record of a Microlestodes ıs known to me from that area. This is further evidence of the Australian origin of Microlestodes.
The fauna of the northern tropical part of Northern Territory shows strong affın- ities to that of northern Queensland (M. flavicornis), as well as to the northwestern fau- nal refuge (M. rufoniger, M. inoculatus). The fauna of the northwest, however, is unique and does not correspondent with the North Queensland fauna, with exception of the wi- despread M. macleayı. This ıs evidence of an east to west dispersal of M. flavicornis and of the stocks of the macleayı group, using tropical Northern Territory as bridge.
Tasmania and southwestern Australia, on the other hand, were colonized by species from southeastern Australia or by very closely related offsprings of such species (M. pa- rallelus). The rest of Australia, especially the vast desert countries ofthe central West and the Centre have been colonızed only by the widespread M. macleayı which apparently spread also from the east over whole mainland Australia.
Literature
BAEHR, M. (in press): Revision of the Australian Zuphiinae 2. Colasidia monteithi sp. nov. from North Queensland, first representative of the tribe Leleupidiini in Australia (Insecta, Coleo- ptera, Carabidae). — Mem. Qld. Mus.
BLACKBURN, T. (1892): Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species. XI. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 7: 65-151.
Csıkı, E. (1932): Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 124.
DARLINGTON, P. J. Jr. (1962): The Carabid beetles of New Guinea. Cicindelinae, Carabinae, Har- palinae through Pterostichinae. — Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 126: 321-564.
—— (1968): The Carabid beetles of New Guinea III. Harpalinae continued. Perigonini to Pseudo- morphini. — Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 137: 1— 253.
—— (1970): Insects of Micronesia. Coleoptera: Carabidae including Cicindelinae. — Insects of Mi- cronesıa 15(1): 1-49.
Hau, A. (1967): Carabidae, Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). — Fauna Japonica, 1-338, Tokyo.
HorDHaus, K. (1913): Monographie der paläarktischen Arten der Coleopterengattung Microlestes. — Denkschr. mathem.-naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien 88: 477—540.
Hope, F. W. (1838): The Coleopterists Manual Bd. 2. Predacious land and water beetles, 1-168, London.
JEANNEL, R. (1942): Coleopteres Carabiques II. — Faune de France 40, Paris.
—— (1949): Col&opteres Carabiques de la Region Malgache. III. — Faune de ’Empire Francais 10.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 65
JEDLICKA, A. (1963): Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien. Lebiinae-Odacanthinae-Bra- chininae (Coleoptera-Carabidae). — Ent. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 28: 269-579.
MACLEAY, W. (1871): Note on a collection of insects of Gayndah. — Trans. Ent. Soc. New South DV 1869 1873)579 205.
MATEU, J. (1963): Monographie des Microlestes Schmidt-Göbel d’ Afrique (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiinae). — Ann. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr. Ser. 8, Nr. 121, 1—149.
—— (1960): Consideraciones biogeogräficas y taxonömıcas sobre los generos Mesolestus Schatz- mayr y Mesoletinus nov. — Misc. Zool. 1: 85-97. —— (1974): Comentarios sobre los Microlestes Schmidt-Göbel y generos afınes (Carab. Lebiinae) y descripciön de M. atlanticus n. sp. de Marruecos meridional. — Misc. Zool. 3: 21-36. MOORE, B. P. (1975): A new genus and species of Pterostichini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Cape York Peninsula. — J. Aust. ent. Soc. 14: 425-427.
REICHARDT, H. (1977): A synopsis of the genera of Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). — Quaest. Ent. 13: 346-493.
SCHMIDT-GÖBEL, H. (1846): Faunula Coleopterorum Birmanıae, 1— 94.
SLOANE, T. G. (1899): Studies in Australian entomology IX. New species of Carabidae. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 24: 553 —584.
—— (1910): Studies ın Australian entomology XVI. New species of Carabidae. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 35: 378-406.
—— (1920): The Carabidae of Tasmanıa. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 113-178.
Address of the Author:
Dr. Martin Baehr Zoologische Staatssammlung Münchhausenstr. 21
D-8000 München 60
04 R aran in
2
R
Ss.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 67
The Genus Torodera Weise
(Coleoptera — Chrysomelidae — Alticinae)
By Gerhard Scherer
Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich
Abstract
The oriental species Parathrylea septempunctata (JACOBY) proofed to be a representative of the genus Torodera WEISE, till now only known from Africa. A second species from the Himalaya (Dar- jeeling Distr., Bhutan, Siıkkim) is described as new: 7. sexpunctata. A key and bibliography for the afrıcan and oriental species ıs given.
Introduction
While working with Alticinae from the Himalaya a new species was found, which is without doubt a representative of the genus Torodera, tillnow known only from Af- rıca. A second species described by Jacopy (1892) as Argopistoides septempunctata, which CHen (1934) placed with a question mark in the genus Parathrylea Duvivırr, which has its distribution in Burma: Karen Cheba, Vietnam: Hoa-Binh, S. China: Canton, and N. Sumatra belongs also to this genus. This genus proofs to be one with the known Afro- Asian distribution of its species.
Generic Characters
General shape roundish oval, convex.
Frons broad, two times or more than one diameter of eye; interantennal space broad, triangular, slightly vaulted, at the sides of its hind edge the triangular antennal calli, which are flat.
Pronotum broad, comparatively short, about two times broader than long or so- mewhat more, but not three times as in the description; anterior angles broadly rounded to slightly beveled and thickened; the decided difference to other genera is the callosıty near the side margins, this callosity feigns on its inner margin a depressed line what is ın reality the transition from the callosity to the slightly vaulted pronotum; this “depres-
68 The Genus Torodera Weise
sion” leads from the base about one third from the hind angle to the middle in an oblique manner towards the front angles.
Elytra very convex, confusely punctured; moderate humeral calli, no basal callı; all known species have yellowish colored elytra with black markings or vice versa.
Anterior coxal cavities open. Third tarsal segment heart shaped; first tarsal segment of hind legs somewhat longer than second and third together; claws with a basal tooth; upperside of hind tibiae flattened, its margins with stiff bristles; spur of hind tibıae short and curved.
Genotype: Torodera octomacunlata WEISE
Genus Torodera WEISE
Torodera WEISE, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch. 68 (1): 163 (type: T. octomaculata WEISE). — JACOBY, 1906, Transact. Ent. Soc. London 1906: 26. — SCHERER, 1961, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 12(1): 270.
Argopistoides JACOBY, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 32: 931 (type: A. septempunctata JACOBY). — MAULIK, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Chrys. & Halt., 301.
African Species
Torodera afrıcana Bryant
Torodera africana BRYANT, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11(11): 821 (Uganda: Near Mpumu. — E. Mbale Distr., S. of Mt. Elgon. — Tanganyıka Terr.: Kılosa).
Torodera decorata LABo1ssiERE
Torodera decorata LABOISSIERE, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 34: 317 (Katanga).
Torodera fasciata WEISE
Torodera fasciata WEISE, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch. 68 (1):164 (E. Africa: Umbugwe); WEISE, IN SJÖ- STEDT, 1910, Kilımandjaro-Meru-Exped. 1(7): 218.
Torodera octomaculata WEISE
Torodera octomaculata WEISE, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch. 68(1): 164 (E. Africa: Kwaı). — JACOBY, 1906, Transact. Ent. Soc. London 1906: 25 (Natal: Tsipango. — Malvern). — LABOISSIERE, 1939, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 32 (3—4): 407 (Haut Uele: Moto). — SCHERER, 1962, Parc National de la Garamba, Inst. Parcs Nationaux du Congo, Bruxelles, Fasc. 31(1): 60 (Haut Uele: Garamba Parc); 1963, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 14: 682 (Tanganjıka: Mt. Meru; Arusha; Moshi).
Torodera ornata (Jacogy)
Amphimela ornata JaCOBY, 1895, Transact. Ent. Soc. London 1895: 326 (Mashonaland); 1906, loc. e1t# 25.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 69
Torodera ornata: Csıkı IN HEIKERTINGER & Csıkl (ed. JUNK), 1940, Coleopterorum Catalogus 25 (169): 500. — SCHERER, 1962, Parc National de la Garamba, Inst. Parcs Nationaux du Congo, Bruxelles, 31 (1): 60 (Haut Uele: Parc Nat. Garamba).
Torodera picturata (JacoBy)
Eutornus picturata JACOBY, 1903, Transact. Ent. Soc. London 1903: 6 (Mashonaland). Torodera picturata: SCHERER, 1962, Ann. Mus.R. Afr. Centrale Tervuren IN-8°, Scı. Zool. no. 113: 79 (Kibalı-Ituri).
Oriental Species
Torodera septempunctata (Jacogv) nov. comb.
Argopistoides septempunctata JACOBY, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 32: 932 (Burma: Karen Cheba). — MAULIK, 1926, Fauna India, Chrys. & Halt. 302.
Parathrylea septempunctata: CHEN, 1934, Sinensia 5 (3-4): 338, fig. 67 (Canton; Tonkin: Hoa- Binh). — GREsSsITT & KıMmoOTO, 1963, Pacıif. Ins. Monogr. 1B: 834 (Fukien). — SCHERER, 1969, Pacıt. Ins. Monogr. 22:229.
Torodera sexpunctata nov. spec. Fig. 1 Length: o 4,7 mm; width 3,0 mm.
Head, pronotum, Scutellum, and elytra yellowish brown; close to the base of the elytra two black roundish spots, one somewhat larger at the humeral callı and one close to the scutellum; across the middle three roundish spots, all of the same size; the sıxth spot close to the apex; antennal segments 1—4 yellowish brown, 5—-10black, 11 dark red- dish brown stained with piceous; tarsı, apex of all tibiae and hind femora infuscated.
Head somewhat broader than long; when seen from above head 1,14 mm broad, frons 0,66 mm between the eyes on their inner hind edge; one square diameter of one eye 0,24 mm; head throughout covered with extremely fine scattered punctures; the triangu- lary antennal callı at both sıdes of the hind edge of the triangulary interantennal space, horizontally bounded behind.
Antennae extending only over base of elytra; lengths of antennal segments ın milli- mIe6res305922::0512=20,19 20,14.70,16 :0,180,18 0.18 : 0,18 : 0,16 : 0,24.
Pronotum covered with extremely fine scattered punctures like on head; width of pronotum 1,94 mm, broadest on base; sides slightly rounded and converging somewhat in front; width at frontal setal pore 1,68 mm; length in the middle 0,88 mm.
Elytra finely but stronger punctured than pronotum.
Variation: All sıx paratypes are females and show no variation in colour. There ıs a varlatıon ın length from 4,6—4,66 mm, average 4,48 mm (n = 6), width 3,00-3,30 mm, average 3,18 mm (n = 6).
Localities: Holotype, Sıkkım, Village 9th mile nr. Ranı Pull, 800 m, 24.4.1977 10. „ubnutan, Sammchı, 3550 m, 7. 11.5.197230:0. — Bhutan, Phuntsholing, 2400 m,
70 The Genus Torodera Weise
5.5.1972 10°. - Distriet Darjeeling, Lebong, 1800-1900 m, 8.9, 19 SBureralce W. Wittmer (Holotype and four paratypes in Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, 2 para- types Zoologische Staatssammlung München).
Torodera sexpunctata ıs closely related to T. septempunctata (Jacogy). T. septem- punctata ıs smaller, length 3,4—3,6 mm, description says 4 mm, width 2,4—2,5 mm (sex- punctata: length 4,6—4,7 mm, wıdth 3,0—3,3 mm); pronotum is narrower 1,6-1,7 mm (sexpunctata 1,94—2,14 mm); the inner basal spot on elytra is not so close to scutellum than in sexpunctata; septempunctata has two dark apical spots on elytra; the single apical spot in sexpunctata is closer to the apex; sexpunctata has all tibiae apıcally darkened, sep- tempunctata not so.
% $ E49 y %
Fig. 1: Torodera sexpunctata nov. spec.
Key to the African Torodera Species
1 Elytra yellowish with. black markınes or... 0... 2.2. 000. em
= = Elytrablack withyellowishtotestaceousmarkings ... 2. 2 2.2.2. Sms
2 = Elytra yellow, sutureandthreetransversebandsblack . ... 2... 22.2 nn N ER ornata (JACOBY)and fasciata WEISE
= # "Only-one transwersebandiand spots!® . 2... 0a... ee 3
3 _ Oneachelytron two black spots atthe base, a median transverse band not extending to the
side marsins, two.blackspotsneartheapes nn 2 en afrıcana BRYANT — FAsabove, buronlvoneblack spotneartheapes . 2 2 octomaculata WEISE 4 Elytrablack, epipleurae yellowandsixyellowspots ........ decorata LABOISSIERE
— Elytra black, a round spot near the scutellum, a transverse band near the apex and the laterallmargınstestackous „1.00 2 ee picturata (JACOBY)
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 val
Key to the Oriental Torodera Species
1 _ Eachelytron with seven small black spots: two placed in a transverse line at the base, three
acrossthemiddle,twoobliquelyattheapex .......... septempunctata (JACOBY) 2 nsabove, butonliy:oneblackspotattheapex .....:..... sexpunctata nov. spec. Acknowledgements
I am greatly indebted to Mr. M. Kühbandner for the drawing and Mr. M. Döberl for providing me with material of T. septempunctata from N. Sumatra.
Literature
CHEN, $.H., 1934. Revision of the Haltıcinae (Col. Chrysomelidae) of Yunnan and Tonkin. Sinensia 52225416.
GRESSITT, J. L. and KıMOTO, $., 1963. The Chrysomelidae (Coelopt.) of China and Korea. Part 2. Pa- cific Insects Monograph 1B: 301-1026.
Jacoßy, M., 1892. Viaggio dı Leonardo Fea in Birmania e Region Vicine LI. Description ofthe New Genera and Species of the Phytophagous Coleoptera. Ann. Mus. civ. Genova 32: 917— 941.
MAULIK, $., 1926. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. London, I-XIIl, 1— 442.
SCHERER, G., 1961. Bestimmungsschlüssel der Alticinen-Genera Afrikas (Col. Phytoph.). Ent. Arb. Musskrey: 12(1):251-288.
—— 1969. Die Alticinae des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera-Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph 22: 1—251.
WEISE, J., 1902. Afrikanische Chrysomeliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 68 (1): 119— 174.
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Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 73
Die philippinischen Arten der Gattung Cylindrepomus Blanchard
(Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Dorcaschematini) Von Karl-Ernst Hüdepohl Abstract A key is given for the philippine species of the genus Cylindrepomus BLANCHARD, including the
species published by BREUNING (1947), which are not considered in DILLON & DILLON’S revision (1948). Three new species are described: bayanii sp. n., elisabethae sp. n. and ysmaeli sp. n.
Key to the Cylindrepomus species
Bel: lwivrenumit metallischemClanz u. 0 0 er a ee 2 = Elyicrensohne metallischen Glanz „in sun. nun ae nee E 2 "Elytren.dunkelblau metallisch, mitlänglichen, helleren Flecken ................ 3
— Elytren mit blauem oder rötlichem Metallglanz, mit zwei weißß-grauen Querbinden, eine hinterder MitteundeineanderSpitze........... atropos DILLON & DILLON 1948
3 Jede Elytre apıkal in eine lange, nach außen gebogene Spitze ausgezogen .......... EN een lege a Eee aa mucronatus SCHWARZER 1926
— Elytren apikal schräg abgestutzt, Außenwinkel mit kleinem Zahn .............. a ae er an a ae rufofemoratus BREUNING 1947
Ballen mir)kompalkten Querbinden 23 su. Des. e.uen een 5
— Elytren nur mit Längsbinden, oder mit kleinen Flecken, die keine kompakten Quer- binden bilden, oder fast gänzlich hell (gelb bis ockerfarben) tomentiert ........... 9
5 Elytren weißlich tomentiert mit dunklen Binden: eine mäßig breite, die vom Hinter- rand des Scutellums zum Seitenrand am Ende des Basaldrittels absteigt; eine sehr schmale Längsbinde an der Naht hinter dem Scutellum, die sich dann verbreitert und als mittlere Querbinde leicht zum Seitenrand absteigt; eine breite, präapikale Querbinde, die zu- weilen.nicht ganz dieNahterreicht ...-.......... albosignatus BREUNING 1947
— Elytren schwarz mit hellen Makeln bzw. Binden ... 2... ..... en ane.ona0n. 6 6 Die prä- und die postmediane Querbinde der Elytren durch eine breite, die ganze Länge
der Elytren durchlaufende, teils diskale, teils suturale Längsbinde verbunden (Zeichnun- genlockerselb) ern en ea. astyochns DILLON & DILLON 1948
— Die Querbinden der Elytren nicht durch eine die ganze Länge durchlaufende Längsbinde verbunden (Zeichnungen weiß, weißlich-gelb oder weißlich-grau) ..............- 7%
74
Die philippin. Arten d. Gattung Cylindrepomus
Elytren mit zwei weißlich-gelben Querbinden, die aus je zwei, einander nicht berühren- den, halbmondförmigen, queren Makeln bestehen, die eine am Ende des Basaldrittels, die anderean der Spitze. Ohne weitere Makelne en. cicindeloides SCHWARZER 1926
Elytren mit-Querbinden, Basal- und Apikalmakeln .. .. . 2.2.2.2. Ss
Zeichnungen der Oberseite weißlich-grau; Elytren mit großer, dreieckiger Basalmakel; kurz hinter dem Scutellum beginnender, stark schräg zum Seitenrand absteigender Binde in der Basalhälfte; breiter, zum Seitenrand verschmälerter, postmedianer Querbinde (diese beiden Binden zuweilen auf der Scheibe miteinander verbunden); und großer, das Apikalviertel deckender Apıkalmakel; die Basal- und Apikalmakeln weit weniger dicht tomentierpalsidie Binden me 1 ee peregrinus PASCOE 1858
Zeichnungen der Oberseite weiß; Elytren im basalen Fünftel mit vom Basalrand schräg gegen die Naht gerichteter Basalmakel und dem Seitenrand genähertem, kleinem Längs- fleck; leicht gewellter, an der Naht verbreiterter, prämedianer Querbinde; stark gewellter Querbinde am Beginn des apıkalen Drittels; und gewinkelter Apikalmakel ......... ee nn We ae RN N elisabethae spec. nov.
Elytren und Pronotum größtenteils mit ockergelbem Tomentbedeckt ............
Elytren mit Längsbinden oder mit kleinen Flecken, die keine zusammenhängenden Bin-
den bilden #1... 12. 2 3 u 2 ee ee. ee
3. Antennenglied dreimal so lang wie der Schaft (3); Elytren ganz gelb tomentiert . RE A u A flavicollis BREUNING 1947
3. Antennenglied mehr als viermal so lang wie der Schaft (4); Scheibe der Elytren mit je einem großen, prä- und postmedianen, ockergelben Fleck, die längs der Naht schmal miteinander verbundensind u sr nee bayanii spec. nov.
Elytren mit Längsbinden: einer diskalen, die vor der Mitte und im Apikalviertel unter- brochen ist, und einer lateralen in.der Apikalhälfte „. . . 2.2... 0 re
Elytren mitje6-9 kleinen Fleckent . 2... 22.2.2... u. ee ee
Pronotum mit jeeinem gelblichen Fleck beiderseitsan der Basis”. . . .... 22. ua re a N ER REED. ES Er ORER sexlineatus SCHULTZE 1934
Pronotum mit je einer vollständigen, hellgelben Längsbinde beiderseits der Scheibe ... a N ch a a A bivitticollis BREUNING 1947
Elytren apikal in eine suturale Spitze ausgezogen; auf jeder sechs weiße Makeln, darunter eine postbasale, viereckige, diskale; eine schmale, längliche, prämediane nahe der Naht; eine ebensolche: seitlich daneben; eine dreieckige apikaleı.. 2... 2.2 armer
Elytren apikal abgestutzt, Naht- und Außenwinkel stumpf; mit je neun kleinen, aus weißlichen bis blauen, opalisierenden Schuppen bestehenden Makeln: einer am Seiten- rand unter der Schulterbeule; einer rundlichen am Ende des Basalfünftels; einer seitlich dahinter befindlichen strichförmigen; drei, eine aufgelöste Querbinde bildenden, prä- medianen; zwei ebensolchen postmedianen; einer gewinkeltenapikalen ........... N ee REN a ysmaeli spec. nov.
10
11
12 13
Cylindrepomus peregrinus samarensis Dixon & DirLon 1948 kommt auf vielen phi-
lippinischen Inseln vor: außer auf Samar auch auf Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Luzon.
Diese Form ist eine Variation und keine Subspecies. (Postmediane Querbinde apikal aus- gebuchtet.)
Cylindrepomus bivitticollis Breunıng 1947 ist wahrscheinlich keine gute Art, son- dern eine Variation von sexlineatus SCHULTZE 1934.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 75
Cylindrepomus elisabethae spec. nov. (Abb. 1)
Schwarz, mit scharf abstechenden, weißen, aus Haarschuppen bestehenden Zeich- nungen, Unterseite mit ebensolchen Zeichnungen oder weiß behaart, Basalhälften der
Schenkel braun.
Stirne viel breiter als hoch, mit einer scharfen Furche hinter dem Vorderrand und eı- ner feinen, erhabenen Mittel-Längslinie, chagriniert und fein und weitläufig granuliert; Fühlerhöcker kräftig, glänzender als die Stirn, der Einschnitt zwischen ihnen bildet einen rechten Winkel; die unteren Augenloben deutlich länger als die Wangen, diese und die Schläfen sehr zerstreut granuliert und wie die Stirne unbehaart, Wangen am Vorderrand rotbraun und glänzend; Scheitel mit Mikropunktur, einer feinen, teils leicht erhabenen, teils leicht vertieften Längslinie und zwei, zwischen den Fühlerhöckern breiten und ein- ander berührenden, nach rückwärts schmalen und stark divergierenden weißen Längs- binden, die vorne zwischen den Augen einige schwarze, lange schwarze Haare tragende Punkte aufweisen.
Antennen (?) mehr als doppelt so lang wıe der Körper, Schaft und 2 ganz, 3 fast in voller Länge, 4 zu 2/3, 5 und 6 in der Basalhälfte, jeweils auf der Unterseite weiß behaart; 3 um 2/5 länger als 4, die folgenden zunehmend leicht verkürzt, 11 so lang wie 4.
Pronotum so lang wie breit; Basıs kräftig doppelbuchtig, Basalrand mit der Andeu- tung einer schmalen Basalfurche, Scheibe gewölbt, mit einer kräftigen basalen und einer
seichteren apıkalen Querfurche, chagriniert und sehr feın und sehr zerstreut granuliert;
%
Abb. 1-2: 1: Cylindrepomus elisabethae spec. nov. Holotypus 9.2: C. bayanii, spec. nov., Holo- typus C.
76 Die philippin. Arten d. Gattung Cylindrepomus
mit einer mittleren weifsen Längsbinde, die weder den Vorder- noch den Hinterrand er- reicht, je einem kleinen Fleck beiderseits am Ende des vorderen Drittels und je einer wei- ßen Längsbinde am Unterrand der Seitenteile. Scutellum halbkreisförmig, weiß behaart.
Elytren im 1. Viertel etwas verschmälert, dann parallel, im letzten Viertel gerundet verengt, apikal ausgeschnitten, Außenwinkel mit kleinem Zahn, Nahtwinkel breit ver- rundet; kräftig und dicht, zur Spitze feiner und flacher, aber nicht weitläufiger punktiert, fein schwarz tomentiert und mit folgenden weifsen Zeichnungen: eine breite Längsbinde, die von der Mitte der Basıs einer Flügeldecke, von wo sie einen kleinen Ast in die Schul- tergrube entsendet, bis zum Ende des ersten Fünftels schräg ın Richtung Naht verläuft, ohne diese zu erreichen; eine kurze, schmale Längsbinde ın der rückwärtigen Hälfte des ersten Fünftels am Seitenrand der Scheibe; eine Querbinde vor der Mitte, die weder den Seitenrand noch die Naht erreicht und sich vor dieser etwas nach vorne erweitert; eine weitere, gewellte oder in zwei Flecken aufgelöste ebensolche Querbinde vor dem Apikal- viertel; eine Binde parallel zur Naht und längs des Seitenrandes im Apikalfünftel.
Prosternum fein und schütter, der Fortsatz dichter, weiß behaart, Mesosternum und Fortsatz ebenso, die Episternen des Mesosternums und diejenigen des Metasternums kreideweiß, das Metasternum an den Rändern ebenso, zur Mitte spärlicher weiß behaart. Sternite ziemlich dicht, kurz anliegend weifs behaart, an den Seiten der Hinterränder dichter; 5. Sternit beiderseits mit Längseindrücken, am Spitzenrand tief rund ausge- schnitten und braun beborstet.
Schenkel schlank, mit Mikropunktur, oberseits fein und kurz weiß behaart. Vorder- schienen auf der Ober-, Mittelschienen auf der Innenseite, Hinterschienen apıkal ebenso behaart. Mittel- und Hintertarsen spärlich weiß behaart.
Holotypus 9, Länge 17 mm, Breite 4,2 mm, Philippinen, N. E. Mindanao, Tandag
— Surigao, leg. Lumawig; in der Sammlung des Autors.
Cylindrepomus bayanii spec. nov. (Abb. 2)
Schwarz, Pronotum und Elytren größtenteils ockergelb behaart.
J': Stirne viel breiter als hoch, mit einer scharfen Furche hinter dem konkaven Vor- derrand und einer feinen, erhabenen Mittellinie, chagriniert und mit sehr feiner Mikro- punktur, ziemlich glänzend, fein und weitläufig granuliert, sehr spärlich, kurz, weiß be- haart; Fühlerhöcker kräftig, mit kleinen Spitzen, der Einschnitt zwischen ihnen bildet ei- nen rechten Winkel; Wangen chagriniert, etwas dichter weiß behaart, ihr Vorderrand glatt und glänzend; Schläfen zerstreut granuliert; Scheitel chagriniert, mit feiner Mittel- linie, hinter den oberen Augenloben gerunzelt und einzeln granuliert/punktiert, fein schwarz tomentiert.
Antennen mehr als dreimal so lang wie der Körper, 3 über die Mitte der Elytren hin- ausragend, nicht ganz doppelt so lang wie 4, 5 etwas länger als 4, die weiteren je etwa so lang wie 5, 11 um die Hälfte länger als 10; 3 basal dicht, zur Spitze weitläufiger mit klei- nen, spitzen, nach rückwärts geneigten Höckern besetzt, 4 nur noch mit einzelnen.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 VL.
Pronotum länger als breit (Breite: Länge = 1:1,2), Basıs in der Mitte breit konvex, beiderseits ziemlich tief ausgebuchtet, die Basis sehr schmal gerandet; basal mit einer kräftigen, apikal mit einer seichteren Querfurche, die Seiten dazwischen subparallel; fein und weitläufig granuliert, Scheibe fast vollständig mit kurzem, ockergelbem Haarfılz be- deckt, der nur einen schmalen Streifen am Vorderrand und die Seiten, vorne schmal und hinten breiter, freiläßt; Seitenteile nach unten spärlich mit kurzen, weißen Härchen be- setzt.
Scutellum halbrund, schwarz tomentiert.
Elytren nach hinten etwas verschmälert, apikal ausgeschnitten, die Außenwinkel kurz zugespitzt, die Nahtwinkel breit verrundet; kräftig und ziemlich dicht punktiert, zur Spitze feiner und weitläufiger; fein schwarz tomentiert, die Scheibe mit einer breiten, ockergelben Längsbinde, welche die Umgebung des Scutellums und der Schulterbeule und den schmalen Nahtrand freiläßt, am Außenrand in der Mitte der Vorderhälfte ein wenig, in der Mitte stark, fast bis zur Naht und ın der Hinterhälfte flach eingebuchtet ist.
Unterseite kurz, wenig dicht, weifs behaart, die Behaarung verdichtet auf dem Pro- und dem Mesosternalfortsatz, auf den Meso- und Metepisternen, auf den Außenflächen der Hinterhüften und auf dreieckigen Feldern an den Seiten der Sternite. 5. Sternit schmal, an der Spitze flach ausgeschnitten und hier kurz braun beborstet.
Schenkel auf den Oberseiten sehr spärlich und kurz weiß behaart; Vorderschienen apikal oberseits, Hinterschienen apikal rundum dicht weiß behaart; Vorder- und Mittel- tarsen spärlicher, Hintertarsen dicht weiß behaart.
Holotypus ©, Länge 16,5 mm, Breite 5 mm, Philippinen, Romblon, Espana, Sibu- yan Is., 1984, leg. Lumawig c.; in der Sammlung des Autors.
Cylindrepomus ysmaeli spec. nov. (Abb. 3)
Schwarz, Apikalhälften der Schenkel rotbraun; Oberseite mit zahlreichen, kleinen, weißen bis weißlich-blauen, aus opalisierenden Haarschuppen bestehenden Flecken; Unterseite fein weiß behaart bzw. dicht weiß beschuppt. Spitzen der Schienen und Tar- sen in mehr oder weniger großem Umfang weiß behaart.
C': Stirne um die Hälfte breiter als hoch, mit einer scharfen Furche hinter dem in der Mitte gewinkelten Vorderrand, glänzend, fein und weitläufig granuliert, mit weißlich- blauen Haarschuppen zerstreut, an den Rändern dichter besetzt, mit einer sehr fein erha- benen Mittellängslinie, die durch den rechtwinklig vertieften Einschnitt zwischen den Fühlerhöckern hindurch und auf dem Scheitel bis zum Hinterrand des Kopfes verläuft; Fühlerhöcker kräftig, mit sehr kleinen Spitzen; untere Augenloben leicht quer, kaum länger als die Wangen, diese dicht mit weißlich-blauen Schuppen besetzt, ebenso der Raum zwischen den kleinen oberen Augenloben und den Fühlereinlenkungen sowie zwischen den Fühlerhöckern; Scheitel beiderseits mit je einem dreieckigen Fleck aus weißlich-blauen Haarschuppen.
78 Die philippin. Arten d. Gattung Cylindrepomus
Abb. 3: Cylindrepomus ysmaeli spec. nov., Holotypus C'.
Antennen reichlich dreimal so lang wie der Körper; Schaft relativ schlank, 21/amal so lang wie breit, grob und gedrängt gekörnt, 3 die Mitte der Elytren überragend, nicht ganz doppelt so lang wie 4; 4 — 10 gleich lang, 11 um die Hälfte länger; 3 basal fein und dicht, zur Spitze weitläufig gekörnt, 4 — 10 an der Innenseite äußerst fein und zerstreut.
Pronotum länger als breit (Länge : Breite = 1,2:1); Basis ın der Mitte gerade, beider- seits kräftig ausgebuchtet, Seiten vor der Basis kräftig, vor der Spitze schwach eingezo- gen, vor der Basıs und vor der Spitze mit je einer ziemlich breiten Querfurche, Scheibe konvex, feın und dicht quer gerieft und fein und sehr weitläufig granuliert. Zeichnung: eine weder den Vorder- noch den Hinterrand erreichende, schmale Längsbinde und je ein kleiner, runder Fleck beiderseits am Ende des vorderen Drittels sowie je eine kom- pakte, weiße Längsbinde auf den Seitenteilen.
Scutellum halbrund, dicht weiß beschuppt.
Elytren ın der Mitte etwas verengt, apikal gerundet und an der Spitze kurz abge- stutzt, die Winkel abgerundet; Kräftig und ziemlich dicht punktiert, die Punkte im Api- kaldrittel mehr und mehr verflacht, mit dichter Mikropunktur und feinem, schwarzem Toment, mit je acht kleinen Flecken gezeichnet wie auf der Abbildung zu sehen, außer- dem mit je einem runden Fleck am Seitenrand unter der Schulter; die Zeichnungen im Basalteil mehr weißlich, zur Spitze intensiver bläulich.
Prosternum sehr fein quer gerieft, sehr fein und sehr zerstreut granuliert, fein weiß behaart, die Behaarung auf dem Prosternalfortsatz verdichtet; Mesosternum fein weiß
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 79
behaart, die Episternen sehr dicht mit opalisierenden, weißen Schuppen bedeckt, die Epi- meren weißlich behaart. Metasternum ın der Mitte feın weiß behaart, an den Seiten wie die Metepisternen dicht weiß beschuppt. Sternite ziemlich dicht, weiß, anliegend be- haart, 5. doppelt so lang wie das 4., an der Spitze abgerundet.
Schenkel und Schienen mit dichter Mikropunktur, Schenkel sehr fein und zerstreut granuliert; Vorderschienen an den Spitzen außen dicht weiß behaart, Mittelschienen nach dem Einschnitt sehr spärlich, Hinterschienen im letzten Viertel dicht weiß behaart; an den Vordertarsen die beiden ersten, an den Mitteltarsen die drei ersten Glieder dünn, weiß behaart, die Hintertarsen gänzlich dicht, weiß behaart.
Holotypus C’, Länge 16 mm, Breite 3,8 mm, Luzon, Mountain Province, VII-1986, leg. Lumawig c.; in der Sammlung des Autors.
Literatur
BREUNING, S. v., 1940, Etudes sur les Lamiaires, Neuvieme Tribu: Dorcaschematini Thoms. Novi- tates Entomologicae, 3° suppl.: 527-586.
—— 1947, Nouvelles Formes de Longicornes du Musee de Stockholm. Arkıv för Zoologi, 39 A, 6: DI DTa
—— 1974, Neue Lamiinae aus den Beständen des Staatlichen Museums für Tierkunde Dresden. Rei- chenbachıa 15, 5: 38-39.
DirLon, L. S. & DiLLon E. S., 1948, Tribe Dorcaschematini. Trans. Americ. ent. Soc. 73.
PASCOE, F. P., 1858, On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. Part III. Trans. Ent. Soc. London (2) 4: 236— 266.
SCHULTZE, W., 1934, Thirteenth Contribution to the Coleoptera fauna of the Philippines. Philipp. J. Sci. Manila 53: 311-337, 2 pls..
SCHWARZER, B., 1926, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Cerambyciden II-III. Senckenbergiana 8: 279-291, T.5.
Anschrift des Verfassers:
Dr. K.-E. Hüdepohl
Rabhof Breitenloh
D-8211 Breitbrunn a. Chiemsee
-.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 81
New neotropical species of the genus Holotrochus and the new
genus Mimotrochus
(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
By Ulrich Irmler
Abstract
The neotropical Holotrochus material of the Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada and of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Mass., U.S.A. was studied. 22 new neotropical species ofthe genus Holotrochus and one new genus Mimotrochus with two new species could be found. Ad- ditionally remarks to some species could be given.
Introduction
From Dr. Campbell, Biosystematics Research Institute (BRI), Ottawa, Canada and Dr. Newton, Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Cambridge, Mass. U.S.A. I got their collections of neotropical Holotrochus species for determination. In these collec- tions I found 22 new species of the genus Holotrochus and one new genus Mimotrochus with two new species. Ithank Dr. Campbell and Dr. Newton for their kindness to place their collections to my disposal. The high number of new species makes it reasonable to accomplish the already existing table of neotropical Holotrochus species (IRMLER 1981).
Key to neotropical Holotrochus and Mimotrochus species
1. Pronotum strongly emarginate before base, small species of about 3 mm length, hairy
with very short elytraand very smalleyes (notmorethan 20 omatides) ............
ER ER ER ne a a EN Mimotrochus n. gen. 2 - Sides of pronotum parallel or slightly emarginate and than longer species of 4-5 mm
length, eyesnormal, if small eyes then body hairless and pronotum not emarginate ..... a ee ee ne ee Holotrochus Er. 1840 3
PEN Vomauides nn ee en, M.pecki n.sp. or anidese N ee eu ee ee M. columbinus n.sp. BER verasshort nolongersthanipronotum . au 2... zu. Seh an Bau ei 4
Eu voslonger than pronotum. . u..2. u. Ana u ale ee, Are ae
82
Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Eyes very small, in dorsal aspect covered by a supra ocular carına; abdomen without hairs Eyes larger, distinctly visible ın dorsal aspect; head and pronotum polished and very finely-punctate; abdomen haıiry. . 2.............2 2.2 2m. en Antennae long, 3rd segmentlong, twiceaslongasthe2nd .... H. columbiensis n. sp.
Antennae short, 3rd segment short, scarcely longerthan the 2nd. . . pe
Elytra aslong asııhe pronotum (Mexico) 2... en H. centralensis n. sp.
Flytra slightly shorter. than the pronotum (Brasil). 2. „2. 22.
Abdomen polished and punctate; eyes very small, with about 1Oomatidia .......... I u Eee A ee H. neotropicus Irmler 1981 Abdomen dull and nearly impunctate; eyes larger with about 50 0matidia .......... RR 1 Br Re io. c H. sigridae Irmler 1981
Larger species about 5.0-8.0 mm; anterior edge of pronotum margined; body totally hairless or the abdomen with single haırs laterally; one species ıs only 4.8 mm but has two distinet depressions onthelaststerniteinmale . !.....ie. 0.2. 2 ne
Smaller species (smaller than 5.0 mm) or the anterior edge of pronotum not margined or the abdomen totally hairy or the last sternite of male without distinct depression ........
Abdomen totally haırless and finely punctate . . „2 222 2.2220 2 Abdomen.laterally distinetly punetateandhaıry .. 22... u ee
Pronotum with ground sculpture, dull or slightly shining butneverpolished ........
Pronotum polished, without a trace of ground sceulpture”. ..... „en
Ground sculpture of pronotum feeble, transverse or longitudinally reticulate, slightly shinings 1.0. eaze a ee H. durus Sharp 1876
Pronotum with distinet.netlike ground seulpture, dull . %. .. .. Sees
Smaller species of 6.0. mm length .. =... 2 an ana. 2.2 2
longer species of 7.0.t0 3,0.mm length... ..... 00 le
Microsculpture of pronotum fine, slightly shining, depression of 6th visible sternite of
maleswith. X shapedistructure Sonne H. campbelli n. sp. Microsculpture of pronotum distinct, dull, depression of 6th visible sternite of male rounded:..r.: ei er ee H. convexus n.sp. Rronotum widesctbehndmeden an ee H. lundgreni n. name
a RE syn. H.opacus Irmler 1981
Parameres of aedeagus shorter than middle lobe, the 6th visible tergite of male deeply emarginate ke nr Bar ee H. emarginatus n.sp.
Parameres of aedeagus longer than middle lobe, 6th visible tergite not deeply emarginate ee A N 1 N H. ohansi Wendeler 1955
Pronotum with very fine and sparse punctation, widestbehindmiddle ............ ER ED SEE A ee Me er H. psendodurus Irmler 1981
Pronotum with dense and coarse punctation, widest beforemiddle . 7. nani Irmler 1981
Pronotum with very obsolete microgranulate groundsculpture .............2...
Pronotum without groundsculpture, but distinet micropunctation . .... 2.22.2200.
Hleadiwithmetliikemieroseulpeuresp ne H. susannae n.sp.
15
2
22.
SR
92
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987
83
Head withoutmicrosculpture, shining ............. H. strigipennis Bernh. 1921
@lypeus with coriaceouspunctation .....r 2.2.00. H. franckei (Wendeler 1955)
@h,peus shining or with transversemierosculpture » .. .2..uncuen.on nennen
Small species of 4.8 mm length, 6th visible sternite of male with two depressions .. ..... N Le an. ee H. mexıcanus n.sp.
behiyasıplesterniteofmalewithadepression .. ..\.ncruerconeneercnemen cn
5Sthrand.oth visible sternite of male with depressions .. .... v2... une
Larger 6.0 mm, apical part of aedeagus broad and distinctly longer than parameres .... ee en ee Be a a H.rufopyguns Sharp 1882
Smaller, 5.5 mm, clypeus with transverse microsculpture, dull, apıcal part of aedeagus
SO N a nee H. plaumanni n.sp. Apicalpartofaedeaguscurvedandroundedatthetop .. H.glabriventris Bernh. 1921 Apical partofaedeagusreflexedandwithanacutetip ........ H. mariannae n.sp.
Body totally covered with hairs; labrum short and transverse .... 2... 2.222220.
Only the abdomen covered with hairs or body totally hairless; labrum longer, transverse Orga BR Ne es nee aa ee aan ee ne
Surface of head and pronotum with netlike ground sculpture, slightly shining ........ en ec Bas ra are a H. subtilis Sharp 1876
Surface of head and pronotum with a scalelike ground sculpture, dull; larger 3.0-3.7 mm
Red or rufotestaceous; elytra wider than long; middle segments of antennae transverse,
SVAllEL SIE > Hmmm A ea H. pubescens Sharp 1876 Black or piceous; elytra longer than wide; middle segments of antennae quadrate; larger BSD I ee H. amazonicus Irmler 1981
Lateral margin of pronotum shortly elevated before front angles; anterior edge of Prenetunmnotmargmedn. m mu ae ee ae ua.
Lateral margin of pronotum reach the front angles; anterior edge of pronotum margined OTENOLSTNARSIN ECG. DR ee ee Clypeus deflected from forehead, thus head appears truncated between antennae ..... ee ee u NE es ar H. picescens Sharp 1882 Clypeus continous to forehead, therefore head prolonged between antennae ........ ee ech lre 0 20. 2 Begeager Net H. obstrusus n.sp. Lateral margin of pronotum elevated before front angles, continuing to the front edge, kongangiesilhereiorenotmarsmede Sam a ee Lateral margin of pronotum parallel to side, ending at front angles or continuing to the Be a ee a Lateral margin of pronotum elevated at middle, continuing obliquely to front margın .. Ne ra en H.lineatus Irmler 1981 Lateral margin of pronotum elevated shortly before the frontangles ............. EN re A ons H.lineatocollis n. sp. Only abdomen distinctly hairy, with ground sculpture, dull ...... 22... 2.2.220..
Body totally hairless or if abdomen carriessomehairs itisshining ......... 2.2.2...
Pronotum transverse, '/; wider than long; abdomen totally covered with longhairs ....
20
21
22 23
25
27
26
28
29,
30
31
32 46
33
84
Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Pronotum more or less quadrate; abdomen with hairless midline ...............
Eyes distinctly projecting, smaller species of3.6mm length ....... H.leticiae n. sp.
Eyes not.projecting, longer species of atleast 4.0. mm length . .... . 2. see
Pronotum at basal angles with distinct depressions, margined at both sides; sides of pronotum rounded or reflexed beforebase . ... ........ un.
Pronotum at basal angles with flat depressions, margined only atouterside .........
Pronotum distinctly punctate, sides emarginate before base; 4th segment of antennae
Hongenthan wade . 0.0 Set nr a H. syntheticus Sharp 1876
Pronotum very obsoletely punctate, sıdes rounded; 4th segment of antennae quadrate .. a de ne ce Are N H.laticollis Bernh. 1908
Smaller, 4.0 mm; sides of pronotum more or less parallel but slightly emarginate at middlen.e ae ne ee H. poundi Blackwelder 1943
Antennae short and stout, 4th segmenttransverse ..... H. blackwelderi Irmler 1981
Antennae more slender, 4th segment more or less quadrate.. . „22.2 So
Smaller, 3.5 mm, pronotum with punctures of differenesize =. 2... au
Lärger, 4.0-3:5 mM... ne ee a largerspecies ob 5.9 mmlensth Mm ne H. simplex Sharp 1882
Smaller species of 4. 1-4.6 mm length, which can only be differentiated by the structure of the-aedeagus "nn a en Se Middle lobe of aedeagus more or less straight, parameresbroad ... A.latinotus n.sp.
Middle lobe of.aedeagus abruptly elevated in thelastupperthird ... 0. .2 2002
Upperthird ofthe.middle lobeofaedeagusrounded ........ 22.022 meer Upperthird of theaedeagusstraisht 2... u 2.0 2
Hind angles of pronotum with distinet depressions ......... H. convertus n.sp. Hind angles of pronotum without depressions ............. H. montepins n. sp. Parameres slender, middle lobe ofaedeagusslenderaswell ...... H.nationes n. sp.
Parameres and middle lobe of aedeagus stout .. ........ 2...
Endophalluswithasmallbroadspiral Ze om ze H. glabrinotus n. sp.
Endophallus with a small spiral basally and spines or a further narrow spiralapıcally ...
Endophalluswathtwospmesapiealy a ea an H.newtonin.sp. Endophallus with a broad spiral basally and anarrow spiralapically ............. Be DE MA Ne 1 es. PER le N RN H. vianai Bernh. 1939 Base of pronotum margined; elytra coriaceous, very feebly punctate; pronotum coarsly Pünctater. rg ee H. marginatus Sharp 1882
Basaledgeof pronstumnot marsined 0 we Er .
Pronotum with distinet or obsolete ground seulpture ..... u... 2
Pronotum without a trace of ground seulpture, polished” . . 2. a.
Larger species, 6.0 mm; head, pronotum and elytra with distinct netlike ground sculpture;.dulli® 0. Sen 2. ee Be H. volvulus Er. 1840
33 36
38
39
45
47.
48 34
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987
85
61.
62.
Smaller species, 3.5-4.5 mm, head and pronotum with obsolete ground sculpture; elytra corlaceous, slightly shining; 3rd segment of antennae only slightly longerthan2nd .... Clypeus with transverse reticulate ground sculpture, vertexpolished .............
er Pens duls yıcı netlike ground seulpture 2. 2. 2. 0 nn ea
Eyes smaller with about 50 omatidia;4.0mm .......... H. smithi Cameron 1913
Bes larser withrabout.100 omaatıdia Sn. u wen an een:
Smaller, 3.5 mm; process of prosternum with an abruptly elevated process between coxae 2 RN EEE H. milleri Irmler 1981
|Leraes, Ah oMesn SR OR Re Er RER EEE
Prosternum with abruptly elevated process betweencoxae ........ H.geraldi n.sp.
Prosternum with continous process betweencoxae ......... H. cylindrus Er. 1840
Larger; 4.5 mm, pronotum densely punctate, ground sculpturelessdense .......... 2 a EEE ee H. centralis Sharp 1882 Smaller, 4.0 mm, pronotum feebly punctate and with dense ground sculpture ....... ee De N H. similis Irmler 1981 Larger, 4.0-4.5 mm; punctures on pronotum and abdomen distinctly finer than on elytra ee a A ER H. politus Sharp 1882 Smaller, 2.8-3.2 mm; elytra coriaceous or punctures of same size as on pronotum and BOOTE NE ee Da ne 3rd segment of antennae longer than 4th and as long or longerthan2nd ........... Srdseomentolrantennaeaslons as 2ndandAth D.... ea. dns aanen: Small species of 2.5 mm length, abdomen with netlike microsculpture, only slightly Shımine last tereite withtruncatedapex » 22.22. .ce sc. nee: H. hyleae n. sp. Larger species of 2.8-3.2 mm, last tergite biforked, at least slightly emarginate ...... a ee H. schubarti Irmler 1981 Clypeus with transverse netlike ground sculpture; 3rd segment of antennae as long as DNS OT ee nee Fheele era H.trinitatis (Blackwelder 1943) Head polished, without ground sculpture, 3rd segment of antennae distinctly longer than PIE RE ale an Ne se ae an ee et Sides ofpronotum distinctly emarginate beforebase ............ H. peckin.sp.
Sides 01, pronofum rounded’or straicht ln. 2.0. 0 ee.
Elycra wath@distincrand coriaceous punctauon . nr... onen rerenanacen
Elytra feebly and not coriaceously punctate or with coriaceous ground sculpture and Püneationwveryiieebly.andnearlyinvisible ... es oo oa une en an Sue rn
Elytra feebly punctate and without a coriaceous ground sculpture ........ 2.2.2...
Elytra very feebly punctate and withacoriaceousground sculpture .............. ee N en H. acromyrmicıs Bernh. 1920
Pronotum widest before middle, narrowed straighttobase ....... 2... 22.22.00.
Pronorumwidestatmiddle - 2ar 222.2... en. H. inpai Irmler 1981
Hind angles ofpronotum with flatdepressions ......... H. pumilins Irmler 1981
Blindianglessor'peonotumswirhout depressions! - „. au. rau nu zen au
55
97 56
58
32 61
60
62
86 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
63. Endophallus with a long straight basal part, only thelast Y;withaspiral ........... N ee A ee re RR Se ME H. ingae Irmler 1981
= = Endophallus withonebroad spiral 4 0 0. Were H.cerrin.sp.
Descriptions of new species and remarks
1. Durus-Group, with species (durus, opacus, ohausi, psendodurus, nani, convexus, campbelli, emarginatus) which resemble each other in large size (6-8 mm), dark color, pronotum margined at anterior edge, and body haırless.
Holotrochus convexus n. sp. (Plate 1, Fig. 1)
Description: Length 6.0 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, twice as long as the 2nd, the follo- wing segments strongly transverse, head black, the clypeus reddish, emarginate in the middle, labrum yellow, dull, with netlike microsculpture, eyes as long as the temples. Pronotum 0.9 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, black, apically and posteriorly reddish, with net- like microsculpture, dull laterally and apically margined, apically only slightly margined in the middle, widest at the anterior angles, straightly narrowed to the base, without punctures, epipleura polished, without microsculpture. Elytra 1.2 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, dull, with netlike microsculpture, with very sparse punctation, reddish on the disc, epipleura polished, without microsculpture, metasternum as well polished. Ab- domen black, with distal part of tergites reddish, dull, with netlike microsculpture. Legs yellow. Male with two circular depressions on the 5th and 6th visible sternites, aedeagus (plate ln tioste,.
Within the Durus-Group this species is related to 7. ohausiand H. campbelliby the microsculpture of the pronotum. FH. convexus can be differentiated from H. ohausı by its shorter length, but definitely only by the study of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: El Yunque Sta. Luquillo Forest P. R. 6-9 VII 1969, leg. H. & A. Howden.
The holotype is deposited in the Biosystematics Research Institute (B.R.].), Ot- tawa, Canada.
Holotrochus campbelli n. sp. (Dlaterlbaknie 2)
Description: Length 6.0 mm. Head 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, twice as long as the 2nd, 4th and 6th segments quadrate, the following segments transverse; head black, slightly shining, with very feeble microsculpture, very finely and sparsely punctate, clypeus dull, with distinct ground sculpture of transverse meshes, eyes as long as the temples. Pronotum 1.0 mm
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 87
Plate 1: Fig. 1 Holotrochus convexus, fig. 2 H. campbellı, fıg. 3 H. susannae, fig. 4 H. plaumannı, fig. 5 H. mexicanus, a) front body, b) antennae, c) aedeagus, d) last visible tergites of males (scale of a— 1 mm, scale of b, c, and d — 0.1 mm).
88 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
long, 1.2 mm wide, black, slightly reddish at the base, slightly shining, with netlike mi- crosculpture, widest in the apıcal third, slightly narrowed to the apex and more strongly narrowed to the base, very feebly and sparsely punctate, epipleura polished, without mi- crosculpture. Elytra 1.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, black, shining, laterally to the suture with distinct and slightly coriaceous punctation, laterally finely and sparsely punctate, epipleura polished, metasternum black, polished, impunctate. Abdomen black, slightly shining, with netlike microsculpture, tergites at the base densely and distinctly, at the apex very finely and sparsely punctate, 5th visible tergite apıcally reddish. Legs brown. Male with a circular depression on the 5th visible sternite and a very specific structure (Plate 1, Fig. 2d) on the 6th visible sternite, aedeagus (plate 1, fig. 2c).
Within the Durus-Group this species is similar to A. ohausi and H. convexus by the microsculpture of the pronotum, which is however finer than on the related species. H. campbelli ıs therefore slıghtly shining, whereas H. ohausi and H. convexus are dull.
Holotype: male: Colombia, Magdalena 3000’, Campana 24 km S$. St. Marta V-14- 1973, leg. Campbell & Howden.
The type ıs deposited in B.R.1.
Holotrochus emarginatus n. sp. (Plate 2uEıe.1)
Description: Length 8.0 mm. Head 0.7 mm long, 1.15 mm wide; antennae black, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical slighly longer than the 2nd, 4th and 5th seg- ment quadrate, 6th to 10th segments wider than long: labrum red, head black, dull, with netlike groundsculpture, punctation very fine and sparse,clypeus anteriorly emarginate; eyes as long as the temples, these with transverse netlike groundsculpture. Pronotum: 1.4 mm long, 1.7 mm wide; black, dull, with netlike microsculpture, punctation very fine and sparse, widest at the anterior edge, continously narrowed to the base, atthe hind ang- les a flat depression, anterior edge margined, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.75 mm long, 1.9 mm wide; black, dull, punctation very fine and sparse, microsculpture coriaceous, epipleura with netlike microsculpture, 5th visible tergite distally reddish, 6th visible ter- gite fork-shaped, deeply emarginate, distinctly punctate, without hairs. Legs reddish brown. Male with a flat egg shaped depression on the 5th visible sternite and a still flater depression on the 4th visible sternite.
This species is similar to 7. ohansi due to the dull surface and the form of the prono- tum, but distinctly distinguished by the aedeagus and the structure of the last abdominal segments. Male aedeagus plate 2, fig. Ic.
Holotype: 1@:R.P. Panama Pr, Cerro Campana, Feb, Mar: 1975 lese Ela... rence (ex rotting log).
Paratype: 10°: Cerro Campana 3 200’, Feb. 976, leg A. Newton (under bark). The types are deposited in theM.C.Z.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 89
2. Rufopygus-Group (rufopygns, strigipennis, glabriventris, susannae, plaumannı, mexicanus, mariannae, franckei) which ıs similar to the Durus-Group in size (4.8—6.5 mm) and dark color, but differs by the laterally hairy abdomen.
Holotrochus susannae n. sp. (Blaterl, Bus, 3)
Description: Length 5.0 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conıcal, twice as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th segments quadrate, the following segments transverse, head black, slightly shining, with netlike microsculpture, feeble and sparse punctation, eyes as long as the temples, these with distinct netlike microsculpture. Pronotum 0.9 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, black, the base reddish, punctation as feeble and sparse as on the head, slightly shining, microsculp- ture very feeble and with circular meshes, widest at the apical third, narrowed slightly to the base and more rounded to the anterior edge, laterally margined, apıcally only with a fine margin, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.0 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, black, laterally to the suture and apıcally reddish, punctures fine and sparse, microsculpture distinctly netlike, therefore more dull than the head and the pronotum, epipleura polished, metasternum with netlike microsculpture. Abdomen black, tergites distally reddish, with netlike mı- crosculpture, slightly shining, laterally with sparse, yellow hairs, the 6th visible tergite also dorsally hairy. Legs reddish yellow. Male on the 6th visible sternite with a short pro- cess and an indistinct depression, aedeagus (plate 1, fig. 3c).
By the obsolete microgranulate ground sculpture of the pronotum sımilar to A. stri- gipennis Bernh. 1921. From this species and the remaining species of the Rufopygus- Group A. susannae can be differentiated by the netlike microsculpture of the head.
Holotype: male: Colombia, Mayda 3000’, Campana 25 km $. St. Marta IV-29- 1973, leg. Howden & Campbell.
Paratype: female: Colombia, Mayda 3000’, Campana 25 km $. St. Marta, IV-29- 1973, leg. Howden & Campbell.
Both types are deposited ın the B.R. 1.
Holotrochus plaumanni n. sp. (Plate 1, Fig. 4)
Description: Length 5.5 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, antennae reddish yellow, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th segments quadrate, the following segments transverse; head black, shining, the cly- peus dull by the dense transverse undulate ground sculpture, finely and sparsely punc- tate, eyes as long as the temples, these with longitudinal reticulate microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.95 mm long, 1.15 mm wide, black, shining, reddish at the base, finely and more or less densely punctate, a smooth midline in the posterior half of the pronotum without punctures, very sparsely with feeble micropunctures, obsolete depression in the
90 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
6f dorsal lateral
|
Plate 2: Fig. 1 Holotrochus emarginatus, fig. 2 H. mariannae, fıg. 3 H. convertus, fıg. 4 A. new- tonı, fig. 5 H. obstrusus, fıg. 6 H. lineatocollis, fıg. 7 H. politus, fıg. 8 H. marginatus, a) front body, b) antennae, c) aedeagus, d) last abdominal sternite, e) th visible abdominal tergite, f) lateral or dor- sal view of pronotum, g) spermatheca (scale of a — 1 mm, scale of bto g 0.1 mm).
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 Sl
hind angles, laterally and apıcally margined, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.05 mm long, 1.15 mm wide, black, laterally to suture and apiıcally reddish, punctures more or less fine and dense, partly coriaceous and therefore less shining than the pronotum, epipleura po- lished, metasternum with netlike microsculpture. Abdomen black, the 5th visible tergite reddish at the apex, with netlike ground sculpture, slightly shining, laterally with fine yellow hairs. Male with 6th visible sternite with an obsolete depression, aedeagus (plate 1, fig. 4c).
This species can be differentiated from the further species of the Rufopygus-Group by the microsculpture of the clypeus. A definite determination, however, is only possible by the study of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Brazil, 300-500 m Nova Teutonia, 27 11’ S, 52 23’ W, VI 1972, leg. Plaumann.
Paratypes: 14 males, 12 females: Brazil 300-500 m, Nova Teutonia 27 11’ S, 52,23’ W, VI 1972 leg. Plaumann.
1 female: Brazil, Rio Azul 25 42° S, 50 46° W, X 1959, 1000 m, leg. F. Plaumann. The types are deposited ın the B.R. 1.
Holotrochus mexicanus n. sp. (Blate (Eis, 5)
Description: Length 4.8 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; antennae brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 1'/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th seg- ments quadrate, the following segments transverse; head black, shining, feebly and spar- sely punctate, the clypeus with very fine transverse undulate ground sculpture, but shi- ning, eyes as long as the temples, these with longitudinal microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, shining, with fine and sparse punctation, between the punctures with very fine micropunctures, laterally and apıcally margined, widest in the apical third, narrowed to both the apex and the base, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.0 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, black, laterally to the suture and apıcally reddish, punctation fine and sparse, wıth very fine micropunctures, therefore less shining than the pronotum, epi- pleura polished, metasternum impunctate, polished. Abdomen black, the 5th tergite dor- sally reddish, with netlike microsculpture, therefore dull, laterally with fine yellow haırs. Legs reddish. Male: 6th visible sternite with a process and a distinct oval depression and a second transverse depression at the base, aedeagus (plate 1, fig 5c).
Within the Rufopygus-Group A. mexicanus ıs similar to H. glabriventris also ın the structure of the aedeagus, in particular the short parameres. FH. mexicanus, however, ıs much shorter and the structure of the 6th visible sternite is different from A. glabrivent- r1S.
Holotype: male: Mexico, Montepio nr. Catemaco V. C. VI-19-1969, leg. Bright & Campbell.
92 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Paratypes: 1 male and 3 females: Mexico, Montepio nr. Catemaco, V.C. VI-19- 1969, leg. Bright & Campbell.
1 female: Mexico, Finca, San Carlos, M. pıo, Matias Romero Oax., III-28-1968, leg. P. Reyes, M. Cabrerea.
The types are deposited in the B.R.1.
Further specimen have been found intheM. C. Z. from Mexico: Oaxaca, Valle Na- tionale Aug. and Veracruz (Catamacas) Jul.
Holotrochus mariannae n. sp. (Plate 2,Rıe. 2)
Description: Length 6.0 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; antennae dark brown, 2nd segment oval, 3rd.conical, slightly longer than the 2nd, 4th to 5th segments quadrate, 6th to 10th segments wider than long; head black, polished, with fine and sparse punctation; eyes as long as the temples, these with transverse netlike microsculp- ture. Pronotum 0.9 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; black, base indifferently reddish, polished, punctation sparse and fine, wıth two types of punctures, the normal punctures and bet- ween these with very fine micropunctures, widest in the middle, slightly narrowed ante- rıorly and continously narrowed posteriorly, anterior edge margined except a space in the middle, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.25 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; black, slightly shı- ning, very fine and sparse punctures with coriaceous microsculpture, epipleura polished. Abdomen black, dull, with netlike microsculpture, the posterior edge of tergites indi- stinctly reddish, laterally with fine yellow hairs. Legs red. Male with a flat egg-shaped de- pression on the 6th visible sternite and a globular depression on the 5th visible sternite; aedeagus.as’on plate 2, tig. 2e.
This species is very similar to /I. rufopygus Sharp and glabriventris Bernh. and hardly to distinguish from them, but the structure of the aedeagus is obviously different from both species.
Holotype: 10°: Panama: Chiriqui, El Mirador, 6000’, Finca Collins, nr. Boquete V125. 1976, A. Newton and E. Vollrath collectors (under bark, rotting logs).
The holotype ıs deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (SAH)
3. Simplex-Group (simplex, blackwelderi, hanagarthi, vianai, glabrinotus, latino- tus, nationes, montepins, newtoni, convertus) of sıze 3.0—-5.5 mm, all with pronotum margined at anterior edge, haıry abdomen with hairless midline.
Plate 3: Fig. 1 Holotrochus glabrinotus, fig. 2 H. latinotus, fig. 3 H. nationes, fig. 4 H. montepins, fig. 5 A. leticiae, fig. 6 H. cerrı, fig. 7 H. columbiensis, fig. 8 H. brasiliensis, fig. 9 H. centralensıs, a) front body, b) antennae, c) aedeagus (scale of a— 1 mm, scale of band c 0.1 mm).
33
Ent.-Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987
94 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Holotrochus glabrinotus n. sp. (Plate 3, Fig. 1)
Description: Length 4.1 mm. Head 0.45 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, antennae ferrugi- neous, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment 1'/ times as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th seg- ments quadrate, the following segments transverse, head black, shining, sparsely and fı- nely punctate, clypeus with very fine transverse undulate microsculpture, but shining, eyes as long as the temples, with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, reddish at base and at apex, shining, punctation fine and sparse, bet- ween this a very fine microsculpture, laterally and apıcally margined, widest in the apical third, narrowed straightly to the posterior edge, the apıcal angles swellingly pronounced by the course of the lateral margin, epipleura polished. Elytra 0.8 mm long, 1.05 mm wide, red, with an indistinct shaddow on the disc, finely and sparsely punctate, finely co- riaceous, therefore less shining than the pronotum, epipleura red, polished, metasternum black, with netlike microsculpture, dull. Abdomen brown, 4th to 6th visible tergites red- dish, anterior 4 visible tergites with netlike microsculpture, the 5th and 6th visible tergites with round meshed microsculpture, dull, laterally wıth very sparse yellow hairs. Legs yellow. Male: aedeagus plate 3, fig. Ic.
H. glabrinotus ıs very similar to H. vıanai according to colour and structure of the antennae and only to be differentiate by the structure of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Ven: Aragua, Tiara, 50 km '$S. W. Caracas, 2225 1179 Alee: Peck, 1500 m.
Paratypes: 6 males and 10 females: Ven. Aragua, Tiara, 50 km S. W. Caracas, 29 225 11.1971,leg Deck, 1,500.m.
1 male and 3 females: Brit. Hond. Caves Branch, 29 VII-15 VIII 1972, leg. $. & Beck.
The types are deposited in the B.R.1.
Holotrochus latinotus n. sp. (Plate 3, Fig. 2)
Description: Length: 4.6 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; antennae reddish, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th seg- ment quadrate, the following transverse; head black, shining with fine and sparse nearly invisible punctation, clypeus with fine transverse undulate ground sculpture, only dull at the extreme apex, eyes as long as the temples, these with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.75 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, black, shining, base reddish, very finely and sparsely, nearly invisiblely punctate; laterally and apically margined, anterior angles broadly rounded, widest in the apical third, hardly narrowed to the base; epipleura polis- hed. Elytra 0.9 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, black, reddish to each side of the suture, feebly and sparsely punctate, very finely coriaceous, dull; epipleura polished; metasternum polished. Abdomen black, tergites apically reddish, with netlike microsculpture, dull, 1st
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 95
to 4th visible tergites only laterally yellow hairy, 5th and 6th visible tergite also dorsally with long yellow hairs. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 2c).
By the hairy 5th and 6th visible tergites of the abdomen this species can be differ- entiated from the other species of the Simplex-Group and it seems related to the Synthe- ticus-Group, being differentiated by the narrow pronotum.
Holotype: male: Colombia, 1000’ Anchicaya VII. 22. 1970, leg. J. M. Campbell.
Paratypes: 2 females: Colombia, 1000’ Anchicaya VI1.22. 1970, leg. J. M. Camp- bell.
The types are deposited in the B.R.1.
Further specimen have been found in theM. C. Z. from Panama, Cerro Campana 1200’ Feb. 76 leg. A. Newton.
Holotrochus nationes n. sp. (Blatedsrakres >)
Description: Length: 4.5 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae red, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conıcal, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, the following 3 seg- ments quadrate, 7th to 10th segment transverse; head black, polished, distinctly and spar- sely punctate, clypeus with feeble, transverse undulate microsculpture, shining, eyes hardly shorter than the temples, these and the neck with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.7 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, apıcally and posteriorly reddish, shining, with distinct and sparse punctation, a small midline without punctures, laterally di- stinctly margined, the anterior edge only weakly margined; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.9 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, ferrugineous at the base and at the apex and laterally to the suture reddish, distinctly punctate, longitudinally coriaceous, shining; epipleura red, po- lished; metasternum black with netlike microsculpture. Abdomen black, the tergites apı- cally reddish, distinctly punctate, the base of the tergites with netlike microsculpture, therefore dull in the anterior half, the apex of tergites polished, distinctly but finely yel- low hairy, without haırs ın the midline. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 3 c).
H. nationes ıs very similar to A. glabrinotus and H. vianai and can only be ditfer- entiated by the structure of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Brazil D. F. 1000 m, Parque National, III-9-1970, leg. J. M. Campbell.
The type is deposited in Museum of Zoology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Holotrochus montepius n. sp. (Plate 3, Fig. 4)
Description: Length: 4.5 mm. Head 0.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; antennae ferrugi- neous, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th seg-
96 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
ment quadrate, the following segments transverse; head black, shining, very finely and sparsely punctate, eyes big, a little bit longer than the temples, these with a netlike mi- crosculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.8 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, black, reddish at the base, shi- ning, very finely and very sparsely punctate, widest in themiddle, hardly narrowed to the posterior edge and more narrowed to the apex, laterally distinctly margined, anterior edge margined except in the middle; epipleura polished. Elytra 1.0 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, ferrugineous, very finely and sparsely punctate, polished but very finely coriaceous and therefore less shining than the pronotum; epipleura and metasternum black, polish- ed. Abdomen reddish brown, the apıcal margın of tergites red, very feebly and sparsely punctate, the base of tergites wıth netlike microsculpture, dull, apıcally shining, tınely yellow haıry, a mıdline without hairs. Legs reddish yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 4c).
H. montepius ıs very sımilar to A. glabrinotus, H. nationes, and H. vianai. It can be differentiated by the bigger eyes and the very finely punctate and therefore very shining pronotum. A definite determination ıs only possible by the structure of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Mex. Montepio, nr. Catemaco, V. C. VI-19-1969, leg. Bright & Campbell.
The type ıs deposited ın B.R.I.
Holotrochus newtoni n. sp. (Plate 2, Fig. 4)
Description: Length 4.3 mm; Head 0.4 mm long, 0.55 mm wide; antennae dark brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical twice as long as the 2nd, 4th segment quadrate, 5th to 10th segment wider than long; head black, polished, sparsely punctate; eyes as long as the temples, these with transverse netlike microsculpture. Pronotum 0.7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; black, polished, sparsely punctate, widest at the anterior edge, posteriorly slightly narrowed, anterior edge margined except a small space ın the middle; hind angles rounded, epipleura polished. Elytra 0.8 mm long, 0.85 mm wide; black, polished, sparsely but coriaceously punctate. Abdomen with netlike microsculp- ture, slightly shining, laterally with fine yellow haırs. Legs brown. Male aedeagus plate 2, Hes3c
This species ıs only distinguished from the related species of the Simplex-group by the structure of ıts aedeagus.
Holotype: 179: Mexico, Meracruz, Canyon Rio Metlac, near Fortin, 3200 ft. VII-28—-VIII-1-1973, A. Newton collector (berlese, litter tropical evergreen forest).
Paratypes: 3 ©’, 9 Q: Mexico, Veracruz, Canyon Rio Metlac near Fortin 3200 ft. VII-28— VIII-1-1973; 1 2: Mexico: Puebla 5 mi NE Teziutlan, 5000 ft. cloud forest VII-16-20-1973.
1 male: Mexico: Puebla 5mi NE Teziıutlan, 5000 ft. cloud forest VII16-20 1973; 3 females: Mexico: Oaxaca Imi E Reforma near Tuxtepec VIII 12-15 1973; 7 males,
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 97
7 females: Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, Feb. 4, 6, 12 1976, leg. A. Newton (it- ter under old tree and vine fall); 1 male, 1 female: Panama: Canal Zone, Achiote, 9mi SW Gatun VI 19 1976, leg. A. Newton; 2 males, 1 female: Panama: Barro Colorado, Canal Zone, Jan. 19 1968, coll. Mac Fadyen, I/19-II1/9 1975 leg. Lawrence, July 1969 leg. Lawrence, B. & T. Hlavac (leaf litter forest floor).
Holotrochus convertus n. sp. (Plate 2, Fig. 3)
Description: length 4.6 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.65 mm wide; antennae dark brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical twice as long as the 2nd, 4th to 10th segments strongly transverse; head black, shining, labrum red, punctation fine and sparse; eyes as long as the temples, these with transverse netlike groundsculpture. Prono- tum 0.75 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; black, base indistinctly reddish, shining, finely and sparsely punctate, microsculpture extremely slıght and round mashed, widest ın the middle and convexly narrowed to the posterior and anterior edge respectively, anterior edge margined, epipleura polished. Elytra 1.0 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, black, shining, with fine and sparse punctation, epipleura polished. Abdomen black, slightly shining, the 5th visible tergite distally reddish, laterally with fine yellow haırs. Legs red.Male aedea- gus as on plate 2, fig. 3c.
This species belongs to the Simplex-group according to the laterally haıry abdomen and the length.
Holotype: 10°: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, Feb. 4, 1976, leg. A. New- ton (under bark, rotting log).
Paratypes:3 0,89: Panama: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, Feb. 2 and 11 1976, leg. A. Newton (under bark. rotting log).
The holotype and the paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoo- logy, Cambridge (U.S.A.).
4. Syntheticus-Group (syntheticus, laticollis, antennatus, poundı, leticiae) of sıze 3.6—5.0 mm, with depressions at the hind angles ofthe pronotum, relatively wıde prono- tum, totally haıry abdomen.
Holotrochus leticiae n. sp. (late 3, 210.09)
Description: Length 3.6 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conıcal, !/2 longer than the 2nd segment, 4th to 6th segment quadrate, 7th to 10th segment transverse; head black, shining, with few coarse punctures and more fine punctures, laterally to the eyes impunctate, eyes big and projec- ting, longer than the temples, these with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.6 mm
98 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
long, 0.85 mm wide, black, the base reddish, hind angles red brown, with laterally mar- gined depressions, anterior angles impunctate, disc punctate, apically with fine punctures to the base with coarser punctures, laterally and apically margined, base not margined; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.5 mm long, 1.05 mm wide, reddish brown shining, finely co-
Plate 4: Fig. 1 Holotrochus hyleae, fıg. 2 H. pecki, fıg. 3 H. schubarti (left of South Brazil, right of Colombia, antennae of the Columbian specimen), fig. 4 H. geraldı, fig. 5 H. franckei, fig. 6 Mimo- trochus pecki, fıg. 7 M. columbinus, a) front body, b) antennae, c) aedeagus, d) 6th visible abdominal tergite of male, e) lateral view of pronotum, f) lateral view of head, g) last sternite of male (scale of a — 1 mm, scale of bto g — 0.1 mm).
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 99
riaceous and therefore less shining than the pronotum; epipleura polished; metasternum with netlike microsculpture, dull. Abdomen black, the apex of tergites reddish, with net- like microsculpture, dull, completely but sparsely covered with yellow hairs. Legs brown. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 5c).
H. leticiae ıs smaller than the other species of the Syntheticus-Group and can be dif- ferentiated from them by the big projecting eyes.
Holotype: male: Colombia, Amaz. 7 km N. W. Leticia, 20-25 II 1972, leg. S. & ]J. Peck, forest lıtter, Ber. 230.
Paratypes: 4 females: Colombia, Amaz. 7 km N. W. Leticia 20-25 II 1972, leg. S. & J. Peck, forest litter, Ber. 230; male: Colombia, Amaz. Leticia VII-10-1970, leg. ]. M. Campbell; female: S. Isabel do Morro, I. Bananal Goias, Brazil, VI-1961, leg. Alva-
renga.
The holotype is deposited intheB.R. I., paratypesareintheB.R. I. and in the Mu- seum of the Instituto Nacıonal de Pesquisas da Amazönıa, Manaus, Brazil.
5. Cylindrus-Group (cylindrus, smithi, milleri, similis, centralis, volvulus, geraldı) of sıze 3.5—6.0 mm, with anterior edge of pronotum not margined, pronotum with a net- like ground sculpture or acharacteristic longitudinal ground sculpture and aedeagus with a long spiral endophallus.
Holotrochus geraldi n. sp. (Plate 4, Fıg. 4)
Description: Length 4.5 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae reddish yellow, 2nd segment longer than wide, 6th and 7th segment quadrate, $th to 10th seg- ment transverse; head black, very finely and sparsely punctate, shining, clypeus with fee- ble netlike microsculpture, shining, temples as long as the eyes, with netlike ground sculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, finely and sparsely punc- tate, with longitudinal microsculpture, poorly shining, laterally margined, both anterior and posterior edge not margined, widest in the middle, sıdes rounded; epipleura polısh- ed; prosternum short and with abruptly elevated process. Elytra 0.9 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, with fine and sparse punctation and finely corıaceous, nearly dull; epipleura polished; metasternum polished. Abdomen black, impunctate, with netlike microsculp- ture, slightly shining, 5th tergite apically red. Legs red brown. Male aedeagus (plate 4, fig. 4c).
H. geraldi ıs related to AH. milleri and H. cylindrus by the microsculpture of the head, but can be differentiated from H. milleri by ıts length and from AH. cylindrus by the
structure of the prosternum.
Holotype: male: Jamaica, St. Ann. P. 4mi $. Monique 28 XII 1972, leg. J. Peck 2509.
100 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Paratype: female: Jamaica,-St. Ann. P. 4 mı S. Monique 28 XII 192 lesa]jalLeek, 2590%
The types are deposited in the B.R. I..
6. Minor-Group (minor, inpaı, ingae, pumilus, trinıtatis, acromyrmicıs, hyleae, cerrı, pecki) of size 2.5—3.0 mm, wıth a more or less shining abdomen and endophallus of aedeagus with a basal straight and an apiıcal spiral part.
Holotrochus hyleae n. sp. (Plate 4, Fig. 1)
Description: Length 2.5 mm. Head 0.3 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; antennae red, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, as long as the 2nd, 4th to 10th segment transverse, 7th to 11th segment together like an elongated club; head black, very shining, punctation strong, but sparse, the distance between the punctures 2 to 3 times as long as the diameter of the punctures, eyes as long as the temples, these with a netlike ground sculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.45 mm long, 0.55 mm wide, black, reddish at the base, shining, strongly, but sparsely punctate, similar to the head, widest ın the middle, sides rounded, laterally and apically margined; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.55 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, black, at the base and apically reddish, shining, punctation like on the pronotum, with coriaceous punctures, laterally to the suture; epipleura polished, metasternum with netlike micro- sculpture, dull. Abdomen black, the apex at the anterior tergites reddish, 6th tergite to- tally red, distinctly punctate like on the pronotum, with netlike microsculpture, meshes of the microsculpture narrow at the base of tergites, wider at the apex of tergites, there- fore abdomen slightly shining. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 4, fig. 1c).
H. hyleae ıs the smallest species within the Minor-Group. It can be differentiated from the other species of the Minor-Group by the only slightly shining abdomen, but definitely only by a study of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Colombia, Amaz. 7km N. Leticia, 20-251 1972 lee 7 & ]J. Peck, forest litter, Ber. 230.
The type ıs deposited in theB.R.1..
Holotrochus pecki n. sp. (Plate 4, Fig. 2)
Description: Length 2.75 mm. Head 0.28 mm long, 0.45 mm wide; antennae red, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th seg- ment globular, 6th to 11th segment together like an elongated club; head black, shining, finely and sparsely punctate, eyes as long as the temples, these with a netlike microsculp- ture, dull. Pronotum 0.45 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, black, the base reddish, shining, fi- nely and sparsely punctate, sides margined, anterior edge only margined in the outer
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 101
third, widest in the middle, sides rounded, the posterior forth emarginated; epipleura po- lished. Elytra 0.55 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, reddish-brown, distinctly punctate, puncta- tion more or less coriaceous, shining; epipleura polished; metasternum polished. Abdo- men black, distinctly punctate, by the round meshed ground sculpture poorly shining. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 4, fig. 2c).
Within the Minor-Group the species can be mixed up with H. acromyrmicis and H. hyleae by its short length, but A. pecki can be easily differentiated from all other spe- cıies of the Minor-Group by its heart-shaped pronotum.
Holotype: male: Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia 25 II 1972, leg. S. & J. Peck, sifting old termite nest.
The type is deposited in the B.R.1..
Holotrochus cerri.n. sp. (Plate 3, Eıg,6)
Description: Length 3.3 mm, Head 0.35 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, 11/2 times as long as the 2nd, 4th seg- ment quadrate, 5th to 10th segment transverse; head black, finely and sparsely punctate, shining, clypeus with fine transverse coriaceous microsculpture, temples 1!/2 times as long as the eyes, with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the base reddish, finely and sparsely punctate, shining, laterally margined, anterior edge except the middle margined, the sides more or less parallel; epipleura polished. Ely- tra 0.65 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, black, the base reddish, finely and sparsely punctate, fi- nely coriaceous, less shining than the pronotum; epipleura reddish, shining; meta- sternum red, polished. Abdomen black, the tergites apıcally red, finely punctate, with netlike microsculpture, slıghtly shining, laterally wıth short and fine yellow haırs. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 6c).
Within the Minor-Group similar to H. ingae by the form of the pronotum, the punctation of the elytra and the structure of the antennae. From this species only to be differentiate by the study of the aedeagus.
Holotype: male: Panama, Cerro Campana, 2900’ VII 2. 1970, leg. J. M. Campbell.
Paratypes: 2 females: Panama, Cerro Campana, 2900’ VII 2. 1970 leg. J. M. Camp- bell.
The types are deposited ın the B.R.1..
7. Brasiliensis-Group (brasiliensis, columbiensis, centralensis) of sıze 3-4 mm, with elytra shorter than pronotum and abdomen hairy.
102 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
Holotrochus columbiensis n. sp. (Plateaskier7)
Description: Length 4.9 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, twice as long as the 2nd, 4th and 5th segment quadrate, 6th to 10th segment transverse; head dark brown, shining, finely and sparsely punctate, with very fine netlike ground sculpture, labrum quadrate, eyes short, temples twice as long as the eyes, with netlike ground sculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.7 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, brown, hind angles lightened, very finely and sparsely punctate, shi- ning, with nearly invisible, indistinct micropunctation, sides parallel, only in the anterior third narrowed to the anterior edge, laterally and apıcally margined, anterior angles im- punctate; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.5 mm long, 1.05 mm wide, ferrugineous, finely coriaceous, therefore less shining than the pronotum, punctation indistinct, lateral mar- gin broad and distinct; epipleura polished; metasternum with netlike microsculpture, dull. Abdomen brown, tergites apically ferugineous, shining, with netlike ground sculp- ture, finely punctate and yellow hairy. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 3, fig. 7c).
In comparison to H. brasıliensis the elytra are relatively shorter and the eyes are smaller. The aedeagi are distinctly different (male aedeagus of H. brasiliensis plate 3, fig. 8c).
Holotype: male: Colombia, Valle Soladito, VII 20. 1970, 6700’, leg. J. M. Camp- bell.
Paratypes: 1 male and 3 females: Colombia, Valle Soladito, VII 20. 1970, 6700, leg. J. M. Campbell.
The types are deposited ın the B.R.1..
Holotrochus centralensis n. sp. (Date 3,E17259)
Description: Length 4.2 mm. Head 0.35 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae dark brown, 2nd segment oval, 3rd segment conical, 4th segment quadrate, 5th to 10th seg- ments wider than long; head black, polished, with sparse and fine punctation, eyes as long as temples, with transverse reticulate groundsculpture. Pronotum 0.7 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; dark, polished plate distinctly convex, widest anteriorly slightly narrowed to the base, apıcally margined, sparsely and finely punctate, hind angles slightly promi- nent posteriorly, therefore base slightly emarginate, before the hind angles with slight de- pressions, epipleura polished. Elytra 0.7 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; black, polished, widest posteriorly, epipleura polished. Abdomen black, dull, with netlike groundsculpture, with yellow hairs. Legs brown. Male aedeagus on plate 3, fig. Ic.
This species is very similar to A. brasiliensis but distinctly differentiated by the structure of the aedeagus. The elytra are a little bit longer than those of A. brasiliensis.
Holotype: 10° Mexico: Chiapas, 8 mi N. Pueblo Nuevo, Solistahuacan 6000’, VIII 26. 27. 1973, A. Newton collector (berlese, cloud forest, leaf litter).
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 103
Paratypes: 40°, 109, Mexico: Chiapas, 8 mı N. Pueblo Nuevo, Solistahuacan, 6000’, VIII 26. 27. 1973, A. Newton collector. 60,89, Mexico: Chiapas, 6.6 mı W. El Bosque 4800’, VIII 29. 1973, leg. A. Newton (berlese, cloud forest, leaf litter).
The holotype and the paratypes are deposited ın the Museum of Comparative Zoo- logy, Cambridge (U.S.A.).
Holotrochus lineatocollis n. sp. (Plate 2, Fig. 6)
Description: Length 4.3 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.65 mm wide; antennae reddish brown, 2nd segment short conical, 4th to 10th segments transverse; head black, polished, sparsely and finely punctate; eyes as long as the temples, these with netlike transverse mi- crosculpture. Pronotum 0.75 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; black, polished, punctation sparse and fine, microsculpture extremely fine and round mashed, anterior edge and base red- dish, widest at the anterior edge, continously narrowed to the base; lateral margin eleva- ted before the anterior angle to the anterior margin, thus the anterior angle not margined. Elytra 0.9 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; black, polished, finely and sparsely punctate, micro- sculpture coriaceous, epipleura polished. Abdomen black, slightly shining, the hind edge of the 5th visible tergite reddish, laterally with few yellow hairs. Legs red. Male aedeagus on plate 2, fig. 6.
This species resembles the A. lineatus due to the lateral margin of the pronotum of the male, which however ıs different from that species as well as the structure of the aedeagus.
Blolotype: 1©: Canal Zone: Is. Barro Colorado, 11/19 — 11/9 1975, leg. Lawrence (under bark, rotting logs).
Paratyıpes: 2.3 2, Canal Zone: Is. Barro Colorado, 1/19 -1V/9 1975, leg. Law- rence (under bark, rotting logs).
The holotype and the paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoo- logy, Cambridge.
Holotrochus obstrusus n. sp. (Blate 2 Re, 5)
Description: Length 4.5 mm. Head 0.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; antennae red, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical twice as long as the 2nd, 4th segment quadrate, 5th segment quadrate but distinctly wider than the 4th, 6th to 10th segments wider than long; labrum red; head black, polished, finely and sparsely punctate; eyes a little bit shorter than the temples, these with netlike groundsculpture. Pronotum 0.85 mm long, 0.95 mm long, black, base indistinctly reddish, polished, punctation fine and sparse, sides parallel, lateral margin deflected under the lateral edge in the anterior third, than elevated before the anterior edge, the sides of pronotum therefore appear emarginate ın the anterior
104 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
third, anterior edge not margined, epipleura polished. Elytra 0.85 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, black, polished, with coriaceous microsculpture, epipleura polished. Abdomen black, the hind edge of tergites indistinctly reddish, dull, with netlike microsculpture, la- terally with yellow hairs. Legs red. Male aedeagus on plate 2, fig. 5c.
H. obstrusus resembles H. picescens due to the structure of the lateral margin of the pronotum, but ıs clearly differentiated by the usual structure of the clypeus and the aedeagus.
Holotype: 10°, Panama: Cerro Campana, 3200’, Feb. 1976 leg. A. Newton (ber- lese, cloud forest, leaf lıtter).
Paratypes: 30°, 49: Panama: Cerro Campana, 3200’, Feb. 1976 leg. A. Newton (berlese, cloud forest, leaf lıtter).
The holotype and the paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoo- logy, Cambridge (U.S.A.).
Holotrochus marginatus Sharp 1882 (Plate2, Fıg28e)
This species was known only by the type specimen from Sharps collection. In the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Mass., U.S.A. was anumber of spe- cımen from Mexico: Veracruz, Canyon Rio Metlac, July/Aug. Male aedeagus on plate 2, fig. 8c.
Holotrochus politus SHARP 1882 (Dlate 2yEıer7)
This species as well could be found in a number of specimen in the collection of the M.C. Z. from Mexico. It can be easily differentiated beside the characteristics of the al- ready known decription by the characteristic spermatheca of the female plate 2, fıg. 78. Male aedeagus on plate 2, fig. 7c.
Holotrochus similis IRmLEr 1981
IntheM.C. Z. from Panama: Canal Zone.
Holotrochus trinitatis (BLACKWELDER 1943)
IntheM.C. Z. from Mexico, Chiapas NW Ocozocautla, April, and Panama, Canal Zone.
Holotrochus milleri IRMLER 1981
IntheM. C. Z. from Panama, Canal Zone.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 105
? NN ’ i a in G “ Fa ar ER \ur “ 2 ' 07 I) , e ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ = ‘ N \ \ \ I} \ ( ) ' ' ı > ' \ x y x D \ ' Q I} \ ß ‘ Lo), > 2,J00krm ade Se N ‘ D . ‘ or Ü DS > [5 ‘ IN NSase: DP SQ SQ . Oi o nz
Plate 5: Map of Central and South America with localities of the different forms of H. schubarti (figured 6th visible tergite of males and the 4 basical segments of antennae).
Holotrochus schubarti IrmıEr 1981 (Plate 5, 4, Fig. 3)
Within the collection of the B.R. I. and the M. C.Z. are specimens of Colombia, Pa- nama, Venezuela, and Mexico which based on the structure of the aedeagus are ıdentical
106 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
to the South Brazilian 7. schubarti Irmler, but differ according to the form of the 7th vi- sıble tergite of males and the structure of the antennae. Especially the specimen of Co- lombıa differ in the following characters (plate 4, fig. 3):
I=Lensth 35 mm
2. Antennae longer, 2nd segment globular. 3rd segment 1!/2 times longer than the 4th.
3. 7th visible tergite of male with long lateral processes, which are at least twice as long as those of the A. schubarti of South Brazil.
The specimen of Venezuela have an intermediate form between those of Colombia and South Brazil, whereas those of Panama and Mexico have no processes at the 7th visi- ble tergite in males and antennae are shorter (plate 5).
Holotrochus franckei (WENDELER 1955) (Plate 4, Fig. 5)
Length: 5.5 mm; Head 0.4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; antennae 2nd segment globular, 3rd 1!/2 as long as 2nd, 4th and 5th quadrate, 6th to 10th transverse; head black, shining, sparsely but distincetly punctate, clypeus coriaceously punctate, temples above a lıne from the upper edge of the eyes to the neck dull, with reticulate microsculpture, beyond this line without microsculpture, shining. Pronotum 1.0 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, black, shining, with distinct punctation and very feeble depression at the basal edges. Elytra 1.0 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, with coriaceous punctation, moderately shining. Abdomen laterally haıry, dorsally dull with netlike microsculpture, last tergite biforked.
This species was wrongly described by WENDELER (1955) as Lispinus franckei, but ıs clearly a Holotrochus species, similar to H. plaumanni, but distinguished by the different structure of the aedeagus and the clypeus.
Holotype: 10: Brazil, Nova Teutonia, leg. Fritz Plaumann, in N.H.M. Berlin.
Holotrochus lundgreni IrmLEr nov. nom. H. opacus Irmler 1981 nec opacus Bernhauer 1934 Fortunately Dr. Lundgren, Normal, Illinois, U.S.A. has called my attention to the
homonymy of H. opacus Irmler 1981 with Holotrochus opacus Bernhauer 1934. There- fore anew name is necessary which should be as indicated above.
Holotrochus antennatus WENDELER 1955
Lispinus setosus WENDELER 1955 nov. syn.
The Lispinus setosus described by Wendeler 1955 is identical with Holotrochus an- tennatus Wendeler 1955.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 1072
Holotrochus osorioides (WENDELER 1955) nov. comb.
Lispinus osorioides WENDELER 1955
This species was wrongly described by Wendeler as a species of Lispinus but belongs clearly to the genus Holotrochus. The only type specimen ıs a female. Thus no definite taxonomic determination is possible, but it seams to be a real species.
Holotype: 19, Brazil, Nova Teutonia leg. F. Plaumann, deposited in the Natur- historisches Museum Berlın.
Mimotrochus n. gen.
Description: According to the overall form among the neotropical Osorıni this ge- nus is between the genus Holotrochus and Mimogonus respectively Mimogonia. It also resembles the Indian Paragonus Fauveı 1895 concerning to the hairy body and the emar- ginated pronotum but differs ın the palpae of the maxillae which are short ın Paragonus and of normal form in Mimotrochus. The pronotum is much more slender in Mimotro- chus and the elytra are much shorter than for Paragonus. Mimotrochus resembles as well the genus Paratrochus McCorı 1982 from New Zealand due to the small eyes and the short elytra, but Mimotrochus ıs much more hairy and the pronotum ıs emargıinated.
The body of Mimotrochus ıs totally covered with fine haırs, eyes very small, much smaller than the temples, the pronotum broad, laterally margined, sides emargınate at base like in the genus Mimogonus and Mimogonia, with a shining midline, the front coxae long, pearshaped, front tibiae at the anterior edge with few spines, at the interior edge slightly emarginate and there with arow of short haırs. Elytra shorter than the pronotum. Middle tibiae at the exterior edge with few spines, hind tibıae only haıry, tarsae with 5 segments, abdomen not margined. The type specimen is the holotype of the following species.
Mimotrochus pecki n. sp. (Plate 4, Fig. 6)
Description: Length 2.9 mm. Head 0.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; antennae red, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conical, as long as the 2nd, 4th segment strongly trans- verse, 3 times as wide as long, the segments 5 to 10 transverse as well but with increasing length, the 10th segment nearly quadrate; head black, densely and distinctly punctate, the distance between the punctures smaller than the diameter of punctures, within each puncture a long yellow haır, the hairs are orientated to the middle, above the eyes with a polished slight bulge, eyes small existing of about 15 to 20 omatides, temples with net- like microsculpture, dull; neck impunctate, polished. Pronotum 0.45 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, black, reddish at the base, shining, distinctly and densely punctate, like the head with a broad impunctate midline, with yellow hairs orientated to the midline, widest at the middle, laterally distinctly margined, the anterior edge only margined near the front angles; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.3 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, black, apically reddish,
108 Neotrop. species of the genus Holotrochus
punctation like on the pronotum, with yellow haırs orientated to the middle, sides mar- gined and with granulation; epipleura polished with one row of hairs; metasternum with netlike microsculpture, dull. Abdomen ferrugineous, shining, punctation like on the pronotum and the elytra, with yellow hairs orientated to the back. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 4, fig. 6c).
Holotype: male: Colombia, Qbda Susamaco, 23 km W. Villavicencio, 3—5 III 1972, leg. 8..& ]. Peck, 10009:m’T7912 914.
Paratypes: Colombia, Qbda Susamaco, 23 km W. Villavicencio, 3—5 III 1972, leg. S. &]. Peck, 11000 m 1912-914.
The Holotype is deposited in the B.R.I., Paratypes are ın B.R.I., and in my collec-
tıon.
Mimotrochus columbinus n. sp. (Plate 4, fig. 7)
Description: Length 3.0 mm. Head 0.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; antennae yellow, 2nd segment globular, 3rd segment conıcal, as long as the 2nd, 4th segment transverse, twice as broad as long, the following segments transverse but longer, the 10th segment nearly quadrate; head brown, polished, distinctly and densely punctate, with long yellow hairs orientated to the middle, punctation above the eyes coriaceous, on each sıde above the eyes with an impunctate shining bulge, eyes very small, with two big omatids only, the temples with netlike microsculpture, dull. Pronotum 0.5 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, brown, polished, apıcally and posteriorly reddish, distinctly and densely punctate, with long yellow hairs orıentated to the middle; epipleura polished. Elytra 0.3 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, ferrugineous, shining, punctation like on the pronotum, sides margined and with granulation, with yellow haırs orientated to the back; epipleura polished; meta- sternum with netlike microsculpture, dull. Abdomen brown, 5th and 6th visible tergites red, distinctly punctate, with yellow hairs orientated to the back, shining. Legs yellow. Male aedeagus (plate 4, fıg. 7c).
This species ıs easily to differentiate from M. pecki by the very small eyes.
Holotype: male: Colombia, C. Amara Tequendara VII 6.1960 7600’, leg. J. M. Campbell.
Paratypes: 3 females: Colombia, C. Amara Tequendara VII 6.1970, 7600’, leg. J. M. Campbell.
The types are deposited ın the B.R.1.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 109
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—— (1920): Zur Staphylinidenfauna Südamerikas, insbesondere Argentiniens. Arch. Naturgesch. 86: 170-183.
—— (1921): Zur Staphylinidenfauna von Südamerika. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.: 65— 77.
—— (1934): The staphylinid fauna of South Africa. Ann. Soc. Afr. Mus. 30: 481-509.
—— (1939): Zur Staphylinidenfauna Argentiniens und Brasiliens (Col.). Rev. Entomol 10: 231249,
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FAUVEL, A. (1863): Coleopteres de l’Ile de Cuba. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. Ser. 4 3: 427—446.
—— (1895): Staphylinides nouveaux de l’inde et de la Malaisie. Rev. d’Ent. 14: 180-284.
IRMLER, H. (1981): Descriptions of new neotropical Holotrochus and a key to the species ofthe genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Col. Bull. 35: 379— 397.
McCoıı, H. P. (1982): Osoriinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand (No. 2). DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand: 89 p.
SHARP, D. (1876): Contributions to the Staphylinidae ofthe Amazon valley. Roy. Entom. Soc. Lon., Trans. 1—424.
—— (1882): Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae. Vol. 1, pt. 2. London 824p., 19 pl.
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Authors address:
Dr. Ulrich Irmler
Abt. Angewandte Okol./Küstenforschung, Zoologisches Institut der Universität, Olshausenstr. 40—60,
2300 Kiel, W.-Germany.
Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 35/36, 1987 »ı
Eine neue Art der Gattung Leleupium Kaszab 1956
(Col., Tenebrionidae, Phrenapatini)
VonH. J. Bremer
Abstract
A new species Leleupinm meruense from Mt. Meru is described. It represents the first species from outside the known distribution area of this genus, the highlands and montain forests of Ruanda and the Kivu-Province of Zaire.
Die Arten der Gattung Leleupium-Kaszas, 1956 waren bisher nur aus dem Hoch- land und den Bergwäldern von Ruanda und der Kivu-Provinz von Zaire bekannt.
Diese Gattung zeichnet sich durch stark reduzierte oder fehlende Augen, deutlich gerandete Wangen und eine viergliedrige Fühlerkeule aus. Die Arten sind untereinander — wie häufig bei den Phrenapatinı — sehr ähnlich.
Die hier beschriebene Art ist die erste, die außerhalb des bisher beobachteten Ver- breitungsgebietes bekannt wird. Sie kommt ın den Bergwäldern des Mount Meru ın Tan- sanıa vor. Ein einzelnes Exemplar aus den Bergwäldern des Kilimandjaro lag mir aus dem Transvaal-Museum, Pretoria, vor. Es steht der neuen Art vom Mt. Meru sehr nahe. We- gen der großen Ähnlichkiet der Arten dieser Gattung untereinander wage ich jedoch die Beschreibung einer neuen Art nach einem Stück nicht.
Bei der Untersuchung der verwandten Arten dieser Gattung fiel mir auf, daß die Form des Clypeus innerhalb der Typenserie von Leleupium celısi Kaszag unterschiedlich ist: Der Holotypus weist einen nach vorn und vorn seitlich gleichmäßig verrundeten Clypeus — ähnlich der Oberfläche eines Kugelsegmentes — auf, während die Paratypen einen nach vorn seitlich abgeflachten Clypeus besitzen. Da ein sexueller Dimorphismus bei Phrenapatini ungewöhnlich ist, müßte später anhand von mehr Material dieser Art
entschieden werden, ob es sich um eine individuelle Variation oder um einen artspezifi- schen Unterschied handelt.
112 Eine neue Art der Gattung Leleupium
Leleupium meruense n. sp.
Länge: 3,10—3,55 mm (Holotypus 3,55 mm); Breite: 1,35—1,59 mm (Holotypus 1,52 mm).
Farbe: Halsschild, Kopf und Unterseite hellbraun; Flügeldecken etwas dunkler; stark glänzend, oben ohne wesentliche mikroretikuläre Zeichnung.
Gestalt: Kompakt, halbzylindrisch; Flügeldecken länglich oval; großer Kopf; von oben betrachtet, keine Augen sichtbar.
Kopf: Großer breiter Kopf (Verhältnis der maximalen Breite des Halsschildes zur Breite des Kopfes wie 8,4:6,1). Von oben und schräg von der Seite betrachtet sind keine Augen zu erkennen; die Wangen sind dadurch von den Schläfen nur durch eine etwas dunklere Färbung der Schläfengegend abzugrenzen. Die seitlichen Kopfränder verlaufen annähernd parallel. Die Wangen sind breit und deutlich gerandet; die Randung endet vorne am clypealen Ausschnitt, biegt dort nach hinten um, umschließt so medial eine kleine Vertiefung und verliert sich dahinter bald; hinten verliert sich die Randung der Wangen dort, wo normalerweise die Augen zu erwarten wären. In der Mitte der Wangen findet sich