ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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PROCEEDINGS
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
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THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
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VOLUME XXXII, 1 920
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JANUARY, 1921
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
\\i>
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXII
JANUARY, 1'X'l
No. 1
CONTENTS
Wade — Notes on Ecology of Tcnebri- onidae (Col.) i
Wright — A New Pterophorus ( Lepid. i 6
Braun — Notes on Microlepidoptera with Descriptions of New Species
Williamson — Two Days with Indiana Odonata 19
Ramsden — A New Xylophanes from Cuba (Lepid., Sphingidae) 23
Editorial — Another New Year's Reso- lution 25
Stoner— An Additional Distributional
Record for Rhacognathus america- nus Stal. ( Hemjp.-Heterop. ) 26
Barnes and Lindsey— Further Notes on "A Rare Pamphlet" (Hymen., Lep., Neur. ) 26
Rohwer— Chalybion Dahlbom not a Synonym of Sceliphron Klug(Hy). 27
!• iitoniological Literature 28
Review of A New Study of the Econo- mic Value of DragonHies 30
Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc. (Lep., Dipt., Orth,. Odon , Hyin.) 31
Notes on Ecology of Injurious Tenebrionidae (Col.).
By J. S. WADE, Scientific Assistant, I'.ureau of Entomology,
Washington, 1 ). C.
Some genera of native Tenebrionidae at one time considered of negligible economic importance are becoming, in the larval stage, each year more destructive to newly sown wheat and other grains over the semi-arid regions of the middle and western United States. The area of especial infestation com- prises central and western Texas, < Iklahoma, Kansas, Nebras- ka, eastern New Mexico, Ari/.ona. California, and the Pacific Northwest.
Of the family Tenebrionidae about 10,000 species of widely varying form and size are known, and about 750 ot these occur within the limits of the United States. In the western and southwestern states where the1 larger number of species occur they, like the Carabidae of eastern localities, comprise the most conspicuous portion of the Coleopterous fauna. Most ()| the species are black or dark brown, and some of the larger torm-, have long awkward legs and a peculiar loose-jointed appearance. A number of the species, notably lilcatics and Blapstinns, po
1
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
sess very few structural characters in common, and are linked together by such gradual changes and such great variations in structure, within their respective limits of distribution, that their classification presents great difficulties.
The following notes are based upon observations and collec- tions made with special reference to relation to cereal crops, by the writer or other assistants of the Bureau of Entomology in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa. Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico. North 'Dakota. Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington. Thus far it has been found that species most injurious to grow- ing crops are those within the genera Elcodcs, Embaphioii, Blapstinus, and within the old genus Asida. It is probable, however, that in the near future species within other closely related genera will become pests upon the consequent destruc- tion of native grasses and other host plants, and the cultiva- tion of the soil. The injury to wheat and other grain is wrought by the larvae in destroying the newly sown grain be- fore and during its germination in the fall.
Field surveys have been sufficiently extensive to secure data of significance bearing on the distribution factors of the injuri- ous species as related to possible control measures. Any notes on local environment which throw light upon the various con- ditions under which the insects occur in numbers, and under which they might become serious pests, may afford valuable- hints as to the most successful control measures, or may indi- cate types of ground or other conditions to be avoided in growing susceptible crops.
Climatic limitations. The conditions of a region in rela- tion to various phenomena of the atmosphere, such as tempera- ture and moisture, forms an especially important factor in the dispersal of these insects. It has long been known that these insects, especially the Eleodiini, occur chiefly in arid regions; thus, there are comparatively few species in the northeastern United States, while there are many in the southwestern por- tions of the country.
Character of soil. ( )bservation has shown that the species under consideration are found most abundantly, under similar
XXxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3
physical and climatic conditions and altitudes, in sandy <>r sandy loam soils. The fact that such soils arc much better suited to the multiplication of these insects than those contain- ing a high percentage of clay, has been repeatedly noted by collectors, and the general prevalence in a locality ot" a hard "gumbo" or of a clayey surface is not suitable for the best development of these Tenehrionidae. In instances where there are small local sandy areas and clay is the predominating soil. such as often occurs in western Kansas ;uid western Nebraska. the arenaceous areas are usually much more productive for the collector of these beetles. The great abundance of beetles of the genus Elcodcs has been repeatedly correlated with friable and often gravelly as well as merely sandy soil and sub-soil.
Condition of soil. The breaking of native sod, especially on sandy land, and the consequent changes in the condition ot the soil, also has an important bearing on the1 multiplication ot the injurious species. The epigaeal Tenebrionidae are less abund- ant on such land while it is under cultivation, as by such pro- cess the immature stages more often are distributed and ex- posed to the elements and to enemies. It is noted, however, that the insects are found abundantly in grass and weeds near to and around the edges of such areas. The breaking up ot sod on hard land may occasionally favor the increase of Kleodiini and Asidini. probably by furnishing a medium beneath which the adults can more easily deposit eggs and obtain shelter. 1-ur- ther, it has been repeatedly observed that lUcodcs are much more abundant on strips of plowed land which were afterwards permitted to run wild than on the native hard surface' around such plowed portions. The presence of humus also increases the likelihood of greater infestation. The adults of Eleodes and Embaphion appear to show marked preference for tin- areas upon which grass is scanty and short instead ol those upon which the growth is heavy. They are also more easily found, in warm weather, near sunset or during twilight.
Drainage of soil. All collections made indicate that good drainage favors the multiplication of /:7rm/r\ and other I en- ebrionidae of like habits. Other conditions being ec|iial. gently sloping hillsides usually are more heavily infested than are
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
flats between them, \\~hen collecting upon a gently rolling surface, it has been repeatedly noted that a difference in alti- tude of only a few feet may be sufficient to cause a change in the number of specimens found, there being fewer on lower ground where drainage would be imperfect. It also frequently happens that a field located in lower ground surrounded wholly or in part by slightly higher areas may be practically free of damage, although the insects are present nearby in abundance.
It has long been known that a prolonged dry spell in the semi-arid regions caused practically complete disappearance of Tenebrionidae from the surface of the ground. Notwithstand- ing the fact that the beetles normally avoid low-lying damp spots, yet showers form the most effective stimulus to bring the adults to the surface from their subterranean cells in which the pupal life has been passed. Such showers will be found by the collector to be in direct ratio to the abundance of speci- mens found. Adults leave shelter and run about just before or just after a rain, and throughout the day during cloudy weath- er, in the manner habitual to their twilight activities.
Covering of soil. If the growth of vegetation is sufficiently heavy entirely to cover and shade the ground, these insects are present only in small numbers, whereas if the covering of weeds, thistles, and debris is not too thick, the insects may flourish in abundance. All of the different genera under con- sideration are often found in greatest profusion under small piles of Russian thistles (Salsola kali var. tcnnifolia Mey.) which have been cut and piled in small heaps preliminary to destruction by fire, or where thistles and other trash, blown by high winds, have lodged along fence rows and other obstruc- tions. They are usually present in greatest numbers beneath piles of dried rather than green thistles. Both larvae and adults can be found beneath loose straw around the edges of wheat and in stockyards around shocks, wheat stacks, and piles of threshed straw. Greater numbers occur beneath edges of new straw piles than of those two or three years old. Elcodcs are often congregated, sometimes in considerable numbers, under dried leaves at the base of the common thistle (Cirsinni lane eolat um Hill). Such habits might of course be used to
XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5
advantage in ridding infested land of the pest, by destroying all weeds and trash, and at the same time harmonize with good farm practice. The beetles are also found quite abund- antly in the immediate vicinity of railroad tracks, under rub- bish that has been scattered about, par icularK under bits of cardboard, sheet metal, and paper. The latter appears to be such a favorite shelter for adul: s that paper might serve as a good cover for poisoned baits when such are used as a con- trol measure. Occasionally beetles are noticed on vacant lots along edges of streets and sidewalks in residential sections of towns within in tested districts, and there are a few records where under favorable conditions they have developed into garden pests. It does not, therefore, appear that these insects avoid ground already occupied by the ordinary activities of man.
While heavy pasturage appears to keep down these insects, the presence of cattle in moderate numbers, where cattle- raising is practiced on native ranges, is probably conducive to the multiplication of fclcodcs, such conditions and such effect being" largely similar to that preceding the arrival of the pio- neer, when buffalo pastured upon these areas. In instances where the herds of cattle are not too large there appears to be slight likelihood of the insects being trampled out, particu- larly in the loose or sandy soils. Wherever grass is at all scanty, the number of cattle becomes more limited, which con- dition decreases chances for injury and destruction of the insects. The dried dung forms excellent shelter, under such conditions, for adults, and possibly for the larvae. A marked preference is shown by the adults for such cover, especially if the cakes are thin, and sufficiently well dried to posse--, non- conducting properties. Serious damage by this pest often fol- lows planting of a cereal crop on old pasture land or on adja- cent land, as such a tract might serve as a center of infesta- tion for all nearby cultivated fields.
Areas upon which systematic crop rotation has not been practiced and upon which wheat has been planted year alter year without fallowing are generally much more heavily in- fested.
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
While an infested field is likely to contain several species, there will be occasional areas containing a large majority of specimens of a single species, which constitutes the principal pest of that immediate locality. Hence collections made on July 31 at Ford, Kansas, around newly stacked wheat in up- land sandy loam, furnished practically all adults of Eleodes opaca Say, whereas collections made at Dodge City, Kansas, 15 miles away, three days later, under the same general con- ditions, furnished practically all adults of Eleodes obsolete Say. Again collections made on July 22 at Plains, Kansas, from beneath wheat shocks in an upland field recently in native sod, were nearly all adults of Eleodes sutitralis Say, whereas collections made at Liberal, Kansas, 20 miles distant, two days later, under the same general conditions, furnished practically all adults of Eleodes opaca Say. The complexity of distribu- tion points to the necessity for more careful study of the dif- ferent species of similar habits from a greater number of col- lections made over more extended and diverse territory before deductions as to control should be considered absolutely trust- worthy.
While the scope of this paper does not include a discussion in detail of prevention and control, it is believed that a study of the factors as outlined, affecting the distribution of these pests in relation to possible control measures, will indicate that a .carefully worked out system of crop rotation will prove to be one of the best measures to be advocated. However, the keep^ ing down of weeds, and destruction of all debris, especially dead and decaying vegetable matter upon or near to infested tracts, together with late winter or early spring plowing doubt- less also will prove to be of much value.
A New Pterophorus (Lepid.).
By Wr. S. WRIGHT, San Diego, California.
Pterophorus fieldi, n. sp.
Expanse 21 to 26 mm.
Palpi, front and vertex mottled light brown and white; antennae whitish with very fine brown annulations.
Anterior part of thorax but?, this color spreading out into the base
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7
of custa of primaries, somewhat darker and narrower in 1 email's than males. Thorax dorsally brown, becoming lighter basally. Abdomen light brownish buff on anterior part with a red-brown squarish spot close to base, becoming quite dark, almost seal-brown, mottled with lighter on the anal segments.
Fore wings : Ground color white, the costal edge, discal area from base to cleft, and inner margin broadly brown-streaked, the spaces between being more or less suffused with light brown scales. A dark browm costal streak just above the base of the cleft, connected broadly with the outer end of the discal streak, preceded and followed by white; another brown costal streak at the base of the first lobe occu- pying about one-half the space then narrowly white to apex. Extreme tip dark, two short dark longitudinal streaks, rather faint, near the base of the lobe. A white spot resting on the base of the cleft con- nected obliquely by a fine white line to the outer costal white spot. Second lobe brown at tip, a faint brown line down the center, a small rectangular white spot on vein \b at about one-third from the base. Fringe smoky, a whitish spot at anal angle, darker within the cleft, a very dark spot a little inward from tip of first lobe.
Hind wings dull smoky brown with a faint reddish tinge and darker fringes.
Legs white, more or less mottled with light brown, a small brush of appressed brown scales at end of fore tibia. The middle tibia shows the same development and in addition has a small cluster of long scales at the center. Hind tibia as the middle, but a little more prominent. Spurs light at base, smoky at tip.
In many specimens the scale clusters on tibiae become more or less ol solete, being represented by a slight swelling of the member at middle and end.
Types: Male, San Diego, California, May 24, 1910 (dm. H. Field). Female. San Diego, California, June 23, 1911 (Author). In author's collection.
Parat\pes : 33 specimens, male and female, in Mr. Field's .'i ml the author's collections. All taken at San Diego. Califor- nia, between the 24th of May and the 26th of June.
Seventy-two specimens were examined in this study ; all were taken at light.
The species is dedicated to my friend, Mr. (leo. H. Held. whose tireless field work has added many new specie^ and much valuable information to the literature of West C<>a-t Entomology.
8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Notes on Microlepidoptera with Descriptions of
New Species.
By ANNETTE F. BRAUN. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Isophrictis similiella Chambers.
Gclccliia simiUclla Chambers. Can. Ent. IV, 193, 1872.
Paltodora siinincUa (Chambers) Busck, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, 779. 1903; XXX, 722, 1906.
The only reference to the life history of this species is found in Mr. Busck's Revision of American Gclechiid Moths, where he mentions the rearing of poor specimens from flower heads of sunflower from Oklahoma.
The larvae bore in the receptacle of the flower heads of hlack-eyed Susan (Rudbcckia hirla). At pupation the larva burrows down into the stem for a distance of one-fourth to two or three inches, where it makes an opening to the outside, and then pupates in the stern.
The species is very common locally around Cincinnati, nearly every flower head containing one or more of the whitish larvae. The moths emerge during the flowering period of the plant, which extends from June to August.
Aristotelia robusta n. sp.
Head and face yellowish fuscous, palpi dark fuscous irrorated with black ; second segment whitish inwardly and at extreme apex out- wardly, third segment shorter and thicker than usual, apical half white ; extreme tip sometimes black. Antennae blackish fuscous in the apical half, with the last segment, and fifth and tenth from the tip white ; beginning with the fourteenth segment from the tip, paler fuscous, annulate with yellowish white.
Fore wings dull ocherous rather densely overlaid with purplish fuscous dusting, especially toward apex, where it obscures the ground color. Before the middle of the wing and beginning within the costa, a darker shade crosses the wing very obliquely to the fold where it spreads out, rarely reaching the dorsal margin near tornus. At two- thirds a not very oblique yellowish costal streak passes to the middle of the wing just beyond the rather elongate black spot at the end of the cell. A dark line at the base of the cilia is broken on the costa by four faint ocherous spots ; similar pale spots sometimes visible along termen. Hind wings fuscous. Legs dull yellowish, densely dusted with dark fuscous outwardly. Alar expanse: 11-12 mm.
pe ( $ ) rind 30 paratypes reared from larvae mining
xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9
leaves of Scirpits atroi'ircns, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and par- atypes in writer's collection, paratype in collection of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences oi Philadelphia.
The larvae begin to mine early in April. The mine extends toward the tip of the leaf, beginning as a small transparent blotch, with an opening on the under side of the leaf ; following this is a linear green portion with sides nearly parallel, in which the leaf substance is not eaten ; beyond this the mine expands and becomes larger and semi-transparent. When ready to pupate, the larva leaves the mine through a circular hole in the upper side of the linear green portion. Larva whitish with head black, thoracic plate dark brown, a brown spot on pos- terior half of 9 and anterior half of 10. The imagoes emerge in early June.
This species is most easily distinguished by the thickened dark palpi with sharply contrasting whitish apical half of the third segment.
Telphusa agrifolia n. sp.
Palpi with second segment dark gray, irrorated, with inner side and sometimes extreme tip whitish, third segment black, sometimes with an indistinct whitish annulus near tip. Face gray, head blackish, irrorated ; antennae black, with gray annulations.
Fore wings with large patches of raised scales; ground color brown- ish black, sometimes with golden brown reflections, especially in the apical half, and sometimes unevenly dusted with pale brownish and whitish scales.
In one form an oblique whitish band crosses from basal fourth of costa to near middle of dorsum, and follows the dorsum, but is inter- rupted just before the tornus by an extension of ground color to the margin; at the tornus it curves upwards and ends beneath the apex: its shape and position are almost exactly those of the white band in T. lonyifasciella Clemens. An inwardly oblique irregular line of paler scales sometimes crosses the wing from apical third of costa to just beyond the middle of the dorsum. The ground color is darkest im- mediately before the oblique band, and before the curved portion of the whitish area beneath the apex.
In the more common form, the white is almost everywhere replaced by dull blackish blue; a longitudinal streak of whitish scales some- times remains just below basal fourth of costa; a few pale scales follow the inner edge of the curved portion beneath the apev
Three darker spots along costa in apical third, a dark patch at apex.
10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
and three or four small dark spots along termen. The patches of raised scales are situated as follows : one within the dorsal margin near hase ; heyond it another at the inner edge of the white band; raised scales border the white band also just above the fold; beyond the fascia on the disk a large tuft, and beyond this tuft, but nearer the costa, a minute tuft; obliquely below the first of these, a larger tuft in the fold, followed by a large tuft above the fold, immediately above the second of these tufts, and sometimes connected with it, is a small tuft. Just above the space between the two large tufts the ground color is darkened. A line of slightly raised scales borders the inner edge of the curved portion of the band beneath apex. Hind wings brownish gray, darker along the margins, cilia concolorous. Legs fuscous, irrorated, with tips of segments whitish. Alar expanse 13.5-14 mm.
Type ( $ ), a specimen of the dark form, reared from larva on California live oak, Qucrcus agri folia; Alameda County, California. Paratypes : Alameda County ; Redwood Canyon. Marin County ; Dutch Flat, Placer County ; Mt. Saw Tooth, Tulare County, California, 11,500 ft. Type in the writer's collection, paratypes in the collection of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, the California Academy of Sci- ences, and in the U. S. National Museum.
The following note will aid in identifying the larva : Head and next two segments dark plum-colored, remainder of body grayish with tubercles dark.
This species is the closest ally of the eastern T. longifasciella Clemens, but is very distinct from it. The dark form is the most common ; specimens with a distinct whitish band are rather unusual, but all gradations between the two occur to- gether.
Recurvaria ceanothiella n. sp.
Face white, head dusted with dark fuscous ; palpi black, second seg- ment with a narrow white annulus near apex, and another at extreme apex, more whitish inwardly, third segment with a white annulus at base and middle, extreme tip white. Antennae dark fuscous, basal segment white anteriorly, stalk annulate with gray.
Fore wings whitish, densely dusted with dark fuscous; three darker shades cross the wing obliquely, at one-fourth, one-half and three- fourths respectively, sometimes scarcely distinguishable from the rest of the wing except as dark patches on costa. Between the first of these and the base of the wing, a small black spot on costa; between
XXxii, *2l] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11
the first and second dark shade. a black spot within the costa; beyond the third dark shade, a narrow whitish s!re::k. sometimes almost o!)literated by dusting, curses inward just within the costa, then runs obliquely outward to the ternien just beyond tornus. A more or less distinct black dot in apex, preceded by one or two more or less distinct black dots on costa and termen. Three la rye patche , of black rai>ed scales in a line about equally spaced, the first two in the fold, the third above it, and lying in the dark .shades. XYaivr the base than the first of these is a small black spot on the dorsal margin. Hind winy with- out hair pencil in male. Legs yray with tips of segments silvery; a faint paler bar across hind tibiae. Alar expanse: 11-1.1 mm.
Type ( $ ) .'ind a large scries of paratypes reared from larvae mining leaves of Ccanotlnts (lit'aricntiis Xutt.. Dutch Flat. Placer County, California. Type and paratypes in the writer's collection, paratypes in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the California Acad- emy of Sciences.
The mine starts on the lower side of the leaf, usually next to the midrib; the entrance guarded by a short tube of silk. The mine is at first linear, with branches extending out from it; later blotchlike. including the linear portion. Pupa in a cocoon between two leaves tightly spun together. Larvae re- ceived February 20, imagoes April 15 to May (>.
The curved pale streak at three-fourths and the line of three patches of raised scales are the most distinguishing character- istics of this species.
Brachmia hystricella n. sp.
Face pale straw-colored, head brownish ocherous, palpi brownish ocherous, upper and lower edge with a fine white line from bast to apex, antennae brownish, banded beneath with whitish.
Thorax and fore wings brownish ocherous or fuscous; veins dis- tinctly outlined with pale straw color; costal and dorsal margins and a streak from middle to end of cell also whitish; a curved white streak, with convex side toward the costa, lies between the cell and costal margin. There is a round black discal spot on die middle of the cell, and a similar one at the end of the cell; an elongate black spot in the fold beginning below the first discal ; all three spots edged with white scales. Costal cilia straw-colored, cilia on termen fuscous, sharply contrasting along a diagonal line at apex; margin of termen blackish, cilia with two parallel fuscous lines, of which the outer is usually the darker and broader. Hind wings whitish straw -co], or grayish. Legs straw-colored. Alar expanse: 13-15 mm.
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Type and seven paratypes reared from larvae in rolled leaves of Hystri.v patula, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and para- types in writer's collection, paratype in collection of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
There are several generations a year ; larvae winter in the rolled leaves and reach maturity early in spring.
Larva with head brownish ocherous, lateral margins dark reddish brown, the dark brown continuing on the whitish first thoracic seg- ment as two posteriorly converging lines, next four segments dark reddish brown, anterior margins of second and third thoracic seg- ments whitish, remaining abdominal segments whitish, with subdorsal brown line and oblique brown bar extending from subdorsal line at anterior margin of each segment posteriorly and ventrally.
Brachmia badia n. sp.
Head and face ocherous, palpi with a white line beneath ; antennae ocherous, ends of segments brownish ocherous above.
Thorax and fore wings ocru-rous, the scales in the outer half of the wing tipped with a slightly deeper more reddish color. A dark brown discal dot in middle of cell, and a larger slightly transverse spot at end of cell, a dark brown plical spot a little anterior to the first discal. Cilia concolorous with* wing ; with two faintly indicated darker lines along the termen. Hind wings whitish. Legs brownish ocherous. Alar expanse: 16 mm.
Type ( $ ), Fredalba, California, August 13 (G. R. Pilate). Type in writer's collection.
The addition of this species to our fauna is interesting be- cause it shows the extended distribution of the genus in the United States.
Ethmia longimaculella Chambers.
Ethmici longimaculella Chambers, Can. Ent., IV, 43, 1872; Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 207, 1902; Barnes & Busck, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep., IV, pi. XVII. f. 14, pi. XXXVI, f. 1, 1920.
syn. walsinghamella Beut., Ent. Am., V, 9, 1889.
Large numbers of the larvae of this species were found feeding on leaves of Lithospermum I at i folium, Clermont Coun- ty. Ohio, July 10. The larva when young spins a web on the under side of a leaf, stretching from midrib to a lateral vein, but not reaching the margin. At this time it eats the lower side of the leaf, leaving the upper epidermis untouched. Later it folds the leaf upwards, bringing the margins together near
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13
the base; within this it spins a fine \vel> spreading outwardly ; the lower epidermis is left uneaten now.
The larva is a very conspicuously marked creature: head almost black, first thoracic segment golden !>rovvn, second thoracic segment very dark reddish brown, remaining segments somewhat paler brown with four irregular pale brownish yellow conspicuous transverse bands situated as follows: at the anterior margin of the third thoracic, across the posterior margin of the third thoracic and anterior margin of the first abdominal, at the posterior margin of the fifth abdominal, and at the posterior margin of the sixth abdominal segments respectively.
Cocoon of silk and bits of rubbish on the surface ol the ground. Imagoes May 12-15 of the following year.
Heliozela aesella Chambers.
Hclioscla aesella Chambers, Can. Ent.. IX, 108, 1877.
The larvae produce flattened galls on leaves of grape. The gall consists of an irregularly shaped thickening of the leaf, sit- uated on a vein and extending to either side of it, the area in- volved rarely being more than one centimeter in diameter, with a thickness perhaps three or four times that of the leaf itself. The galls are paler in color than the rest of the leaf and about equally distinct on the upper and lower surface. The larva consumes most of the leaf substance in the gall, especially in a large oval area, where only the epidermis is left. At maturi- ty it cuts from this area, an oval case, in outline similar to that of Antispila. This case, however, does not remain flat, but is rolled up into a spindle, which falls to the ground. The spindle is flattened at each end. where a semi-circular fissure is left, guarded by the closely appressed, flattened, projecting ends. The spindle is then covered with fine panicles of earth, and lined throughout with close whitish silk. Within this cocoon an inner pupal chamber is partitioned oft" : this tapers to a point at the posterior end, but at the anterior end is closed by a flat transverse sheet of papery silk. In emergence, the pupa pushes up this sheet of silk and protrudes fn>m the cocoon to the side of the median line between the flat project- ing ends.
The moths appear in the latter part of April and in early May; the galls develop on the expanding leaves and arc fully formed by the beginning of June. The larvae reach maiuri'.y
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
about the middle of June. There is but one generation a year. In the vicinity of Cincinnati I have found the galls only on Vitis cordifolia. In other localities it occurs on other species of grape ; specimens of the work on a cultivated variety from Boston were submitted to me for identification some years ago by Mr. J. L. King, at that time on the staff of the Ohio Agri- cultural Experiment Station. In a letter accompanying the specimens he wrote that it has also been observed in the grape belt in northern Ohio.
Argyresthia undulatella Chambers.
Argyrcsthia uiidulatcHa Chambers, Can. Ent., VI, 10, 1874: Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XXXII, 22, 1907.
The larvae mine in the inner living bark of the main trunk and branches of the red elm (Uliiius fnh'a-}, hollowing out an elongate cavity. In early spring the presence of the larvae is shown by the brownish frass which is pushed to the outside. Early in April, in a crevice of the bark, it spins its cocoon, con- sisting of an inner spindle-shaped cocoon of very fine soft silk, covered on the outer side with a coarse web of irregular mesh. The cocoons are often found on the trunks in great numbers.
Coleophora coenosipennella Clemens.
Coleophora coenosipennella Clemens; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5. I860; Tin. No. Am., 88, 1872.
The type of this species is not now in existence ; but speci- mens of a species feeding on seeds of Stcllaria pub era (great chick weed) agree so closely with Clemens' description of that species that I have no hesitation in determining them as that species. There is, however, considerable variation in ground color; the color ranges from very pale yellow to brownish. In the palest specimens, the white streaks are broader than the intervening streaks of ground color; in the darker specimens the reverse is the case, and the ground color almost obliterates the short oblique white streaks between the terminal portions of the costal and distal streaks. The basal segment of the antennae and also two or three succeeding segments are swol- len with closely appressed scales. The wing expanse is 11.5— 12 mm.
Specimens determined as this species have been placed in
xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15
the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, and in the U. S. National Museum.
The moths appear in the latter half of April. Very young larvae were collected feeding within the unopened seed-pods of the chickweed in the middle of May. Even at .this time, the flowering stems are wilted down and lying on the ground. The first silken cases were ohserved on May 25 ; this silken case is attached to the outside of the pod and the larva feeds on the seeds within. When the valves of the pod begin to curl open, a smooth sheet of silk is spun across, which prevents the seeds from dropping out. To this sheet of silk the case is now usu- ally attached. The larvae feed for about ten days after spin- ning the silken case. Case short cylindrical, 6 mm. long, with' strongly deflexed mouth, three-valved at apex ; yellowish white at first, grayish when mature, and decorated with numerous dark reddish granules.
Coleophora borea n. sp.
Face and mid-dorsal line of head brownish ocherous, sides of the head whitish, palpi white above, brownish ocherous or fuscous be- neath, second segment with a pointed tuft projecting more than half the length of the third segment ; antennae white, annulate with brown- ish ocherous or fuscous, basal segment and four or five succeeding segments somewhat thickened with scales.
Fore wings brownish ocherous or fuscous with the veins except the base of the upper margin of the cell distinctly outlined in white; dorsal margin white; interspaces between the costal veins shading to dark brown at the base of the costal cilia; the dark brown usually forms a streak below vein 7, extending into the apical cilia ; a broad streak sometimes dark brown, sometimes scarcely deeper than the ground color, extends the length of the cell and ends in a dark brown spot, which is most conspicuous in the paler specimens. Cilia brownish ocherous intermixed with white scales, which form a line at the base of the cilia along the termen. Hind wings and cilia fuscous. Legs whitish ocherous, first two pair fuscous outwardly, posterior pair with a fuscous line along the outside. Alar expanse: 15-16 mm.
Tvf>e ( $ ) and 25 paratypes reared from larvae mining into seeds of the climbing false buckwheat (Polyyonnui scandals] ; Cincinnati, Ohio.
Type and paratypes in the writer's collection ; paratypr^ m the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia and in the U. S. National Museum.
16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
The moths appear in the first half of September. The larvae at first feed within the seeds and at the end of Novem- ber or the beginning of December spin the first case, which is yellowish white, straight and cylindrical, more or less thickly strewn with granules, especially near the mouth, with the apex at this time roughly two-valved. The larvae spin and feed actively when the temperature is well below the freezing point; in fact development takes place more rapidly out-of-doors than in a warm room. The case is gradually enlarged and thick- ened, becoming dark brownish gray except along a slight pro- jecting keel on the ventral side. The larvae feed during the winter becoming full grown early in March, the case is now almost black, stout cylindrical, 8-9 mm. long, three-valved at apex, with the plane of the mouth forming a very acute angle with the long axis.
The distinguishing characters of this species are the distinct undusted white lines and the dark streak and spot at the end of the cell. From C. ainaranthclla, which also possesses a sim- ilar dark spot, it is separated by the absence of dusting. The very different case separates it from the other Polygonutn- feeding species, C. sJialericlla, which is similarly marked with white streaks, but lacks the dark streak and spot.
Coleophora duplicis n. sp.
Face white mixed with pale ocherous ; palpi white above, pale ocherous inwardly, fuscous outwardly ; antennae white, with first seg- ment somewhat thickened with anteriorly projecting pale brownish scales; stalk either white or with distinct ocherous or fuscous annula- tions (the variation independent of sex).
Fore wings grayish ocherous, sometimes brownish: very rarely pale brownish ocherous ; broad white streaks follow the course of the veins in the costal half of the wing, with the spaces between them dusted with blackish scales and darkening toward margin, the white streak along upper margin of cell also somewhat dusted in its outer half and usually confluent with a short streak through the outer half of the cell ; all these white streaks in the costal half of the wing are often confluent with almost entire absence of dusting except toward apex. A broad white dusted streak follows the fold, with the ground color on either side of it not dusted; dorsal margin white. Cilia pale brownish ocherous with scales at their bases white. Hind wings and cilia pale fuscous. Legs white, fore and middle pair outwardly fuscous, posterior pair with a fuscous line on the outer side. Alar expanse: 11.5-14.5 mm.
XXxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17
T\f>e ( 9 ) and eleven paratypes reared from larvae mining seeds of Aster shortii, eleven reared from Aster cordifolins, twenty from Solidago cacsia and Solidago latifolia, many speci- mens captured on flowers of Aster in September, all at Cincin- nati, Ohio ; a series taken on golden rod flowers. Ilalsam. Xorth Carolina. August 15-25. Type and paratypes in writer's col- lection, paratypes in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the U. S. National Museum.
The larvae mine at first within the seeds, later (in October and early November) constructing buff silken cases, marked with darker longitudinal streaks and encircled with backwardly projecting pappus attached near the mouth ; occasionally entire dry disk flowers are attached to the case in the same manner; numerous small fragments of flowers are attached near apex. Case short cylindrical, bulging somewhat behind mouth, which forms an acute angle with the axis ; apex prominently three- valved, the angles sharp and at base projecting somewhat be- yond the general outline of the case.
The following observations on the method of attaching the pappus and constructing the case af'er the larva leaves Un- seed may be of interest. The pappus is cut off at equal dis- tances from the seed and passed forward between the logs. The pieces are fastened together around the body of the cater- pillar (i. e., attached by the larva working inside") by a few strands of silk. At first they project irregularly, some even pointing forward. When sufficient pieces have been put in position the case itself is spun within the loosely fastened- together pappus and the deflexecl mouth is added. At first the case merely converges toward the apex ; later the apex is made distinctly three-valved.
The largest specimens are those reared on Aster shortii. tin- smallest on Solidago caesia; apparently the difference in size is due directly to difference in food supply resultant upon tin- small size of the seeds of the latter plant.
In general, this species may be distinguished by the pale costal half of the wing in contract with the darker dorsal half. Pale brownish ocherous almost undusted specimens, which sometimes occur, are almost indistinguishable from C. gran-
18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
if era. This need not result in confusion of the two species, as C. granifera emerges almost three months earlier. The case of C. duplicis is almost identical with that of C. crlcoidcs on another species of Aster, but besides differences in color and markings C. crlcoidcs is much more slender and narrow- winged.
Coleophora biforis n. sp.
Head pale grayish ocherous ; palpi whitish, apical half of second segment blackish outwardly; lower edge of third black. Antennae with basal segment thickened with scales, stalk white, with conspicuous dark brown annulations.
Fore wings pale grayish ocherous, marked with whitish lines as fol- lows : A distinct white streak from base along costa for about one- half the wing length • a distinct rather broad white streak from base along upper margin of cell, forking at one-third, the upper fork a continuation of the broad white streak and running out to the middle of costa, the lower fork continuing through the middle of the cell as a very indistinct whitish line, which at the end of the cell bends up to reach costa near apex. Sometimes at the bend it sends a branch to termen. Between the ends of the forks, two short usually detached whitish lines run to costa (sometimes these are branches of an indis- tinct line along upper margin of cell) ; narrow whitish lines along fold and along dorsum. Usually the white streak along costa and the white streak along upper margin of cell to middle of costa are the only dis- tinct white streaks. Extreme base of costa blackish. Hind wings pale gray, cilia toward apex ocherous-tinged. Legs pale grayish ocherous. Alar expanse: 11.5-12.5 mm.
Type ( $ ) and five paratypes reared from larvae mining into seed pods of Lnziila catnpestris, Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and paratypes in the writer's collection.
The cases may be found attached to the seed pods in April and May ; the moths emerge the following spring at the time of blooming of the food plant. The completed case measures 8-8.5 mm. in length, slender cylindrical, tapering to the three- valved apex. The sides of the obtuse apical angles of the valves are very short; from the point of union of adjacent valves, a gradually lowering ridge runs about half-way down the case.
xxxii, '21 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19
Two Days with Indiana Odonata.
By E. B. WILLIAM sox. Bluff ton, Indiana.
The positive limnotropism shown June 13, 1920, was first evidenced June 6, when Professor ( )shurn. Dr. Kennedy and myself were attracted to the woodland swamp southeast of BlufYton, Indiana, which I have designated in previous papers as the Vanemon swamp. This swamp will he known, long after its decease, as the locality where the beautiful Acslina inntata was rediscovered. And in that day when the swamp will have become a cornfield will Acshna inntata also have disappeared from the earth? A certain melancholv attends mv everv visit
j * *
to this swamp. Twenty years have seen profound changes there, changes that speak too clearly of extinction. One can consider his individual dissolution with a certain equanimity, knowing that nothing of particular value to the race is involved therein. But here, before his eyes, is taking- place the extinc- tion of a habitat of numerous species, which will themselves inevitably suffer annihilation at the same time. Are these woodland swamps to pass without a historian to recount the doings of their myriad plant and animal inhabitants ? The fail- ure to record the comings and goings and the infinite activi- tic^ at these swamps will be held bv future generations as criminal folly on the part of the generation now living. Sea shores can wait. The woodland swamps are going and going fast, and their wonderful and interesting fauna and flora are going with them.
( >ur trip to the Vanemon swamp on June 6 was made espe- cially to obtain life history material of Epiacschna herns, in which Dr. Kennedy was interested. He was able in several instances to observe females of this species ovipositing and to obtain the eggs. \Yhile he was so engaged. I waded out to the little dwindling patch of spatterdock in the northwest part of the swamp where I found both Enallagma cyathigerum and calvcrti flying. It is interesting to note that these two species are absolutely indistinguishable on the wing, just as at the same >eason, at more open pools and at lakes. Enallagma chriinn and hafjoii cannot be specifically recognized in flight. Later in the season certain Sympetra present a similar but not quite
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
so difficult or impossible task for the collector. In collecting in the tropics this difficulty is more rarely encountered. Seven species of Argla all taken one day on one small stream were all easily specifically recognizable before being netted.
The appearance of Enallagmas at the Vanemon swamp this year is their second appearance there since 1900. The first appearance was in 1907, when on June 16 and 18, I took 77 males and 25 females of calvcrti and 3 males and 1 female of cyathigcruiii. (ENT. NEWS, July '08.) In 1907 a single male aspcrsimi was seen, and I think satisfactorily identified, but not captured. This year a single male of ebriitm' \VSLS taken at the swamp, associated with the other two Enallagmas, cyathigcritm and calvcrti.
Mr. Frank C. Waugh and I went to the swamp on June 13 to complete some observations and make comparisons with conditions noticed a week earlier. The following remarks on the Enallagmas are based on observations made during both trips, June 6 and June 13. On June 6, 13 males of calvcrti and only a single male of cyathigentin and a female of each were taken. On June 13 the proportion was different, 32 males of cok'crti and 10 males of cyathigcntm, and a single male of ebriuin being taken. The last is a new record for the swamp. The Enallagmas were more numerous on June 13 and were flying generally over the entire swamp. They were restless, seldom alighted, flew close to the water and were therefore not easily netted. They were possibly more abund- ant about the spatterdock leaves. There are at the present time possibly half a dozen clumps, too small to be called areas, of this plant in the swamp. On June 6 pairing and ovipositing were going on more actively than on June 13, which was a cooler and cloudier day. The pairs rested on the floating spat- terdock leaves and so far as observed oviposition was invari- ably in the upper surface of the leaf, no particular area of this surface being preferred. The female, in couple with the male, held her abdomen nearly vertical and gave a quick push to insert a single egg. A single egg to several eggs might be placed in a leaf, the pair generally moving restlessly from leaf to leaf. The spot of insertion of the egg is soon marked by a
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21
small light brown spot, which, under low magnification, shows many small perforations. The long curved egg is placed ver- tically in the plant tissue. The larva on hatching must find its way over the leaf surface to the water.
The apical black ring and the sub-apical dorsal black spot on the second abdominal segment of the male were separate in 20 males of cah'crti and 8 males of cvalliigcniin, very narrowly joined by a dorsal line in 13 males of caherti and 2 males of cyathigerum, more broadly joined in 9 males of calrcrti and 1 male of cyathigerum, and very broadly joined in 3 males of calrcrti.
"When we visited the swamp on June 6, Lestcs ford pat us was very numerous as tenerals in the low adjacent woodland and as adults, singly and with many pairs in couple, over the marsh. On June 13 Lestcs u neat its was the more abundant species, many pairs being seen. On both dates numbers of Iscliunra verticals were seen, Ana.v jitnius was ranging freely over the entire swamp, and on June 6 an occasional male of Epiaeschna hcros passed high overhead from the forest and back again into the forest, while a few females prowled the ill-defined shore line, occasionally alighting to oviposit. ( )n June 13 a single freshly emerged hut mature male Aeshna iniitata was flying in the vicinity of a spat'erdock clump, where it was captured. Platlicmis lydia and Lib ell nl a pulchclla were common on both dates and on June 13 I saw several males of the restless and wary Libcllula ribrans at the northeast part of the swamp, near the outlet, and succeeded in netting two of them. On the same date Pachydiplax lonyipennis and Er\- Ihcinis simplicicollis were generally common, the males of the la'ter species frequently displaying their unique performance by two individuals of flying about each other in intersec in- circles. Two males of Tramca Carolina were seen June (> and several males and a few pairs of laccrata were seen on (nne 13.
In 1(X)7, when the Enallagmas were discovered at the Yane- mon swamp, I visited the old gravel pits and other pools known to me in the count v, in an effort to locate other colonies of the species observed at the >\vaiiip and no such colonies were lo-
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
cated. The most likely place to look for such colonies are the Doster ponds, near Poneto, five or six miles southwest of the Vanemon swamp, in the direction of the prevailing winds. The Doster ponds are three artificial ponds lying near together in an east and west row, with a shallow canal, circling- to the south through woodland, joining the east and west ponds. A fourth smaller pond lies just south of the west pond. These ponds are of interest as furnishing the single male of Libellula c.vusta ever seen in the county and at the same time when it was taken, and never before or since, Lcitcorhinia frigida was taken at the west pond associated with the Libellula.
Leaving the Vanemon swamp, Mr. Waugh and I reached the Doster ponds about eleven o'clock, where we were unable to find either Enallagma calverti or cyathigerum. At the west pond, the shallowest one, we took Enallagma hagcni and ebrinm, and at the east pond tra-inahtm, c.vsulans and anten- natnm, neither of the two taken at the west pond being ob- served here. No Emallagmas were seen at the middle pond, but Trainca lacerata and Gomphus gmslinellus were seen at all three ponds. At the east pond a single male Epicorduha prin- ccps was patrolling the south side.
We returned home about 1.30 o'clock and after a hurried lunch I went to the ripple in the Wabash River, where last year on June 8, Gomphus crass us and f rat emits were flying in num- bers (ENT. NEWS, Dec., 1919). The afternoon was cloudy and windy, but in about an hour I caught 22 males of crassus and a single male of graslinellns. In 1919 about one-fifth of the Gomplii captured at the ripple were fratcrnns, but not one was seen this year, while graslineUiis, not seen in 1919, was represented by a single male in 1920. At the ripple where the Gomphi were taken the other dragontiies on the wing were Hctaerina amcricana. Arc/la moesla, EiiaHagina antcninitiiin and Ischnura vertically.
To refer again to the Vanemon swamp, a complete list of the dragonflies observed there during the past twenty years may be of interest. No calopterygine, gomphine or corcluliiu- has ever been seen at the swamp. The list follows :
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23
I.estes congener, eurinus, forcipatus, rccUinynlaris, uncatits, unguicu- iatits, Enallai/ma aspersitin, calrcrtl, cyutlihicnim, cbriinn, Nehalennia iren^Jschnurd posita, froi/initha. Tcrticnlis, Anomalagrion haxtatum.
.-\nct.\- jiinius. Acsliuti constncta innlata, Epiaeschna /i££3£.
Librllula pulchclla. qiiadriuiacitlata, scinifnsciata, i'ibrntts, Plalhcmis Ivdia, Erythcinis shnplicicollix. Sympctnttn mnbn/uitin, obtnisum, rubl- ciindnluiii, riciinon, I'acliydif>l(i.\- Inin/ipsiniis. l.cnchorhinia intiicta, Tramea Carolina and laccrata.
A total of 33 species, which may he taken as practically complete for woodland swamp dragonfly associations in north- ern Indiana. But this association is no fixed certain thing: it is a fluctuating association marked by comings and goings, by appearances and disappearances, by ebbs and flows. Libellula quadrinuiciilaia was there only one year; Enallagmas appeared in 1907, to disappear until 13 years later; certain species are present every year. There are many other species of animals at the swamp of which I know nothing. Formerly a Sparyan- iuin swamp, the Sparganiuni has entirely disappeared: a Scir- pns came in, spread for a few years, and has gone ; and so it goes. Will not someone appreciate the beauty and interest of this swamp before the swamp itself is gone forever?
A New Xylophanes from Cuba (Lepid., Sphingidae).
By DR. C. T. RAMSDEN, Guantanamo, Cuba.
Among Sphingids taken at light at (iuantanamo, Cuba, in 1917, appeared what seems to be a new Xylophones, which 1 take pleasure in naming for Mr. B. Preston C'lark, of Boston. Massachusetts, in recognition of his keen interest in this family.
Xylophanes clarki, n. sp.
Head and thorax Fronts brown, a pale ochraceous salmon-colored stripe from in front of, and passing over, eye to end of thorax. Palpi Buckthorn brown. Antennae Fronts brown. Body aboye Dresden brown, below antimony yellow, while the sides are yellow ochre.
l't>f>crsidc. Primaries: Dresden brown with seven Fronts brown postmedian tranverse lines which besjin near the middle of inner mar- gin and extend apically : the first of these is darkest in color, extends apically for 15 mm., then turns sharply to the costa where it terminates;
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
the third, fourth and fifth are bowed between the veins, giving a waved effect, forming sharp apices on the veins ; the sixth is broader and terminates at the apex; the seventh joins the sixth just before it reaches the apex. On the costal margin at one quarter of the distance from base to apex, a line 2 mm. in length extends obliquely towards the inner margin, then runs basally at right angles for 3 mm.; distally of this line and 1 mm. from it there runs another parallel to it; from these lines basally and limited by the first of the postmedian trans- verse lines and the inner margin is a pale ochraceous salmon-colored area.
Secondaries : Bister color at base, shading into Fronts brown to- wards distal margin. A rowr of eight yellow ochre spots, placed one between each two veins, extends from anal angle nearly reaching the costa.
Underside. Primaries: Basal half of wing Dresden brown. A warm buff patch reaching from inner margin to costa which is of the same color ; outside of this is a clay-colored patch which starts at anal angle, widening at center, then narrowing again as it reaches the apex. There is a reddish brown point on each vein in the warm buff patch.
Secondaries : Warm buff. A clay-colored stripe extends from near anal angle along inner margin, widening as it reaches the apex. A row of brown points extends from costa to near anal angle, one on each vein ; interior and parallel to these points are two reddish brown lines, the one nearer the base of wing being more pronounced.
Extent of one wing, 29 mm.
Type: One male, Guaiitanamo, Cuba, 20th June, 1917, in the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia.
The above species is close to X. fosteri R. & J., but differs from it, above, in having the stigma very obscure while in fosteri it is very prominent. The solid brown area between the two basal transverse lines of fosteri extending from the inner margin about 4 mm., and standing out in sharp contrast with the rest of the forewing, is entirely lacking in clarki. The row of eight yellow ochre spots of the secondaries of clarki is replaced by a continuous band in fosteri.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1921.
Another New Year's Resolution.
A year ago, on the editorial page of the NEWS for January. 1920. we puhlished eleven New Year's Resolutions for the Entomologist. \Ye shall not repeat them here, although they are quite as well worthy of remembrance and of practice in 1921 as in 1920, and we respectfully refer them to the atten- tion of collectors and writers. All of us, including the editor, forget, or neglect to do, things we ought to do. As the result of our neglect the other fellow often must devote some pre- cious time to making good our omissions, deficiencies and errors. Many a half hour, with its opportunity for original or constructive work, is lost because some correspondent need- lessly inflicts upon a busy man data which are illegible, un- certain, or incomplete. There is a paper, or a drawing for an illustration, which is unfinished in some detail and must be returned to the author for correction. There are questions raised which the inquirer could have answered for himself by a little more personal effort and investigation. As we grmv older, we appreciate more fully the fleetingness of time, the shortening of our working life. Let us add to the Xew YeaiVs resolutions of 1920 a twelfth for 1921, whose spirit is so general as to include the reason for all those eleven:
Don't bother the other fellow with the sort of things you don't like to be bothered about yourself.
25
26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Notes and Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
An Additional Distributional Record for Rhacognathus americanus
Stal. (Hemip.-Heterop.)
Concerning the then known distribution of this rather uncommon pentatomid, Uhler remarked (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, No. 5, 1876, 282) : "Inhabits Illinois, Nebraska and Canada." The species was described four years previously by Stal whose type came from Illinois. Since that time a record for Ohio has been published. Van Duzee (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXX, 1904, 68) mentions a specimen in his collection that was taken at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hart (Nat. Hist. Surv. Illinois, XIII, 1919, 202) mentions five examples secured in northern Illinois. To the best of my knowledge these constitute the only available definite records for the species and I take pleasure in adding another to the list.
On August 17, 1911, I collected a male on one of the grassy hills in the vicinity of Fergus Falls, Minnesota. This specimen is almost entirely black ; the only distinct light markings occur on the tibiae, sternal plates, anterior median longitudinal line of the pronotum and on the connexivum, where the marks are of a reddish tinge. The rugae between the black punctures are but very faintly yellowish. Length of this specimen which is now in my collection, 10.00 mm.
DAYTON STONF.R. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Further Notes on "A Rare Pamphlet" (Hym., Lep., Neur.)
In ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, xxxi, p. 176, June, 1920, Mr. Nathan Banks calls attention to a long-forgotten paper by Dr. A. S. Packard. This paper was to have appeared in volume two of the Transactions of the Chicago Academy in 1870, and was supposed to have been destroyed with the rest of the publication in the great fire until the copy at Cambridge was discovered. The fact that two species of moths were described therein as new, among numerous other insects, aroused our interest in the question raised by Mr. Banks as to its possibly valid publication, and it was with some relief that we read a note by Mr. Grote which accidentally came to our notice a short time later. This note was published in the Canadian Entomologist, xxiv, pp. 182-3, 1892, under the heading "Gastroparha alucensis." The specific name is ap- parently a typographical error for alascensis. At the beginning of this brief paper appears the following statement: "With regard to the omission of this species from 'Mr. Grote's lists,' I would state that I was informed that the entire edition of the Chicago Academy Trans- actions, in which the description appeared, was destroyed in the Great Fire, and that Dr. Packard in consequence regarded his paper as unpublished." This is, of course, not conclusive evidence, but it is so
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27
nearly contemporary that it seems well to accept the solution offered and regard the paper as unpublished. It would seem that if Dr. Pack- ard held this opinion he and the other authors must have- descril>ed their material elsewhere or made other disposition of it. The current nomenclature in the genera concerned might throw some light on the matter, hut the Lepidoptera described in the paper are so few that we can gather nothing from them. In the genera of the two species described as new we have but one Alaskan specimen each, and these can readily be placed under species named in 1841 and 1871 respectively. We expect to adopt this opinion in preparing our catalogue of Lepidoptera, but recognize the possibility suggested by Mr. Banks that the later discovery of additional copies may make it necessary to regard the paper as published.
WM. BARNES, M.D., and A. W. LIXDSEV, PH.D.,
Decatur, Illinois.
Chalybion Dahlbom not a Synonym of Sceliphron Klug. (Hym.)
In a recent paper Ilutson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 45, 1919, p. 218) tabulates the blue mud-daubers of North America and places them in the genus Sceliphron Klug, giving Chulybion Dahlbom as a synonym. For the black and yellow mud-daubers he would use the name Pelopucns Latreille. This change in the generic names for these groups is most unfortunate because it is not only unnecessary but con- trary to the Rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Hutson defends his usage by reference to recommen- dations k and H of the International Commission, but entirely over- looks the designation of genotypes made by previous students. In 1810 Latreille designated as type of Pelopaeus the species spirifc.v and in 1SU7 Bingham chose the same species as type of Scclif>hr<»i. The species spirife.v was included in the original account of both of the genera and the type designations must be considered as valid. c\en though Bingham did not follow certain recommendations (he violated no rules] of the International Code. Sceliphron Klug and /V/o/u/n/.v Latreille are isogt-mitypic and since Sceliphron has priority I.atreille's name must fall as a synonym. The black and yellow mud-daubers are therefore' Sceliphron and the blue mud-daubers Chalybion. The synonymy is, briefly, as follows : Sceliphron Klug (1801) — Type. Sf>hc.r spirifc.r Linnaeus ( llinvhain
1897).
I'dopucits Latreille (1802) — Type. Splu'.r .v/vY/'/V.r Linnaeus (Lat- reille 1810).
I'elopacits Patton, Hutson and others.
Chalybion Dahlbom (1843) — Type. Sphc.r cytinenin Linnaeus (Pat- tun 188(1).
Sceliphron Hutson.
S. A. Rim \\ IK. I . S. National Must-urn. \Ya>hiiH't,.n. 1 >. C.
28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Kritomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above heart it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining' to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring: north of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record. Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
1 — Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia. 2 — Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 9— The Entomologist, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Clare- mont, Cal. 17 — Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 39 — The Florida En- tomologist, Gainesville. 42 — Entomoligiske Meddelelser udgivne of Entomologisk Forening, Kjobenhavn. 49 — Entomologische Mit- teilungen Berlin-Dahlem. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington. 62— Bulletin of the American Mu- seum of Natural History, New York. 68 — Science, Lancaster, Pa. 76 — Nature, London. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 104 — Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 108— Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. Ill — Archiv fur Nattir- geschichte, Berlin. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M.
• GENERAL. Allard, H. A.— The flight of fireflies and the flash- ing impulse. 68, Hi, 539-40. Casey, T. L. — Remarks on family names. 68, lii, 491-2. Hertwig, P. — Abweichende form der parthenogenese bei einer mutation von Rhabditis pellio. (Arch. Mikrosk. Anat., xciv, 303-37.) Hopping, R. — Some winter insect life. 4, lii, 217-18. Hud- son, G. V. — On some examples of New Zealand insects illustrating the Darwinian principle of sexual selection. (Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., lii, 431-8.) Krausse u. Wolff— Eine uebersicht uber die bisher aufgestellten fossilen und rezenten insektenenordnungen. Ill, 1919, A, 3, 150-71. Nielsen, J. C.— Obituary by J. P. Kryger. 42, xiii, 1-11. Schuster, W. — Entomologische anzeichen einer wie- derkehrenden tertiarzeitahnlichen tierlebensperiode? 116, xxxiv, 62-3 cont.
ARACHNIDA &c. Campbell, A. S.— Central nervous system of a centipede. 13, xii, 69-70. Case, S. — General reactions of a centi- pede. 13, xii, 79-81. Deeley, R. M.— Mating dances of spiders. 76, cvi, 345. Deichmann, E. — Note sur un cas do hermaphroditisme lat- eral chez une araignee. 42, xiii, 181-2.
xxxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29
NEUROPTERA. Calvert, P. P.— The Costa Rican species of Epigomphus and their mutual mating adaptations. 2, xlvi, 323-54. Tucci, C. — Sulla differenziazione delle caste nello societa dei termi- ticli i neotenici. (Atti R. Ac. Xaz. Lir.cei, cccxvii, 93-8.)
ORTHOPTERA. Brindley, H. H— Further notes on the food plants of the common earwig. (Forficula auricularia.) (Proc., Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 50-55.) Rehn, J. A. G. — Records and de- scriptions of Brazilian O. 1, 1920, 214-93.
HEMIPTERA. Allard, H. A. — Some observations concerning the periodical cicada. 90, liv, 545-51. Distant, W. L. — Description of a new genus and species of Cicadidae from Cuba. 11, vi, 455-fi. Haviland, M, D. — Preliminary note on antennal variation in an aphis (Myzus ribis.) (Proc., Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 35-41.)
LEPIDOPTERA. Bodley, H. S. J.— Butterfly delicacies. 17, iv, 84. Frazier, W. E. — Collecting butterflies at night. 17, iv, 83-4. Frohawk, F. W. — Duration of stages of Pyrameis atlanta. 9, liii. 252-4. McMurray, N. — Some collecting notes. 17, iv, 82-3. Onslow, H. — Inheritance of wing color in L. Melanism in Boarmia abieta- ria. 108, x, 135-40. Thompson, E. C. — Climatic variations in E. im- perialis. 17, iv, 83.
Busck, A. — A new Gracilaria injurious to avocado. 4, Hi, 239. Watson & Comstock — Notes on American L. with descriptions of new varieties. 62, xlii, 447-57. Wright, W. S. — Report of the L. of the American museum expedition to Arizona. 62, xlii, 483-90.
DIPTERA. Keilin et Picado. — Biologic et morphologie larvaires d'Anastrcpha striata, mouche des fruits de 1'Amerique centrale. i Bui. Scient., France et Belgique, xlviii, 423-41.)
Alexander, C. P.— New Nearctic crane-flies. Pt. X. 4, Hi, 224-9.
COLEOPTERA. Blunck, H.— Die cntwicklung des Dytiscus marginalis vom ei bis zur imago. Part 2. 104, cxvii, 1-129. Kolbe, H. — Die Paussiden Sudamerikas. 49, ix, 145-5(5. Minck, P. — Docu- menta historiae Scarabaei nasicornis scarabaeorumsque veterum. Ill, 1919. A. 4. 88-114. Moznette, G. F.— Luminous beetles of Flor- ida. 39, iv. 17-ls. Obenberger, J. — Ueber neue Buprestidengattung. 49, ix, 157-72. Weiss & West. — Notes on Galerucella nymphaeae, the pond-lily leaf-beetle. 4, Hi, 237-9.
Carr, F. S.— Albcrtan Coleoptera. 4, lii, 21S-20. Frost, C. A.— Notes on the C. with descriptions of n. sns. 4, lii, 229-32.
HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Some Neotropical Meli- pnnid bees. 62, xlii, 459-68. Emery, E. — La distribuzionc geogra- phica attuale delle formiche. (Mem. d. R. Acad. Lincei, xiii, 357-
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
450.) Wolff, M.— Bermerkungen uber die p Porizoninen-gattungen Isurgtis und Tersilochus. Ill, 1919. A, 3, 139-56.
Cushman, R. A. — North American ichneumon-flics, new and de- scribed, with taxonomic and nomenclatorial notes. 50, Iviii, 251-92. MacGillivray, A. D.— New saw-flics from Maine and New York. 4, lii, 233-6.
A NEW STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC VALUE OK DRAGONFLIES.
Under the heading "Dragonflies and Damselflies in relation to pond fish culture, with a list of those found near Fairport, Iowa," Professor C. B. Wilson has published in the Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries (Vol. 36, pp. 185-264) an interesting and valuable contri- bution to knowledge of the biology of this group of insects. His paper deals with the fundamentals of animal economy — food, enemies and conditions for reproduction. His material was obtained in and about the ponds of the Fisheries Biological Station at Fairport, a description of which is first given. Then the relative abundance of the dragonflies found there in the summer, as definitely determined hy counts of cast nymphal skins left at emergence, is given. These counts show the skimmer, Libcllula htctnosa to be by far the most numerous, with Erythemis simpUcicoHis second. Then the food of 250 nymphs determined by examination of the contents of the alimentary canal, is given. These records corroborate and extend the observations of Miss Mary B. Lyon at Ithaca (Entomological News 26: 1-15, 1019) and of Alfred Warren in Hawaii (Coll. of Hawaii Hull. No. 3, 1915), and show that while there are differences in diet according to species and size of individuals, the staple foods in these ponds are small snails of the genera Physa and Planorbis, mayfly nymphs and crustaceans. All the forms studied eat also dragonfly nymphs smaller than themselves. and some are cannibals, eating the young of their own species. Two later sections of the paper discuss Odonata as food for fishes, sum- marize the results of past studies on wild fishes and add some new data.
There are numerous figures that are, on the whole, well executed : but the cleft middle lobe, shown in the labium of B. simplicicolUs in figure 13, is surely an artifact or an error. The occipital tubercules shown so prominently in the new hatched nymph of Epicorditlia princeps. usually present, though small, on newly hatched nymphs of Libelluline dragonflies, are not shown on any of the half do/en figures representing new hatched nymphs of that subfamily.*
Under "experiments in hatching eggs," half a dozen spec it- of
*If the grave error charged against Needham & Lloyd of publish ing (on page 389 of their Life of Inland li\ttcrx') a photograph with- out stating whether the photograph was taken under natural or under artificial conditions, may be helped thereby, the reviewer will here state that the two were photographed as found in nature, and the nymph was not starved into eating the fish
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31
dragonflies and two of damselflies arc treated, and figures and descrip- tions arc given of the egg, the newly hatched nymph and of its detached labiuin ; data on incubation and behavior accompany some of the de- scriptions. The paper concludes with an annotated list of the 64 species known to occur near the Biological Laboratory.
The bibliography is less extensive in scope than the paper itself. There is a brief account of the masticatory structures of the nymphal gizzard, but with no mention of the extensive work of Ris and others upon these structures. There is an extended account of mouth parts, both nymphal and adult, but without mention of Miss Butler's com- prehensive work upon these and their development.
Since the argument in favor of dragonflies as of value in pond culture is based mainly on food relations, it is regrettable that one serious error mars both the statement of facts and the argument. This is the oft repeated and almost traditional error of including water boatmen among the enemies of fishes. Hungerford's studies published in Volume 25 of the Journal of the Ne^v York Entomological Society (1917), showed clearly that corixids are not predatory at all, but feed on algae and disintegrating plant residue.
This report is more a report of investigation and less an essay than was the Larnborn volume of 1890; but one may admit all the facts it presents without being able to concede that anima's like Odonata, almost wholly carnivorous, and in part cannibals, are likely to prove a better source o)' animal food for fishes than are such herbivores as scuds, mayflies and midges, whose great function in life is that of turning grass into flesh. The question as to what forms may best be increased artificially for providing fishes with suitable animal food, will doubtless be settled eventually by actual production of some of them, and not by argument. If this work of Professor Wilson's paves the way for some sustained intensive rearing operations on particular species under controlled conditions at the Fairport Laboratory or else- where, we may eventually have some knowledge of their real economic value. — J. G. NEEDHAM.
Doings of Societies.
The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of June 9th. 1919, in the hall of The Academy of Natural Sciences, fourteen persons present, Pres. Dr. Henry Skinner presiding. Dr. Calvert moved the Society endorse the movement for the exclusive use of the metric system. Seconded and carried.
Lepidoptera. — Mr. Coxey exhibited a specimen of I'apitio zceiskci C. Ribbe, from the Aroa River, New Guinea, collected at an elevation of 8000 feet. This was described in Inscctcn Rorsc. xviii, 1900. The allied species from the A. N. S. Collection were also shown.
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Diptera. — Mr. George M. Greene exhibited a specimen of Spheco- inyia rittaia Wied. which he collected along the Wissahickon Creek at Chestnut Mill, Pennsylvania, v. 19, 1919; stated he had also taken it at Falls Church, Virginia, iv. 17, 1917, and that there are four New Jersey records (Ins. New Jersey, III, p. Ill, 1'MO).
Orthoptera. — Mr. Rehn remarked on the distribution of the genus . Jii'-onu!. mentioning a new species from Texas.
Odonata. — Dr. Calvert referred to Dr.. C. T. Ramsden's account of the life of Juan Gundlach in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1915, including a list of his papers, among which is one on Cuban Neuroptera. The speaker summarized the results of his own study of this paper, as published in the Transactions of the Society, volume xiv, and exhibited specimens of the true Enalhnjina poUjitnni Hagen and its northern representative, E. I'csperuin. in connection therewith.
GEO. M. GREENE, Rccordin<j Secretary.
Meeting of October 23rd, 1919, in the same hall, eleven members present. Dr. Skinner presiding.
Lepidoptera. — Dr. Skinner exhibited a box of the recent additions to the collection, also a box containing the specimens figured in the colored plate in Dr. Calvert's "A Year of Costa Rican Natural His- tory," which have been deposited in the collection.
Mr. Laurent stated that from cocoons of Philosamia cynlhla gath- ered on September Sth, three moths emerged on September 29th and 30th, due no doubt to the warm weather prevailing the last half of the month. The speaker said that under ordinary conditions these moths would not have emerged until next year, as the species is single brooded in this vicinity.
Orthoptera. — A series of the handsome grasshopper Schistocerca nieldi'ocera (Stal) was shown by Mr. Hebard. The species is known only from the Galapagos Islands. Differences in coloration were pointed out and genetic factors and local environmental influences were said to be the causes of these. That other species divide into very interesting insular races on different islands of the Galapagos Archipelago was remarked.
Hymenoptera. — Mr. Rehn made a few remarks 011 the similarity of the white-haired Mutillids of the Southwestern United States to the seed pods of the creosote bush (Co-rill ca tridentata).
Diptera. — Mr. Hornig made some comments on local mosquitoes, also showing his series of habitat pictures, larvae, pupae, drawings of same and adults of a number of the species.
J. A. G. REHN, Secretary pro tent.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1920, was mailed at the Office at Lancaster, Pa., on December 23, 1020.
COLEOPTERA
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Fred C. Bowditch, 164 Rawson Road, Brookline 46, Mass.
Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.
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In Stock
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adonis 56.00
Ornithoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00
Urania ripheus, $90. per 100; Lycaena exelis, $6.00 ; European Lye., $5.00; and beautiful African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable for Jew- elry. Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter- flies cow in stock. Prices Net. American Currency. Terms Cash or C. O. D.
G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada
THE COCCIDAE
Tables for the Identification of the Subfamilies and some of
the more important Genera and Species together with
Discussions of Their Anatomy and Life-History
BY
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Professor of Systematic Entomology in the University of Illinois
Published by
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FEBRUARY, 1921
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXII No. 2
THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON
1807-1865
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXII.
Plate I.
WILLIAM HAMPTON PATTON.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBS m
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXII FEBRUARY, 1921 No. 2
CONTENTS
Britton and Howard — William Hamp- Museum at \Vitley, Surrey, Eng-
ton Patton 33 land — Lepid 56
Malloch — Notes on Some of van der Heinrich — New Synonymy in a recent
\Vulp's Species of North American Paper on the European Corn-Borer.
Anthomyiidae (Diptera) 40 Lepid 57
Weiss — A Bibliography on Fungous Entomological Literature 58
Insects and their Hosts 45 Notice of Leng's Catalogue of the
Newcomb — Change of Address 47 Coleoptera of America, North of
MacGillivray — New Species of Cladii- Mexico 62
nae— Hvmenoptera 48 Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc.
Drurv — Demand the Metric System... . 50 (Orth., Hemip.. Lep. > 62
Hutchison — Entomology and the Pro- Obituary — James S. Johnson. 63
fessional Ideal 5' William West 64
Editorial — Entomology at the Convo- F. C. Adams 64
cation Week Meetings of 1920-21... Frank Miiburn Hewlett 64
Talbot— Recent Additions to the Hill Alfred Edmund Hudd 64
William Hampton Patton.
By W. E. BRITTOX and L. O. HOWARD.
(Portrait, Plate I)
\Yilliam Hampton Patton was born in \Yaterbury. Connecti- cut. March 10. 1853. and died in Hartford, Connecticut. De- cember 26. 1918. He was the son of William Patton. and he prepared for college at \Yilliston Seminary, Easthampton, Massachusetts. He entered the academic department of Yale University in 1872 and, receiving a colloquy appointment in his senior year, graduated in the class of 1876 with the degree of B. A. Even before graduating. Mr. Patton was interested in the natural sciences, especially zoology and botany. After graduating he took two years of work in zoology at Yale, and during a part of this time served as assistant to Professor A. E. Yerrill. This was followed by two years of independent study at his home in \Yaterbury.
During the summer of 1879. and from June 1880 to April 1881. he was a special agent of the United States Entomologi- cal Commission, at "Washington, D. C. of which Dr. C. Y. Riley was chairman. Dr. Riley was Government Entomolo- gist from June 1878 until March 1879. when he resigned, and
33
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Professor J. H. Comstock was appointed to the position and held office until March 1881. Riley returned soon afterward. During the time of Comstock's incumhency, Riley conducted the office of the U. S. Entomological Commission in his own house in Washington, and had for his assistants Messrs. E. A. Schwarz, W. H. Patton, H. G. Hubbard and W. S. Barnard. Mr. Schwarz states that all of these men were together at Selma, Alabama, in 1881. It is said that Dr. Riley met Patton at a meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science and had been attracted to his published papers in the Canadian Entomologist. Patton specialized in the Hymenoptera and was more or less interested in the Proctotry- pidae at the time when Dr. Howard began his work on the Chalcididae, and they had occasional conferences over para- sitic Hymenoptera. Patton was a scholarly man, well educated and with an excellent knowledge of the literature ; his. work was careful and sound and is so regarded by Hymenopterists to this day. He had an excellent personal appearance, but was rather shy and retiring, somewhat typical of the young professor in a large university. Few became intimate with him, but all recognized his broad general knowledge, his keen- ness, and especially his extensive acquaintance with the litera- ture of all groups of insects. He took nothing for granted and was loath to believe personal and even recorded statements until he had investigated them for himself.
While Patton was in Washington his father became very ill, and he left Washington and nursed him through his final illness. He was indefatigable in his care of the patient and. losing sleep and rest, had a nervous breakdown after his father's" death. From that time on he acted strangely and was finally placed in a private asylum in New Haven. He escaped from the asylum and reappeared in Washington in 1882, in worn clothes and in poor physical condition, and Dr. Riley promptly gave him a job in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He worked only a few days, when news came to the office from his boarding house keeper that he was acting strangely, and Dr. Riley and Dr. Howard at once visited him and finding him absolutely insane, arranged with the police authorities to take him back to the asylum in New Haven.
xxxii,'21] E.\TOMOI,O<;!<:AL NEWS
Patton was not continuously insane, but had long lucid periods extending over many months, during which he accom- plished considerable entomological work, and some of his manuscripts were sent to the Bureau of Entomology to be placed, for publication.
From 1882 to 1885 Patton resided in New York City, Utica and Rochester, New York, and West Randolph, Vermont, but returned to Connecticut suffering from ill health due to too close application to work. At first he was in a retreat in New Haven, and Dr. Howard called upon him in 1894, and found him perfectly lucid, and had an interesting talk about entomological matters. For a number of years before his death he was an inmate of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane at 400 Washington Street, Hartford.
Soon after the office of State Entomologist was established in Connecticut, in 1901, Patton wrote a few letters to the office, calling attention to certain entomological points that needed investigating. His letters were perfectly lucid. He once asked to be appointed as inspector, and again asked for the loan of fifty dollars to enable him to bring certain essential entomological discoveries before the public. Not knowing that he was insane and confined in a retreat, the State Entomolo- gist promised to be in Hartford on an early named date and asked Patton to meet him at a certain hour and place and talk about it. Of course Patton was not there, and not long after- ward Professor Yerrill gave the information regarding Pat- ton's insanity. He was unmarried, and apparently his in- sanity was inherited. His sister became insane and drowned
J
herself in 1897 or 1898. Patton's death resulted from valvular disease of the heart and arteriosclerosis.
Patton was a member of both the American and British Associations for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, a charter member of the Biological Society of Washington. D. C, a member of the Entomological Society of Ontario, and of the Connecticut Academy of Science.
It is interesting to note that Patton was once a pupil of H. F. Bassett, also a Hymenopterist, of Wat.erbury. Coniuvti-
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21
Professor T- H. Comstock was appointed to the position and held office until March 1881. Riley returned soon afterward. During the time of Comstock's incumbency, Riley conducted the office of the U. S. Entomological Commission in his own house in Washington, and had for his assistants Messrs. E. A. Schwarz. W. H. Patton, H. G. Hubbard and W. S. Barnard. Mr. Schwarz states that all of these men were together at Selma. Alabama, in 1881. It is said that Dr. Riley met Patton at a meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science and had been attracted to his published papers in the Canadian Entomologist. Patton specialized in the Hymenoptera and was more or less interested in the Proctotry- pidae at the time when Dr. Howard began his work on the Chalcididae, and they had occasional conferences over para- sitic Hymenoptera. Patton was a scholarly man, well educated and with an excellent knowledge of the literature ; his. work was careful and sound and is so regarded by Hymenopterists to this day. He had an excellent personal appearance, but was rather shy and retiring, somewhat typical of the young professor in a large university. Few became intimate with him. but all recognized his broad general knowledge, his keen- ness, and especially his extensive acquaintance with the litera- ture of all groups of insects. He took nothing for granted and was loath to believe personal and even recorded statements until he had investigated them for himself.
"While Patton was in Washington his father became very ill. and he left Washington and nursed him through his final illness. He was indefatigable in his care of the patient and, losing sleep and rest, had a nervous breakdown after his father's" death. From that time on he acted strangely and was finally placed in a private asylum in Xew Haven. He escaped from the asylum and reappeared in Washington in 1882. in worn clothes and in poor physical condition, and Dr. Riley promptly gave him a job in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He worked only a few days, when news came to the office from his boarding house keeper that he was acting strangely, and Dr. Riley and Dr. Howard at once visited him and finding him absolutely insane, arranged with the police authorities to take him back to the asylum in Xew Haven.
XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 35
Patton was not continuously insane, but had long lucid periods extending over many months, during which he accom- plished considerable entomological work, and some of his manuscripts were sent to the Bureau of Entomology to be placed, for publication.
From 1882 to 1885 Patton resided in New York City, Utica and Rochester, New York, and West Randolph, Vermont, but returned to Connecticut suffering from ill health due to too close application to work. At first he was in a retreat in New Haven, and Dr. Howard called upon him in 1894, and found him perfectly lucid, and had an interesting talk about entomological matters. For a number of years before his death he was an inmate of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane at 400 Washington Street, Hartford.
Soon after the office of State Entomologist was established in Connecticut, in 1901, Patton wrote a few letters to the office, calling attention to certain entomological points that needed investigating. His letters were perfectly lucid. He once asked to be appointed as inspector, and again asked for the loan of fifty dollars to enable him to bring certain essential entomological discoveries before the public. Not knowing that he was insane and confined in a retreat, the State Entomolo- gist promised to be in Hartford on an early named date and asked Patton to meet him at a certain hour and place and talk about it. Of course Patton was not there, and not long after- ward Professor Yerrill gave the information regarding Pat- ton's insanity. He was unmarried, and apparently his in- sanity was inherited. His sister became insane and drowned herself in 1897 or 1898. Patton's death resulted from valvular disease of the heart and arteriosclerosis.
Patton was a member of both the American and British Associations for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, a charter member of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C.. a member of the Entomological Society of Ontario, and of the Connecticut Academy of Science.
It is interesting to note that Patton was once a pupil of H. F. Bassett. also a Hymenopterist, of Wat.erlmrv, Connecti-
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xx\ii,'21
of Natural History. Proc. v. 20, p. 142-144 [1879]. (Published
1881.) Some characters useful in the study of the Sphecidae. Boston
Society of Natural History. Proc., v. 20, p. 378-385 [1880].
(Published 1881.) 1881 List of North American Larridae. Boston Society of Natural
History. Proc., v. 20, p. 385-397 [1880]. (Published 1881.) Note on the Philanthinae. Boston Society of Natural History.
Proc., v. 20, p. 397-405 [1880]. (Published 1881.) 1884 Some notes on the classification and synonymy of fig-insects.
Entomological Society of London. Proceedings 1884, p. xiv-
xvii. Sound producing organs in Anofnala, Anthonomus and other
Coleoptera. Psyche, v. 4, p. 146, March, 1884.
1890 Notes upon Ephestia interpunctella (Hiibn) Zeller. U. S. Dept.
Agr. Div. Ent. Insect Life, v. 3, no. 4, p. 158-159, Nov., 1890.
1891 Scent glands in the larva of Limaccdes. Canad. Ent. v. 23, p.
42-43, Feb., 1891. Aphidivorous habits of Feniseca tarquinius (Fabr.) Grote. Canad.
Ent, v. 23, p. 66-67, March, 1891. Homohadena infixa. Entom. News, v. 2, p. 206, Dec., 1891.
1892 Habits of Prcnolepis imparts (Say) the winter ant. American
Naturalist, v. 26, p. 871-872, Oct., 1892. Description of the female of Aphenogaster fulva. American
Naturalist, v. 26, p. 872, Oct., 1892. Hexaplasta zigzag (Riley). Entom. News, v. 3, p. 61, March,
1892.
Anthophora ivalshii. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 61, March, 1892. Notes upon Larridae. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 89-90, April, 1892. Prevention of the peach yellows and rosette as caused by the
yellows mite. Entom. News, v. 3, no. 4, p. 97, April, 1892.
[Bryobia pratensis.]
Cynips Q-globulus Fitch. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 104, April, 1892. Bombus fcrvidus Fabr. Entom. News, v. 3, p. 181, Sept., 1892. Synonymy of butterfly parasites. Psyche, v. 6, p. 261, April,
1892.
1893 A new arrangement of the Coleoptera. Canad. Ent., v. 25, p.
9-10, Jan., 1893. The preservation of the larval food by digger wasps. Entom.
News, v. 4, p. 202-203, June, 1893. Eastward range of Pacific Coast species. Entom. News, v. 4,
p. 302, Nov., 1893.
1894 Habits of the leaping ant of Southern Georgia. American Natura-
list, v. 28, p. 618-619, July, 1894.
Notes on the winter ant. American Naturalist, v. 28, p. 619, July, 1894.
XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
1894 Description of a new Pelecmus from Tennessee. American
Naturalist, v. 28, p. 895-896, Oct., 1894.
Zcthus aztecus in Florida. Canad. Ent., v. 26, p. 140, May, 1894. Folded wings in Foenus. Canad. Ent., v. 26, p. 146, May, 1894. Identity of Pczomachus and Hcmiteles. Entom. News, v. 5, p.
118-119, April, 1894. Northward range of southern species. Entom. News, v. 5, p.
224, Sept., 1894.
Notes upon To.roneiiron. Psyche, v. 7, p. 178-179, Dec., 1894. Notes upon wasps I. Entomological Society of Washington.
Proc,, v. 3, p. 45-47, March 8, 1894.
1895 Relationship of the fauna of Puget Sound to that of Mexico
and Canada. Canad. EnL, v. 27, p. 280, Oct., 1895. Systematic value of the larva of Spermophagus. Canad. Ent., v. 27, p. 290, Oct., 1895.
1896 Rank in the Heteroptera. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 202, Sept., 1896. Parapompllus. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 248, Oct., 18%.
1897 Monodontomcrus in Appalachia. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 59. March,
1897. A principle to observe in naming galls : two new gall-making
Diptera. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 247-248, Oct., 1897. Thvrcopus adi-cnits (Sm.) Pack. Canad. Ent., v. 29, p. 248, Oct.,
1897.
Clypeadon. Entom. News, v. 7, p. 13, Jan., 1897. Acorn insects. Entorru News, v. 7, p. 76-77, pi. 5, April, 1897. The number of prolegs in insect larvae. Entom. News, v. 7,
p. 122-123, June, 1897. 1909 A synonymical definition of Nysson and .V. aurinotus. Ohio
Naturalist, v. 9, p. 442-445, 1909.
APPENDIX.
Jn response to our request, Mr. S. A. Rohwer, of tin- Bureau of Entomology and the National Museum, has sent us the following statement concerning Patton's taxonomic work :
So far as I have been able to ascertain from an examination of Fatton's papers (and I have seen all but two), he described forty species of Hymenoptera. They may be arranged in super- families as follows :
Sphecoidea 16 spp.
Formicoidea 2 spp.
Chrysididae 4 spp.
Cerphoidea 2 spp.
Mutilloidea ,. . 6 spp.
Apoidea 10 spp.
Total 40 spp.
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Practically all of these species are now recognized by students of Hymenoptera and while most of them are repre- sented in the National Collection, yet so far as I have been able to determine there are no specimens which can be con- sidered as type material. Patton's descriptions, on the whole, are very satisfactory and we have less trouble understanding his species than we do those of some of the other students who worked at about the same time. In his revisionary work, Patton described thirteen genera ; eight of these belong to the superfamily Sphecoidea and five to the superfamily Apoidea. Among the bee genera are such common and well recognized ones as Bombomelecta, Diadasia, Emphor and Entechnia. Among the wasp genera the ones which are recognized all over the world are Isodontia, Aphilanthops, Larropsis and Microbembex. The other four wasp genera have been recog- nized by some students, while certain other students consider that they are founded upon too trivial characters to be treated as genera.
In looking over Patton's papers I have been struck with the fact that while practically all of his systematic work was done on Hymenoptera, most of his biological observations were made on lepidopterous insects.
Notes on Some of van der Wulp's Species of North American Anthomyiidae (Diptera).
By J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, Illinois.
In working up the Anthomyiidae of North America I have found some difficulty in placing most of the described forms in their proper genera and this has been especially true of the species described by van der Wulp. At my request Mr. F. W. Edwards obtained for me specimens of twenty-four of the species from the original series in the British Museum as an exchange. These specimens have been used as a basis fof the following notes and have been incorporated in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. They are un- doubtedly paratypes of the species listed.
XXxii.'21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41
Clinopera hieroglyphica.
This species is the genotype of Cliiioi^cra. The male 1 have before me has characters that appear to justify the separation of Clinopcra from Cyrtoneurinci, the genotype of which is nbcr G.-T. The distinguishing characters may be summarized as follows :
Clinopera Cyrtoneurina
First wing-vein setulose only First wing-vein setulose only
basad of humeral vein; third distad of humeral vein; third setulose at base. setulose to or almost to inner
cross-vein.
Muscina tripunctata.
This species is the same as Neonutscina cavicola Townsend. I have a male and female from Townsend's material sent me by Dr. Aldrich ; the male agrees in all particulars with a male- from van der Wulp's series from northern Yucatan.
The genus is. valid and the species must therefore appear in our list as Neouuiscina tripunctata (v. d. Wulp).
Charadrella macrosoma.
A male and female from northern Yucatan. The only species of the genus.
Spilogaster rubripalpis.
A female of this species from Cuernavaca proves that Ariciella flavicornis Malloch is a synonym. The species win1 stand in our list as Aricclla rubripalpis ( v. d. Wulp) Malloch.
Mydaea obscura.
A male of this species from northern Yucatan has the pteropleura and the declivitous portion of lateral margin of thorax in front of scutellum with hairs in center, prosternum bare, lower margin of metathoracic spiracle with some .black hairs, third wing-vein bare at base, hind tibial calcar absent, third vein slightly flexed forward at apex, scutellum with some hairs low down on sides at base, anterior intra-alar bristle absent.
I erect for the reception of this species the new genus XKO- •~\\ SCA, with the combination of characters above mentioned.
1 have in my possession a male from Ksprran/a Ra'u-li. Brownsville, Tex.. July 25.
Phorbia fuscisquama.
A male from Omilteme, Guerrero, is an aberrant species referable to Phaonia as at present limited.
42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | XXxii. "21
Mydaea concinna.
A female from Xucumanatlan, Guerrero. This species has a pair of strong cruciate interfrontal bristles, the lower supraorbital directed forward, prealar long, anterior intra-alar present, prosternum and pteropleura hairy, metathoracic spiracle with some black hairs along posterior margin, hypopleura bare, basal abdominal sternite hairy, first and third wing-veins with setulae on greater part of their lengths above, first bare below, third setulose at base below, hind tibial calcar present, third vein not curved forward at apex.
This species differs from Ariciclla Malloch in the setulose wing-veins, bare lateral area proximad of base of scutellum, presence of hind tibial calcar and prealar, as well as in several other characters.
I propose for the reception of the species the new genus SMITHOMYIA, with the combination of characters above men- tioned.
Mydaea pansa G. T.
A female specimen identified by van der Wulp as pansa is a true Mydaea, separable from any known to me by its testa- ceous yellow color.
Pogonomyia aterrima.
A true Pogonomyia closely allied to minor Malloch. I have one female before me from Ciudad, Mexico. This specimen is slightly larger than paratypes of minor, has the fore tibia with one strong and one very weak posteroventral bristle, the fore tarsi more slender, the hind tibia with three anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristles and the wings darker than in minor.
Limnophora socia.
One female from Omilteme, Guerrero. This species closely resembles Hclina obscurinervis (Stein") and H. poeciloptera Malloch, having the same thoracic and hind tibial bristling, but the palpi, second antennal segment and base of third are yellow, and the apex of first vein and base of third are dark- ened. The arista is pubescent.
Belongs to Hclina R.-D.
Spilogaster signatipennis.
A male from Guerrero. Belongs to the same group as the preceding species, but the hind femur has long fine bristles on the entire length of the anteroventral surface and shorter
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 43
hairlikc bristles on posteroventral. Prealar minute. Arista short-haired.
A female from Omilteme .has the hind femur with two cr three bristles near base and four or five on apical third on anteroventral surface and the posteroventral surface bare.
Bo'.h sexes have the palpi black and the antennae almost so.
Spilogaster parvula.
A female from Tepetlapa, Guerrero. This species has the cross- veins less distinctly infuscated than in the other species of 'the obscurinervis group and the hind tibia with three anterodorsal and one posterodorsal bristle. The palpi at apices and all of third antennal segment are infuscated and the arista long haired. Thoracic bristles as in the preceding species.
Belongs to Helina R.-D.
Spilogaster copiosa.
A male and female from Omilteme, Guerrero. Postsutural dorso- centrals three, prealar minute or absent, arista short haired. Fore tibia with one to three posteroventral bristles, hind tibia with three anterodorsal bristles and one to three posterodorsal setulae, cross- veins not infuscated.
Belongs to Hcllna R.-D.
Leucomelina corvina.
A male in poor condition, Orizaba. This is a L'nnnophora.
The thoracic dorsum in front of suture has three contiguous black marks, and behind the suture three contiguous black vittae, the one on each side not extending to scutellum. The second and third ab- dominal tergites each have a pair of large triangular black spots and the fourth has a smaller central spot. Mid tibia with one posterior bristle.
Leucomelina deleta.
One male, Omilteme, (lucrrero. A Limnophora.
Differs from corrina in having a pubescent arista, eyes much closer together, thorax with three pairs of dorsocentral bristles, mid-tibia with two posterior bristles, and the abdomen with the paired dorsal spots extending from base to apex on each tergite, their inner margins straight, the outer concave in center.
Leucomelina minuscula.
( >ne female, Atoyac, Yera Crux. Yery closely resembles deleta. The midtibia has OIK- posterior bristle and the spots
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
on the abdomen are dilated at their posterior extremities. Both species lack the anterior intra-alar.
Leucomelina garrula.
One female, Guerrero. Very closely resembles minuscula but larger (7.25: 4.5 mm.), and with two posterior bristles on mid tibia.
Coenosia femoralis.
One female frotm Orizaba. This is Bithoracochaeta leucoprocta (Wied.). This species has the following synonyms : antica Walker, calopns Bigot, despccta Walker, insignis Stein, pipunculina Thomson, and rufipcs Bigot, in addition to femoralis.
Coenosia macrocera.
A female, Guerrero. This species is an aberrant form with a median anterodorsal and no anteroventral bristle on hind tibia. The ocellar and postvertical bristles are long.
Coenosia punctulata.
A female, Omilteme, Guerrero. Similar in bristling of hind tibia to macrocera, but the antennae are shorter and stouter and the abdomen is nowhere yellow.
Hydrophoria flavipalpis.
One male from Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas. Guerrero. This species belongs to Eiinncsomyia Malloch and differs from those previously placed in the genus in having a black mark across middle of thorax, palpi pale, and tips of mid and hind femora black. The fifth abdominal sternite is different from that of any of the other species known to me.
Anthomyia dorsimaculata.
A male of this species from Omilteme. Guerrero. Belongs to the genus Pcgomyia and closely allied to vandnzcei Malloch.
Hydrophoria transversalis.
A male and female from Guerrero. Stein has sunk this species as a synonym of pictlpcs Bigot and placed it in his genus Taeniomyia. I can not satisfactorily separate the genus from Pegomyia, the black transverse band on thorax used by Stein for that purpose being in my opinion too trivial for a generic character.
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45
Hydrophoria collaris.
A female from Guerrero. Differs from the female of the preceding species in having no cruciate interfrontal bristles and the arista much shorter haired. Belongs also, to Pcgo-m\-ia.
Phorbia prisca.
A female, Ciudad. Mexico. A H \lcmyla very close to cilicrnra Zetterstedt. Impossible to say just what the species is.
A Bibliography on Fungous Insects and their Hosts.
By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
While many papers have appeared on various insects which inhabit fungi, only a few of them mention the specific or generic name of the fungus and it is such papers which have been listed below. The list is as complete as it has been possible to make it and includes only references to American literature. A few of the references relate to insects indirectly associated with certain fungi and not usually considered as funguous insects. The writer will be pleased to know of any omissions.
COLEOPTERA.
Liodes hasalis Lee. Smith, J. B. Insects of New Jersey, p. 230.
(N. J. St. Alus. Kept. 1909). Baeocera punctipennis Blatch. Blatchley, \V. S. Col. Ind. p. 494,
1910. Lycoperdina ferruginea. Lee. Blatchley, W. S. Col. Ind. p. 538,
1910.
Megalodacne ulkei Crotch. Dury, C. Canad. Ent. X, 210. Blatch- ley. YY. S. Col. Ind. p. 545, 1910. Ischyrus quadripunctatus OHv. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LII, p.
14, 1920. Mycotretus pulchra Say. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LII, p. 18,
1920. Cucujus clavipes var. puniceus Mann. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent.
XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892. Epuraea monogama Cr. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XX IV, p.
250-<i, 1892. Peltis pippingskoeldi Mann. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV,
p. 250-6, 1892.
Peltis ferruginea Linn. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892.
46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Calitys scabra Thunb. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p.
250-6, 1892. Thymalus fulgidus Erich. Dimmock, G. Direct. Collect. Coleop.
p. 19, 1872. Beutenmuller, W. Ent. Amer. VI, p. 57, 1890.
Breed, R. S. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Co'l. vol. XL,
No. 7, p. 319, 1903. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comm. p. 510, 1890. Smith. J. B. Insects of N. J., p. 276.
1909. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXXI, p. 1-3, 1920. Agrilus bilineatus Web. Ruggles, A. G. 15th Rept. St. Ent. Minn.
p. 54, 1914. Chapman, R. N. Jour. Agric. Res. Vol. Ill,
No. 4, 1915. Catorama nigritulum Lee. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI. p. 255,
1 9 1 9. Dorcatoma dresdensis Hbst. Barber, H. S. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
X, p. 61, 1908. Cis wenzeli Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. His. XXII, p.
7, 1917. Cis fuscipes Mell. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His. XXII, p.
11, 1917. Xestocis moznettei Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.
XXII, p. 15, 1917.
Sulcacis lengi Dury. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 203, 1919. Brachycis brevicollis Csy. Weiss, H. B. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.
XIV, p. -145, 1919. Ennearthron compacta Dury. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.
XXII, p. 22, 1917. Ceracis sallei Mell. Weiss, H. B. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. XIV, p.
144, 1919. Octotemnus denudatus Csy. Dury, C. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His.
XXII, p. 27, 1917. Cyllene robiniae Forst. Schrenk, H. von. Mo. Bot. Garden Kept.
12; 21-31, 1901. Schrenk, H. von & Spaulding, P. Bull. 149,
U. S. Bur. PI. Indus., p. 45, 1909. Phellopsis obcordata Kirby. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comm., p. 510, 1890. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche, IV, p. 284,
1885. Phellopsus obcordata var. porcata Lee. Hubbard, H. G. Canad.
Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892. Bius estriatus Lee. Hubbard, H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6.
1892. Diaperis maculata Oliv. Dimmock. G. Std. Nat. His., p. 352,
1884. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche IV, p. 284, 1885. Packard,
A. S. 5th Rept. \J. S. Ent. Comm.. p. 510, 1890. Hoplocephala bicornis Fab. Packard, A. S. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent.
Comm., p. 510, 1890.
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 47
Platydema oregonense Lee. Hubbard. H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV,
p. 250-6, 1892. Platydema ellipticum Fab. Weiss. H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 276,
1910. Boletotherus bifurcus Fab. Dimmock, G. Std. Nat. His., p. 352.
1S84. Dimmock, A. K. Psyche IV, p. 284, 1885. Packard.
A. S. 5th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 510, !«'.)(): Insect Life
III, p. 355, 1891. Eustrophus bicolor Say. Weiss, H. B. Psyche XXVI, p. 132-3,
1919. Hallomenus scapularis Melsh. Blatchley. W. S. Col. Ind., p. 1291,
1910. Orchesia castanea Melsh. Weiss, H. B. Canad. Ent. LI, p. 203-4,
1919. Mordella marginata Melsh. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News, Vol. XXXI,
pp. 67-68, 1920. Anthonomus uniperinus Sanb. Blatchley, W. S. & Leng, C. \V.
Rhyn. N. E. Amer., p. 308, 1916.. Dendroctonus piceaperda Hopk. Hopkins, A. S. Bull. 28. n. s. U. S.
Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent.
LEPIDOPTERA. Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. Schrenk, II. von & Spaulding, P. Bull.
149. U. S. Bur. PI. Indus., p. 41, 1909.
Tinea cloacella Haw. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXX, p. 251, 1919. Tinea acapnopennella Clem. Weiss, H. B. Ent. News XXXI, p.
108, 1920.
DlPTERA.
Leia bivittata Say. Weiss, H. B. Psycht- XXVI, p. 80-82, 1919.
HEMIPTERA.
Aradus similis Say. Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J., p. 139, 1909. Aradus debilis Uhl. Hubbard. H. G. Canad. Ent. XXIV, p. 250-6, 1892.
GENERAL PAPERS. Popenoe, C. H. Mushroom Pests & How to Control Them, Farmers
Bull. 789, U. S. Dept. Agric.
Weiss, H. B. & West, E. Fungous Insects & Their Hosts, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. xxxiii, pp. 1-20, 1920.
Change of Address.
Owing to renumbering of the city of Detroit, please note change of address. Old number 48 Webb Avenue. New number 90 Webb Avenue, to which all mail should be sent on and after January 1, 1921.
DR. W. W. NEWCOMB, Detroit, Michigan.
48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
New Species of Cladiinae — Hymenoptera.
By ALEX. D. MAC&LLIVRAY, Urbana, Illinois.
The adults of all the following new species were bred from larvae collected in New York by Dr. Hachiro Yuasa and in Maine by Mr. Earl Shaw and the author for the Maine Agri- cultural Experiment Station. The descriptions are published so that the names can be used with descriptions of larvae that are to be published.
The types are deposited in the collection of the author.
Trichiocampus pacatus n. sp.
9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, pro- femora more or less at distal end, tibiae except distal one-fourth of metatibiae, and tarsi except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate ; median fovea elongate, shallow, continuous with ocellar basin ; frontal crest not well developed, broken, represented by thicken- ings on each side of break; ocellar basin distinct, depressed, lateral walls fine, inconspicuous, linear, extending to lateral ocelli ; antennae with third and fourth segments subequal, fourth segment longer than fifth; head and thorax polished; wings infuscated, proximal two-thirds smoky ; costa, stigma and veins blackish ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, distal portion oblique, pointed above. Length 5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, New York. No. 88-1.
The form of the frontal crest and the ocellar basin will dis- tinguish this species.
Trichiocampus patchiae n. sp.
9. Body black with the following parts infuscated whitish: tro- chanters, distal portion of profemora and mesofemora, tibiae, and basitarsi ; clypeus narrowly, angularly emarginate ; median fovea cir- cular, broad, shallow, inconspicuous ; frontal crest strong, unbroken, narrow, rounded ; ocellar basin flat, limiting lateral walls rounded, not linear, not conspicuous, a depression extending ventrad from median ocellus; head and thorax polished; wings infuscated, proximal two- thirds smoky, distal one-third clearer ; costa, stigma and veins brownish ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, distal portion blunt, pointed. Length 6 mm.
Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. 100.
This species differs from pacatns MacG. in the form of tlr frontal crest. Named for Dr. Edith M. Patch, Entomologist of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station.
Trichiocampus paetulus n. sp.
9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, cephalic
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV.S 49
aspect of profemora in great part, distal ends of mesofemora and metafemora, tibiae except fuscous distal one-fourth of metatibiae, tarsi except fuscous metatarsi ; clypeus broadly roundly emarginate ; median fovea small, oval, shallow depression ; frontal crest narrow, fairly strong, unbroken ; ocellar basin flat, lateral walls linear and distinguish- able in certain lights ; antennae with third segment longer than fourth and fourth longer than fifth; head and thorax polished; wings in- fuscated, distal one-third clearer than proximal two-thirds ; costa, veins and stigma brownish ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin straight, distal portion convex and oblique. Length 5 mm.
Habitat : Onekama, Michigan. Bred by the author from larvae on Popnlns.
This species can be separated from pacatns MacG. by the form of the median fovea.
Trichiocampus palliolatus n. sp.
9 . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, cephalic aspect of profemora in great part, distal ends of mesofemora and metafemora, tibiae except fuscous distal end of metatibiae, and tarsi except fuscous metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate, almost truncate ; median fovea subquadrangular, broad, comparatively deep ; frontal crest not strong, not decidedly thickened, unbroken ; ocellar basin not strongly depressed below area bearing median fovea, lateral walls inconspicuous, linear in certain lights ; antennae with third segment longer than fourth and fourth longer than fifth; wings in- fuscated, proximal two-thirds darker than distal one-third; saw-guides with dorsal margin convex, ventral and distal margins convex and oblique, blunt. Length 5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, New York. No. 154-1-1.
This species is similar to pacatus MacG. but can be separated by the form of the frontal crest and the clypeus.
Priophorus modestius n. sp.
9. Body black with the following parts infuscated white: tro- chanters, distal one-third of profemora, ring on distal end of meso- femora and metafemora, tibiae except ring on distal end of mesotibiae and metatibiae, and tarsi for the most part ; clypeus shallowly roundly emarginate ; median fovea broad, round, shallow, inconspicuous ; frontal crest narrow, hardly raised, linear, unbroken ; ocellar basin flat, lateral -vails rounded, appearing linear in certain lights ; antennae with third a. id fourth segments subequal, fourth longer than fifth; wings slightly in 'uscated, not smoky; veins, costa and stigma brownish, spinulae prominent ; saw-guides retracted. Length 5.5 mm.
Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. 100.
This species is readily distinguished from solitaris Oyar by the form of the median fovea.
50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
Priophorus moratus n. sp.
$ . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, pro- femora more or less, tibiae except fuscous ring on metatibiae, and tarsi except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly angularly emarginate ; median f ovea obsolete or at most only a slight circular depression; frontal crest narrow, thick, unbroken, strong; ocellar basin strongly depressed, limits fairly distinct, lateral walls completely rounded, never showing as linear ridges, depression extending ventrad from median ocellus ; antennae with third segment slightly shorter than fourth and fourth longer than fifth; head and mesonotum polished; wings strongly in- fuscated, distal one-third clear ; saw-guides with dorsal margin straight, ventral margin straight, distal end oblique, convex, pointed above. Length 6 mm.
Habitat: Orono, Maine. Sub. q.
The absence of a median fovea will serve to distinguish this species.
Priophorus munditus n. sp.
$ . Body black with the following parts white : trochanters, ring on distal ends of femora, tibiae except infuscated distal ends of meta- tibiae, and tarsi except metatarsi ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate, almost truncate ; median fovea deep, broad, twice as long as wide ; frontal crest hardly thickened, broadly broken, practically wanting ; ocellar basin distinct, flat, impression extending ventrad from median ocellus, lateral walls linear, distinguishable; antennae with third and fourth segments subequal, the fourth slightly shorter; wings infuscated, distal portion clearer ; veins, costa and stigma brownish, spinulae dis- tinct; saw-guides retracted. Length 5 mm.
Habitat: Orono, Maine, Sub. 174.
The form of the ocellar basin and median fovea will dis- tinguish this species from acqnalis Nort.
Demand the Metric System!
EDITOR ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS — Your attention is respectfully called t • the importance of the world-wide movement for metric standardization of weights and measures. It is an advance in which all are interested.
More than 100,000 petitions are on file with the Department of Com- merce, Washington, D. C, demanding legislation which will establish the decimal metric system for general use in the United States after a liberal period of transition. Many of these petitions are from organi- zations having hundreds and thousands of members.
The present session of Congress is being called upon to enact pro- gressive metric laws. Will not your publication strengthen this demand by strong editorial support? You can aid powerfully in establishing the logical decimal system.
"Get this good thing done in 1921."
Sincerely yours,
AuiiRKY DRURY, Secretary-Treasurer, World Trade Club,
San Francisco, U. S. America.
XXXJi, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51
Entomology and the Professional Ideal.
By R. H. HUTCHISON, Malvern, Pennsylvania.
Some time ago a paper on 'American Entomology: Its Presen' and Future Status as a Profession." was published and distributed by "a group of younger entomologists," the burden of its message being a strong plea for "a compensation sufficient to enjoy the necessaries of life." There can be no gainsaying the seriousness of the situation which they point out, especially in the matter of attracting and holding young men who in the next generation would be called upon to fill the places of the present leaders.
In considering a remedy they very creditably cast aside the idea of attempting to gain their end "through organization, union and strike," as used by the industrial worker, and they suggest that the end would best be attained if the men in the highest positions were "to waken to the condition and lend every effort to raise the standard of the profession through fair salaries for their assistants."
P>ut let it be said by one who has been forced to give much thought to this matter that a general increase in salaries will not of itself give the profession any better standing or make it any more attractive to the right kind of men. Recent de- velopments have made it plain that an even greater need is for a more general realization of professional ideals, and the leaders, even if they succeed in making entomology more attractive financially, fail if they neglect to impress on recruits the dignity of professional work in general and inspire them to follow certain high standards for Entomology in particular. Equal importance, and perhaps the only real solution of the question of compensation, lies in educating the people gener- ally as to what professions stand for and what they are trying to do.
It will serve the purpose- of this argument to review briefly the origin and distinguishing features of professions:
The professions of theology, law and medicine originated in the priesthood. The priests ministered alike to the bodies, souls and estates of their parishioners. They were lawgivers and administrators of the law. They were physicians and administrators of medicines, and they
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | xxxii, '21
were interpreters of the Divine Will, and dispensers of religious con- solation.
As civilization advanced and knowledge accumulated, the several vocations practiced by the priests gradually segregated, resulting in Ihe establishment of the three so-called "learned or liberal" professions. They were called "learned" because in ancient times most of the learn- ing was confined to the priests. They were called "liberal" because the priests rendered their services without fees, obtaining their living from the church. ... In process of time medicine and law were sep- arated from the church,*
but the priestly ideal of consecrated service still clung to them.
In process of time also various lines of professional work split off from medicine and Entomology may truly be said to have originated thus. Most of the great names associated with the early developments of Entomology were those of physicians. Malpighi held a medical degree from the Uni- versity of Bologna ; Swammerdam, author of the famous "Anatomy and Metamorphosis of Insects," was both physician and naturalist. The great Linnaeus himself received a medical education, t
Analyzing various definitions of the term "profession" in the light of what has just been said we may affirm that there are at least three important characteristics which distinguish a profession from a trade or commercial vocation.
First: A profession is "learned/' i. e., it presupposes an accumulation of knowledge based on critical rather than super- ficial observations and classified as a science. This is em- bodied and preserved in scientific literature using an exact nomenclature or terminology.
Second : A profession is "liberal" in the sense that money- making is a minor consideration, and necessarily so because the value of professional services cannot be measured in terms of money. A physician may save the life of a child sick with diphtheria by the very simple act of giving an adequate close of antitoxin, but in no case does he receive full value for this service. The professional men who proved that malaria and yellow fever are mosquito-borne diseases rendered serv-
* Stewart, F. E. Journ. Am. Pharm. Assn. IX, No. 3 (Mar. 1920), p. 263. tLocy. Biology and Its Makers. Henry Holt & Co., 1908.
XXXJi. '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL .\K\VS
ices to humanity which can never be evaluated in terms of money.
Third: A profession is altruistic. The professor uses his special knowledge in the service of others, givinp- them instruc- tion, guidance or advice, or showing others how to apply his special knowledge to their art.
One of the most important of all professional services rendered to any profession is research work and the donation of the results of the same to the profession for the building up of the science upon which the profession depends.:}:
By 'all these tokens then Entomology certainly ranks as a profession and one of the most altruistic. Entomologists, es- pecially those in the Government employ, find themselves in a position to render service to the whole people and ento- mology as a profession is probably the least commercialized of any, with the exception of the Christian ministry. This is largely due to the fact that there are very few openings and no demand for entomologists outside the Government service and the Agricultural Colleges, not because they have striven more successfully for the attainment of this profes- sional ideal. Far from it — and this leads to the point of the argument. •
All Entomologists and others, who hold to the professional ideal and whose sense of the fitness of things has not been dulled by the depressing struggle against the high cost *of living, will be inclined to look upon the action of some of the Entomologists of the Department of Agriculture in joining the Federal Employees Union and affiliating with the American Federation of 1 .abor as a backward step, and one which dicapais the profession generally and lowers it in the estima- tion of managers of great industrial concerns who some day might come to appreciate the value of services which economic entomologists can render.
The apology for joining the Federal Employees Union was. of course, the totally inadequate salaries paid to Government scientific employees and the belief (doubtless sincere with many) that only b\ this move could sufficient pressure be brought to bear on an indifferent Congress to effect a read- justment of salary schedules to meet ever increasing expenses.
t Stewart — loc. cit.
54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21
There were those who knew only too well the financial difficulties encountered, yet felt themselves entirely out of sympathy with the action of their associates and were dimly conscious that a stimulating ideal had been thrown overboard. While they knew that "cloistered virtue" or the holier-than- thou attitude has no place in modern professional life, yet they felt that the way of true progress does not consist of throwing on the scrap heap all that the word "profession" stands for.
The situation becomes clearer with time. The move is now recognized as part and parcel of the all too general reaction which followed the armistice and the almost universal turning away from high ideals and generous impulses — a condition not without its influence even on liberally educated and pre- sumably thinking men.
It will contribute to a better understanding of the re- actionary nature of this move to compare it with the history of Pharmacy. To quote again from Stewart's interesting paper :
The apothecaries in those days (about 1200 A. D.) were members of the Guild of Grocers and the vocation did not partake of a profes- sional character. The apothecary, however, commenced to perfect him- self in chemistry and pharmacy, because of its complexity gradually separated itself from the practice of the physician and was relegated to the apothecary. In the reign of James I, the apothecaries separated from the grocers and received the first charter of their own.
This vocation has since lost all the character of a Guild and the leaders have steadily striven and are still striving to put it on a true professional basis and obtain professional recognition.
The scientific section of the Federal Employees Union has reversed the process and assumed a status similar to that which the apothecaries outgrew some 400 \cars ago. They have wilfully and thoughtlessly given up that high standing and recognition which pharmacy has been striving for cen- turies to attain.
"Hut what shall we say of those who are free yet choose littleness and bondage?" And what shall it profit the pro- fession if it gain a compensation equal to that of a plumber but lose a certain greatness of character?
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1921.
Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings of 1920-21.
The program of the 73rd Meeting of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science and of Associated Scientific Societies held at Chicago, December 27, 1920, to January 1, 1921. lists 130 papers on the terrestrial Arthropods, including certain general papers, credited to the following societies :
Joint session of the Association of American Geographers and the
Ecological Society of America 3
Paleontological Society of America 2
American Society of Zoologists 14
Entomological Society of America 27
American Association of Economic Entomologists 69
Botanical Society of America 4
Phytopathological Society 1
American Society of Naturalists 5
Ecological Society of America (see also above) 3
American Nature-Study Society 1
American Psychological Association 1
We are indebted to Mr. W. J. Gerhard for the information that one additional paper* was given at the Entomological Society of America, although not printed on the program, and that 8 of the 26 listed papers were not given. We have no corresponding figures for the other societies.
The subjects of these 130 papers were as follows:
( Vneral Biology 15 Oclonata 1
Physiology 10 Mallophaga 1
Cytology 3 \\-uroptera ( Hemerobiidae) . 1
Genetics 8 Coleoptera 13
General Economic Entom. .. 19 Hymenoptera 5
Apiculture 10 l.epidoptera 20
Araneina 2 II omoptera 12
Ixodoidea 2 Heteroptera 4
( Mher Acarina 1 Thysanoptera 1
Millepedes 1 I liptera 14
Orthoptera 7 Duplications 21
Ripley : The Evolution, of the Subterranean Habits of Noctuid Larvae.
55
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21
The symposium of the Entomological Society of America was on the Relations between Taxonomic Affinities and Food Habits of Insects, with Special Reference to Parasitism, partici- pated in by C T. Brues (Hymenoptera), J. M. Aldrich (Diptera), and V. Kellogg (Mallophaga), the fourth speaker, F. C. Bishopp (Ixodoidea), not being present. The Annual Address, by Prof. W. A. Riley, was : Some Little-Emphasized Guide Posts to Medical Entomology. Other special addressed were by Dr. L. O. Howard : A Recent Visit to Certain Euro- pean Entomologists ; and by T. H. Prison : The Life-History of the Bumble Bee.
President Wilmon Newell addressed the Economic En- tomologists on The Organization of Work in Economic En- •tomology ; an address was given by Prof. C. E. McClung and one by W. C. O'Kane on Industrial Support for Scientific Work'
The total of 130 titles compares with 118 at St. Louis last year, plus 10 at Princeton, and with 139 at New York in 1916-17.
Notes and.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Recent Additions to the Hill Museum at Witley, Surrey, England.
(Lepid.)
Mr. J. J. Joicey has recently acquired the important collection of Lepidoptera formed by Mr. H. J. Elwes, F. R. S., and the large collec- tion of Hcliconhis formed by the late H. Riffarth. The Elwes collection contains most of the types of species of the Indo-Australian fanna des- cribed by Elwes, as also some types oi Doherty, de Niceville, Christoph and Staudinger ; the material which formed the basis of Elwes & Edwards' monograph of Oriental Hesperidae, and of Elwes' papers on Ypthima, Oeneis and the butterflies of Chile; it is especially rich in Lycaenidae. The Riffarth collection contains over 2000 specimens and includes 360 types and paratypes described by Riffarth and Stichel. Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Barns have recently returned from a twelve months' expedition in Central Airica undertaken on behalf of Mr. Joicey, having obtained a very fine collection of Lepidoptera. The three brothers Pratt are collecting Lepidoptera in the mountainous interior of Dutch New Guinea for Mr. Joicey. Students desirous of comparing specimens and types in the museum are invited to write to the Curator, address as above. [ Abridged from a note by GEO. TALUOT in Ent. 'Mo. Mag., Oct., 1920.]
XXXli,'21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57
New Synonymy in a Recent Paper on the European Corn-Borer,
(Lepid.)
At the close of an otherwise valuable paper by W. P. Flint and J. R. Malloch, ("The European Corn-Borer and Some Similar Native In- sects" Bull. 111. Dept. Registration and Education, vol. 13. art. 10, pp. 287-305, June, 1920), the authors describe a new species under the name Pyransta caffrcii. The description is drawn from a single crippled male without biological notes and from two females without locality labels. The male type, according to the authors themselves, is in too poor condition for the wing markings to be properly distinguished, but it is described as darker than the females which are said to be very similar in color and markings to obumbratilis Flint & Malloch (obitni- bratalis Lederer?) (ainslici Heinrich) with forewings of a pale straw yellow. The specimens were apparently associated as conspecific on the ground that each possesses a conically produced face. A slight ac- quaintance with the Pyralidac should have told the authors that this is a generic character which excludes their supposed new species from the genus Pyransta. In such a difficult group as the Pyraustinae the description of new species on such material would be indefensible even for one thoroughly familiar with all the described forms. In the present instance it is entirely unwarranted. Fortunately the authors have given figures of the male genitalia of their type which enables definite fixa- tion of their wrongly placed species as a synonym of the common, widely distributed Loxostegc similalis Gn. making caffrcii Flint & Malloch the fourteenth name for this much described species. The female paratype from unknown locality associated with the unique crippled male is obviously another species, but causes no concern, as it does not affect the nomenclature. This case is a conspicuous example of the value of male genitalia in the determination of Lepidoptera. Even a mediocre partial figure enables correction of a wrong generic determination and the definite placing of an otherwise valueless type of an imperfectly described species, the name of which would other- wise remain a burden on our list.
With regard to Pvransta obumbratalis Led. (obumbratilis Flint and Malloch) there is no question but that the species treated and figured under this name by Flint and Malioch is Pyransta ainslici Heinrich. The actual identity of obumbratalis Lederer cannot at present be as- certained without an examination of the type. It may prove to be either ainslici or pcnitalis or some other species. For this reason it is advisable at present to have a sure name for a definite concept and to retain the name ainslici for the l\<l\yonum feeder.
The figures and interpretations given by Flint and Malloch show a serious lack of knowledge of the parts of the male genitalia. The "basal spur," which the authors refer to as lacking in my figure of ainslici. is evidently the aedoeanus which I stated was purposely omitted from my drawing. This is poorly represented by the black central
58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
part in Flint and Malloch's figure 42. It does not in any way corres- pond to the similar part, drawn, obviously to correspond, in their figure 41 of penitalis. The aedoeagus in all three species (nubilalis, penitalis, and ainslici) is strikingly similar; but penitalis of the three, alone possesses a stout spur arising ventrally to this organ from the base of the anellus and this the authors have figured as corresponding to the aedoeagus in ainsliei.
CARL HEINRICH, U. S. Bureau of Entomology,
Washington, D. C.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record. Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam- bridge, Mass. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 17— Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomo- logical Society. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 33 — An- nales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 50 — Pro- ceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington. 54— Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 61— Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 62 — -Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. 70 — Journal of Alorphology, Philadelphia. 71 — Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 72 — The Annals of Applied Biology, London. 76 — Nature, London. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labora- tory, Woods Hole, Mass. 105 — Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, Des Moines. 108 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, Eng- land. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Berlin. 117 — Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 118 — Die Xaturwissen- schaften, Berlin.
XXxii/21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59
GENERAL. Bowen, R. H. — Studies on insect spermatogenesis, I. 100, x.xxix, 316-62. Buddenbrock, W. V. — Die lichtkompassbe- wegungen bei den insekten, insbesondere den schmetterlingsraupen. (Sitz. Heidelb. Akad. Wissenscf., Math. -Nat. Klas., viiib, 1-26.) Collier, Dr. — Biochemische feststellung der verwandtschaft bei in- sekten. 45, xvi, 1-5. Crampton, G. C. — Notes on the lines of de- scent of lower winged insects. 5, xxvii, 116-27. Pierce W. D. — Com- mercial entomology and the service it can render to organized agri- culture. 12, xiii, 449-56. Lectures in applied entomology. Ser. 1, Pt. O., No. 5. Economic entomology as a profession. Poulton, E. B. — Heredity and acquired characters. 76, cvi, 532. Stoner, D.— Some interesting insect habitats in the tropics. 105, xxvi, 129-32.
ARACHNIDA &c. Chamberlin, R. V.— A new Leptodesmoid diplopod from Louisiana. A new diplopod of the genus Atopetho- lus. 54, xxxiii, 97-100; 101-2. Ressler, I. L. — Thomisidae of the Ames region. 105, xxvi, '151-6.
NEUROPTERA. Esben-Petersen, P. — Revision of some of the type-specimens of Myrmeleonidae described by Navas and placed in the Vienna museum. 33, lx. 1<>0-<>. Foot, K. — Notes on Pedi- culus vestimenti. 100, xxxix, 262-79. Fuller, C. — Studies on the post-embryonic development of the antennae of Termites. (An. Natal Mus., iv. 235-95.) Thompson & Snyder.— The "Third form," the wingless reproductive type of termites: Reticulitermes and Prorhinotermes. 70, xxxiv, 591-635.
Kennedy, C. H. — The phylogeny of the Zygopterous dragon-flies as based on the evidence of the penes. Forty-two hitherto unrec- ognized genera and subgenera of Zygoptera. 82, xxi, 19-29; 83-88.
ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M — Dermaptera and Orthoptera of the Galapagos Islands. 61, ii, 311-46. Hutchings, C. B. — Walking sticks. 4, Hi, 241-5.
Hebard, M. — A new genus and species of grasshopper from Cali- fornia. 61, x, 71-5.
HEMIPTERA. da Costa Lima, A. — Nota sobre o mimetismo da nympha do Alydus (Magalotomus) pallescens com furmiga e con- sideracoes relativas a especie Galeottus formicarius. (Arch Sup. Agr. e Med. Vet., Nictheroy, Brax.il, iv, 5-8.) Hempel, A.— Duas novas especies de coccidas. (Rev. Mus. 1'aulista, xi, 451-57.) de la Torre-Bueno, J. R. — Remarks on Heteroptera in beach drift. 19, xv, 142-5.
Baker, A. C. — Anuraphis longicauda, a new aphid injurious to plum trees. 54, xxxiii, 93-6. Ball, E. D.— Notes on the Cercopidae with descriptions of some n. sps. 105, xxvi. l-i:;-5<). McAtee, W. L. —Cercopidae of the vicinity of Washington, D. C., with descrip- tions of new varieties of Clastoptera. 54, xxxiii, 171-6. Van Duzee,
60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21
E. P. — New hemipterous insects of the genera Aradus, Phytocoris and Camptobrochys. 61, ix, 331-56.
LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. I.— Collecting Libythea bachmani. 19, xv, 130. Dyar, H. G. — New L., chiefly from Mexico, with syn- onymic notes. 15, viii, 187-98. Goldschmidt, R. — Untersuchungen zur entwicklungsphysiologie des flugelrnusters der schmetterlinge. (Arch. f. Entwlck. d. Organ. Berlin, xlvii, 1-24.) Hebert, F. B.— Observations upon the instars of Phryganidia caterpillars. 20, xxii, 193-200. Johnson, H. L. — Additional notes on Utethesia bella. 17, iv, 94. Leuderwaldt, H. — Sobre a biologia de Tanaphysa adornata- lis. (Rev. Mus. Paulista, xi, 401 -2.) McMurray, N. — Collecting in November. Sesia ithaca. 17, iv, 90; 91-3. Miles Moss, A. — Sphingi- dae of Para, Brazil. Early stages, food plants, habits, etc. 71, xxvii, 333-424. Prout, L. B. — Supplementary notes on Dioptidae. 71, xxvii, 50*8-9. Schultze, E. A. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der pedes spurii der lepidopterenlarven. 111. 1919, A., 1., 1-72. Smith', M. R. — An insect supposed to breed in corn (Achatodes zeae.) 12, xiii, 493. Swaine, J. M. — The nervous system of the larva of Sthe- nopis thule. 4, lii, 275-83. Warren, B. C. S. — Some records of, and observations on, the flying habit of butterflies when paired. 21, xxxii, 218-23.
Blackmore, E. H. — New L. from British Columbia. 4, lii, 2GG-71. Heinrich, C. — The pea moth, a new species. 4, lii, 2.17-8.
DIPTERA. Alexander & McAtee. — Diptera of the superfamily Tipuloidea found in the District of Columbia. 50, Iviii, 38:1-43-1. Barber, G. W. — A note on migration of larvae of the housefly. 12, xiii, 493. Brolemann, H. W. — Encore un mot les culicides. 12, 1920, 269-72. Johnson, C. W. — Descriptions of some new tropical Pachygastrinae. 5, xxvii, 112-15. Leonard, M. D. — A dipterous parasite of the parsnip webworm. 12, xiii, 491. Lutz, A. — Dipteros da familia Blepharoceridae, observados no Brazil. 117, xii, 21-4:;. Malloch, J. R. — A synopsis of the anthomyiid genus Trichopticus. 4, lii, 271-4. Nonidez, J. F. — The internal phenomena of reproduc- tion in Drosophila. 10O, xxxix, 207-230. Roch, O. — Uber die larve von Mycetobia pallipes. Ill, 1919, A, 277-98. Surcouf, J. M. R.— Sur une critique recente de J. Villeneuve. 20, 1920, 249-51. Speyer, E. R. — Notes on chemotropism in the housefly. 72, vii. 124-40. Ton- noir, A. — Contribution a 1'etude des Psychodidae. 33, Ix, H9-.i;.
Alexander, C. P. — Undescribed Tipulidae from western North America. 61, x 35-46. Dyar, H. G. — The Aedes of the mountains of California and Oregon. A new Culex from Panama. Note on Aedes fulvus. Note on the distribution of the flood-mosquitoes of the west. The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. 15, viii, 16.1-173; 173-7; 174-5; 198-9; 204. Lovett, A. L. — Two new
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS 61
species of Syrphidae. 61, x, :>\-2. Malloch, J. R. — Some new species of the genus Lonchaea. A, synoptic revision of the an- thomyiid genus Hydrophoria. 4, Hi. 246-;: 253-7. V synopsis of i e North American species of the genus Pegomyia ( An!ho:nyiid:i<-. > A new genus of Agromyzidae. 19, xv. 121-7; 1-17-8. Van Duzee, M. C. — Three new species of Doliclropodidae from California and Xevada. 61, x 47-9. Melander, A. L. - — Synopsis of the dipterous family Psilidae. 5, xxvii, '.)!-] 01.
COLEOPTERA. Arendsen Hein, S. A.— Studies on variation in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. 108, x, 227-64. Bertin, L. — Lc dimorphisme sexuel chez les Dynastes. (La Nature, I'.i-.'O, 319-20.) da Costa Lima, A. — Sohre os casulos de dois curculionideos, um dos quaes e uma especie nova de um rovo genero da familia Orobi- tidae. (Arch. Escola Supf Agr. e Med. Vet, Nictheroy, Brazil, iv. 9-14.) Davis, W. T. — Notes on beetles of the genera Melasoma and "Gonioctena. 19, xv, 145-6. Frost & Weiss. — An addition to biblio- graphy on Agrilus. 5, Hi, 247. Leng, C. W. — Catalogue of the C. of America, north of Mexico. 4(59 pp. (Mount Vernon, N. V., 1920.) Melezer, J. — Os longicorneos Brazileiros da sub-familia Prioninae. (Rev. Mus. Paulista, xi, 1-208.) Warren, E. — Observations on the comparative anatomy of the termitophilous Aleocharine Paracoro- toca akcrmani. (An. Natal Mus., iv, 297-366.) Wilke, S. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der gattung Cybister. Ill, 1919, A, 2, 243-76.
Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on some C. taken in the vicinity of Bu- nt-din, Florida, in the spring of 1920, with descriptions of new spe- cies. 4, Hi, 2.39-64. Fall, H. C.— On certain species of Haltica, old and new. 5, xxvii, 101-111. Notman, H. — Staphylinidae from Flor- ida in the collection of the Am. Mus. N. H., with descriptions of n. gen. and sps. 62, xlii, 693-732. Schwarz, E. A. — A new scolytiid beetle from tropical Florida. 20, xxii. 222-6.
HYMENOPTERA. Davis, W. T.— Mating habits of Sphccius speciosus, the cicada killing wasp. 19, xv, 12S-9. Haber, V. R.— O\ {position by an evaniid. Evania appendigastcr. 4, Hi. 248. v. Hess, C. — Neues zur frage nach einen farbcn snipe bei bienen. 118, xlviii, 927-9. 7 Kinsey, A. C. — Life histories of American Cynipidae. Phytogeny of cynipid genera and biological characteristics. 62, xlii. 319-357; 357-402. Mann, W. M.— Additions to the ant fauna of the \Yest Indies and Centra! America. 62, xlii, 40:; -:;'.i.
Kinsey, A. C.— New species and synonymy of American Cyni- pidae. 62, xlii, 293-317. Lutz & Cockerell.— Notes on the distribu- tion and bibliography of N. A. bees of the families. Apidae. Meli- poindae, Bo/iibidae, Euglossi<!;i< and \nthophoridae. 62, xlii, I'.H- 641.
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21
CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO. BY CHARLES W. LENG.
We are able to announce the appearance of this longlooked-for catalogue. It will be especially welcomed by the North American coleopterists, and we expect to have a thorough reveiw of it appear in a subsequent issue of this journal. We will say, however, from a gen- eral student's casual glance, that it is a thoroughly practical work of its kind. Copies can be purchased at Ten Dollars each from John D. Sherman, Jr., 132 Primrose Avenue, Mount Vernon, New York.
Regarding the dates of issue of this catalogue, the following infor- mation was received from Mr. Sherman.
The first copy of the paper edition was delivered to Dr. Samuel Henshaw, of The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., December 24, 1920, and other copies mailed ^the same date to Dr. E. A Schwarz, of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., and to Prof. H. F. Wickham, Towa City, Iowa. Copies were on sale by Mr. Sherman, December 27th, and on December 28th copies were sent to the Editor of Science. Garrison, N. Y., The American Ento- mological Society, Philadelphia, and to A. S. Mutchler, of the Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, New York. A copy was purchased from Mr. Sherman, December 29th, by H. L. Gifford, 2426 Palmetto St., Brooklyn, N. Y., and on the same date one was delivered to Prof. H. C. Fall while in New York City. The copy sent to The American Entomological Society was received by it December 30th, so stamped and placed in its Library.— E. T. CKESSON, JR., Librarian A F S
/X. -Cy. O.
Doings of Societies.
The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of December 8, 1919, in the hall of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Twelve persons present, including Messrs. J. J. Davis and C. H. Hadley, of the Riverton (New Jersey) Entomo- logical Laboratory. The President, Dr. Henry Skinner, in the chair.
Dr. Skinner announced the death of Mr. George B. Cresson, who became a member of the Society April 11, 1879, and made some remarks in appreciation of his character and entomological work.*
On motion the following dates were chosen for the meetings of the Society in 1920: the fourth Thursdays of February, April and October; the first Monday of June, and the second Monday of December.
The following were regularly nominated and elected to serve as officers and on committees of the Society for 1920: President, Henry Skinner; Vice President, J. A. C,. Rehn ; CorrcspDiidinu Secretary, Mor- gan Hcbard; Recording Secretary, R. C. Williams: Treasurer. E. T.
* See the NEWS for Jan., 1920, vol. xxxi, p. 29.
X.xxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63
Cresson ; Publication Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, E. T. Cresson and P. F. Calvert; Finance Committee, D. M. Castle, Morgan Hebard and J. A. G. Rehn; Property Committee, K. T. Cresson, Jr., Morgan Hebard and Philip Laurent.
Meeting of February 26, 1920, in the same hall. Seven persons present. The President, Dr. Skinner, in the chair.
ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. J. A. G. Rehn exhibited a copy of J. Gundlach's Contribution a la Entomologia Cubana, Parte IV, treating of the Orthoptera, which he had recently received and is turning over to the Society's library in which it has been lacking. This is a very rare publication. He called attention to Dr. Calvert's paper on Gundlach's publications in the Society's Transactions, vol. xlv, no. 4. He also made a few remarks upon sexual dimorphism in the Dermaptera, illus- trating them chiefly by African forms which he had been studying recently, and spoke concerning the macrolabic and cyclolabic develop- ment of the forceps in the males of certain genera.
HEMIPTERA. — Mr. W. T. Davis exhibited and presented to The Academy of Natural Sciences specimens of Okana«ana magnified Davis from the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico (Woodgate), from Arizona and Colorado.
LEPIDOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited boxes of Pyrrhopyginae and Hesperiinae showing curious mimicry.
GENERAL. — He also exhibited a piece of lead sheathing from a tele- phone cable in Texas which was curiously punctured by an insect which bores through the lead. The identity of the species is unknown, but it has done damage to the lines in that region.
R. C. WILLIAMS, Recording Secretary.
OBITUARY.
JAMES S. JOHNSON — died at his home, 3314 Benner Street, \Yissinoming. Philadelphia. December the 14th, 1^20. aged eighty-four years. Mr. Johnson was one of the first to engage in the upholstery business in Frankford, where he was born. During the Civil \Yar he was in command of a hospital ship. Interment was made at Cedar Hill Cemetery.
He was interested in moths and had an excellent local col- lection. The genus Calocahi appealed particularly to him and mar his home lie captured and recorded fifty-one species and varieties.
Mr. Johnson aKo conducted '/'/;<• .\'uhirt'.list's Journal, pub- lished at Philadelphia, and in it he published a number of popular articles on various species of moths: Tn the Canadian
64 I..NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii. '21
Entomologist for 1881 appeared an article on Hyphantria tc.vtor and in the year before one on "Early Appearance of Catocalas." In Entomological News for 1891 three articles were by him, the most important being entitled "Hunting Catocalae," a list of the local species being given with dates of appearance. Mr. Johnson was a genial man and an ardent collector and naturalist.-— H. S.
Obituary notices of the following entomologists have been published in recent numbers (September—November, 1920) of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (London):
WILLIAM WEST, born at Rotherhithe in 1836, died at Har- ringay, Middlesex. July 20, 1920. His work was in the brass foundry of John Penn & Sons. Greenwich, for nearly fifty years. He wa? one of the founders of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society and Curator of their collections. He presented his collection of Homoptera ( ca. 3500 spmns.) to the Natural History Museum at South Kensington. Llis few written communications concern British insects.
E. C. ADAMS, an extensive collector of Diptera, who pre- sented his specimens (ca. 9000), chiefly taken in the New Eorest, to the same Museum, died in Eebruary, 1920.
!(V-\XK MILBURN How- LETT. Second Imperial Entomologist of India (1907) and, at the time of his death, Imperial Patho- logical Entomologist at Pusa, died after an operation at Mussoorie, India, August 20, 1920. He was born at Norfolk, in 1877, was a scholar at Christ's College, Cambridge (1896- 1900), taught in England, and then at Allahabad University. first in chemistry, then in biology (1905-1907). He con- tributed some of the sections to Professor Maxwell Lefroy's Indian Insect Life (1909V Lie was especially interested in Diptera and in chemical and physical problems relating to entomology.
ALT-REP EPMTXP Mr PP. who died October 7. 1920. aged 75, contributed articles on Hriti^h Lepidoptcra and Diptera and was also a generous donor to the I'ntLh Museum of Natural History.
COLEOPTERA
I wish to buy original collections of exotic Phytophaga, unmounted preferred,
Fr«'d C. Bowditch, 1O4 Rawson Road, Brpoklinc 46, Mass*
Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.
Excellent Material, Great Variety.
Apply for particulars and prices,
R. A. DUM3IER, CARE JINJA POST OFFICE, UGANDA
In Stock
Morpho rnenelaus, per 100, 1st qual., $110.00, 2nd qual., $ 78.00
rhetener, 200.00, 100.00
adonis 56.00
Ornithoptera hecuba, males 65.00, 45.00
Urania ripheus, $90. per 100; Lycaena exelis, $6.00; European Lye., $5.00; and beautiful African Lycaena, $8.00 per 100. Bright, brilliant mixed Butterflies, all suitable for Jew- elry, Trays and Decorative Purposes, good quality, $17.50 per 100. Over 50,000 Butter- flies i ow in stpck. Prices Net. American Currency. Terms Cash or C. O. D. '
G. G. MacBEAN (Dealer), Assiniboia, Sask., Canada
The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine — A journal devoted to general Entomology, started in 1804, and now edited by G. C. Cham- pion, T. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt and J. .1. Walker.
It contains descriptions of new genera and species iri all orders (British and foreign),, life histories, reviews of new works, etc. \ >!mne LYI (\ 1 <>f the_second series) was commenced in Janu- ary, l!i-:o. The subscription for the 1:2 numbers is 15 shillings per amuim. post free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd, I, .">, Albany, Picca- dilly, I. end m, \\ •'.. England. For terms for advertisements apply to him also.
"THE BUTTERFLY STORE"
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Large stock of Lepidoptera expanded or in papers from South A Africa, Indo-Malaya and Europe. Special list on application. ()u- ilty:
IIH) specimens in about 70 species $10.00. 100 selected bright mens $15.00.
NEW ARRIVALS
From Colombia, South America : OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING
Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte
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1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali
andraemon Erinyis guttalaris
celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.
" devilliersi.
From Venezuela :
Over 5000 Lepidoptera
200 Dynastes hercules
From New Guinea
2000 Coleoptera 200 Orthoptera
From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis
philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi
And Many Other Showy Species
From Tibet (Bhutan) : Armandia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki
CATALOGUES OF
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS ON APPLICATION
If interested kindly send your list of desiderata for further information to ,,
THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA
Department of Natural Science New York
G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street
MARCH, 1921
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXII No. 3
*«*» Im
MAR - 9 1921
THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON
1^07-1865
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. RKHN,
PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square
Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter.
Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1103.
Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, and The American Entomological Society.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.50 IN ADVANCE
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SUBSCRIPTIONS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. All remittances, and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt of the NEWS or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be addressed to Entomo- logical News, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
All complaints regarding non-receipt of issues of the NEWS should be presented within three months from date of mailing of the issue. After that time the numbers will be furnished only at the regular rate for single copies. Not more than two issues will be replaced gratis through loss, in transit or in change of address, unless such have been registered, at the subscriber's expense.
MANUSCRIPTS. Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Phila-. delphia, Pa.
TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. The receipt of all papers will be acknowl- edged. Proof will be sent to authors only when specially requested. Twenty-five "extras" of an author's contribution, without change in form ;md without covers, will be given free when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired t!iis should be stated on the !(IS.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO AUTHORS
Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the necessary blocks, or pay in advance the cost of making block* rind pay for the cost'of printing plates. Information as to the cost will be furnished in each case on application to the Editor. Blocks furnished or paid for by au- thors will, of course, be returned to authors, after publication, if desired.
The printer of the NEWS will furnish reprints of articles over and aliov the twenty- five given free at the following rates: One or two par.cs, twenty-five copies. .-55 cc three or four pages, twenty-five copies, 70 cents; five to eight pages, twenty-five copies.
o; nine to twelve pages, twenty-five copies, $2.00; each half-tone plate, twenty-five 30 cents; each plate of lino cuts, twenty-live copies, 25 cents; greater numbers of ropie's will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXII MARCH, 1921 No. 3
CONTENTS
Skinner— Moths Collected at Hot Attacking Mildews (Col ).. 83
Springs, Virginia ( Lepid. ) 65 ; Skinner — A new Species of Mt-litaea
Alexander — Undescribed Crane-Flies from Montana ( Lepid. , Rhop ) .... 89
from Argentina (Tipulidae, Dip- Editorial — The Influence of Insects on
tera). Part II 72 Human History 90
Cockerel! — The Bee-genus Ancylosce- Entomological Literature 91
les Haliday ( Hym.) 76 Review of Oberthur's Etudes de Lepi-
Barnes and Lindsey--On Some Spe- dopterologie Comparee 93
ciesof Hesperia ( Lep., Hesperidae) 78 Review of Lindsey's Hesperioidea of
Howe — Sympetrum atripes (Hagen)a
good Species ( Odon. ) 80
Davidson — Observations on Psyllobora
taedata LeConte, a Coccinellid
America North of Mexico A1
Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec. Acadv Nat. Sci. (Orth., Dip., Lep.,
Odon ) 94
i
!
Moths Collected at Hot Springs, Virginia (Lepid.).
By HENRY SKINNER.
It not infrequently happens that entomologists go on collect- ing trips or spend their vacation in the country and give no thought to general entomology hut confine their entire attention to the group or order in which they are specially interested. This appears rather selfish to the writer and not good for entomology. Mr. Morgan Hebard is an exception to this rule. His principal work is with the Orthoptern hut he does not neglect the other orders. The moths listed were in an excel- lent state of preservation and it was a pleasure to study them. The collection is noteworthy on account of the number of genera and species collected at one place in a short period of time. Butterflies were also collected and the true Lycacna lygdamus taken.* Mr. Hebard has very kindly supplied the following notes in regard to the locality and his method of collecting the specimens.
"Hot Springs, Virginia, is situated close to the western border of the state in its central portion. At an elevation of
*Ent. News, 1917, xxviii, 212.
65
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ XX.xii, '21
two thousand feet, the small village nestles at the foot of heavily wooded parallel ridges, which attain an altitude of from thirty-two hundred to four thousand feet in the immediate vi- cinity. The rich mountain-valley pastures and deciduous forests were evidently teeming with insect life and, having occupied a small white cottage on the hillside on July 3, 1916, preparations were made for extensive collection of Orthoptera.
"A broad veranda, facing westward over the valley, had its wrall and ceiling painted white and the three electric lights were seen to throw their radiance some distance through and over the trees below. Having changed the lights for those of one hundred candle power, the place was found to be ideal for collecting not only the few night-flying Orthoptera. but also the abundant Heterocera.
"In order to secure the moths without rubbing, two large cyanide jars were used ; one in which the captures were made, these being dumped into the other jar as soon as movement had ceased. This was found to be a very important detail in the proper preservation of this delicate material.
"The appearance of the moths was very irregular, some nights being inexplicably bad, many good, while on occasional evenings, when no apparent difference in climatic conditions was noted, an extraordinary number of species as well as individuals would make their appearance. Individuals could be taken from twilight throughout the night, the largest number being usually secured between eight and ten. Scarcely any work, however, was done after midnight, and so we have few data for the hours before dawn, during which, we have reason to believe, moths sometimes appear about lights in some regions in remarkable abundance.
"Sultry nights are well known to be very favorable, but during this work almost every warmer afternoon was followed by a thunder storm which, at this altitude, almost invariably lowered the temperature to a point where further collecting proved to be of little avail. It was interesting to note, howevrr, that long after the high winds and rain had commenced, speci- mens of all sizes would often continue to come in.
"The study of first appearance and duration of the various
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67
species would prove very interesting. During our stay, from July 3 to August 24, species we had not previously seen were constantly appearing, fresh individuals often becoming numer- ous, while after a comparatively brief period of abundance those which came in would be in large part badly damaged and the number of individuals would show nightly a rapid decrease.
"Many species showed very contrasting behaviour after fly- ing in and having become confused by the lights. .Many of the larger species and some of the smaller forms would finally come to rest on the ceiling and its bordering ledges, but the greater number of the small individuals would come to rest on the white posts, back wall and on the screen doors. Tt also appeared that -certain groups were less attracted to the- lights and showed less decided confusion than others. Thus only rarely would a Sphingid fly in and, unless it shortly came to rest on the back wall, or became more confused in seeking an impossible exit through the ceiling, would dart out into the darkness, seldom returning.*
"Though the number of species of small moths which came to light was astonishing to us, still other species were seen and taken in the nearby woodland which did not at any time make their appearance on the porch.
"The number of species taken was 348, representing 219 genera, the total of individuals being 1824. One new species was secured.
"A most satisfactory and compact method of packing this material was followed, as suggested to us by Dr. Skinner. In the morning the storage jar was emptied and the specimens were pinned on fine insect pins. Sorted according to size, three or four of the smaller individuals could be placed on one pin, this being done with the forceps so that at no time was an example touched by the fingers. A small label bearing the date was then placed on the pin and the prepared series packed
* Similar behavior of Sphingidae was recently observed by us in Colombia, South America, where considerable collecting about small electric lights and a relatively high-powered twin gasoline pressure- lamp was accomplished. This type of light is clearly unsatisfactory for the collecting of these, the largest-bodied group of swift-flying moths.
68
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[xxxii, '21
closely in cigar boxes having cork bottoms. This method would not be safe in moist climates, but will prove most satisfactory in temperate regions."
Deilephila lineata Ampelophaga myron Chlaenogramma jasminearnm Ceratomia amyntor undulosa
Smerinthus jamaicensis Paonias excaecatus
myops
Cressonia juglandis Actias luna Telea polyphemus Eacles imperialis Citheronia regalis Dryocampa ruhicunda Scepsis rufkollis Crambidia pallida
cephalica casta
Hypoprepia miniata fucosa
Illice subjecta Nigetia formosalis Characoma nilotica Eubaphe ferruginosa Haploa clymene
fulvicosta Estigmene acraea Diacrisia virginica latipennis Isia isabella Apantesis virgo
nais
Halisidota tessellaris Demas flavicornis
infanta
Charadra deridcns Acronycta americana dactylina lobeliae lithospila " hamamclis
Acronycta ovata inclara increta retardata distans
Microcoelia obliterata Bryophila lepidula Polygrammate hebraeicum Chytonix palliatricula Baileya dormitans
ophthalm-ica Anorthodes tarda Caradrina miranda Perigea vecors Oligia grata Hadena passer arctica verbascoides lignicolor modica
Hyppa xylinoides Euplexia lucipara Actinotia ramosula Dypterygia scabriuscula Prodenia ornithogalli Laphygma frugiperda
obscura
Rhynchagrotis alternata Eueretagrotis sigmoides inattenta attenta
Semiophora elimata Pachnobia fishi Agrotis ypsilon
geniculata
Peridromia saucia
incivis
Noctua bicarnea c-nigrum plecta lubricans
xxxii, '21]
ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\VS
Feltia jaculifera " herilis " annexa Euoxa redimicula messoria insulsa tessellata obeliscoides Mamestra nimbosa
purpurissala lustralis detracta subj uncta cristifcra latex adj uncta legitima ectypa renigera marinitincta Leucania unipuncta
pseudargyria albilinea phragmatidicola Orthodes crenulata
vecors
Tricholita signata syrissa
Cucullia asteroides Achatodes zeae Hydroecia velata
americana
Erythroecia hebardi* 1'yrrhia umbra Orthosia ferruginoides aurantiago helva Calymnia orina
calami
Cboridea virescens Rhodophora florida Lygranthoecia thoreaui
marginata Euthisanotia grata
Plagiomimicus pitychromus Polyclirysia formosa Plusia aerea
" balluca Autographa precationis
falcifera
Ogdoconta cinereola Paectes oculatrix Scolecocampa liburna I 'hiprosopus callitrichoides Erastria synochitis
muscosula carneola Galgula hcpara partita
Metoponia obtusa Chamyris cerintha Acontia erastrioides Spragueia leo Mrlathura.sa UK metifera Phalaenostola larentoides Pangrapta decoralis I lomopyralis discalis contracta tantillus ? 1 'rasU'ria erechtea Mclipotis limbolaris Catocala nubilis
arnica
gracilis
grynea
hero
similis
clintoni
herodias
coccinata
ilia
cara
amatrix
antinympha
palaeogama
neogama
epione
dejecta
*Ent. News, 1917, XXVIII, 329.
70
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[xxxii, "21
Catocala residua Panapoda rufimargo Agnomonia anilis Ypsia undularis Homoptera lunata Epizeuxis lubricalis rotundalis americalis aemula Zanclognatha laevigata
ochreipennis Philometra goasalis Bleptina atrimacula Tetanolita mynesalis 'Renia discoloralis
flavipunctalis
Heterogramma pyramusalis Gaberasa ambigualis Palthis angulalis asopialis Bomolocha deceptalis
madefactalis umbralis.
Plathypena scabra Habrosyne scripta Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides
expultrix
Melalopha apicalis inclusa
Datana ministra angusi perspicua
Hyperaeschra georgica Lophodonta ferruginea Nadata gibbosa Nerice bidentata Dasylophia anguina Heterocampa obliqua umbrata
biundata bilineata
Misogada unicolor Schizura semirufescens unicornis badia
Hyparpax aurora Fentonia marthesia Gluphisia septentrionalis Hemerocampa definita Olene achatina Malacosoma americana
disstria
Drepana genicula Dyspteris abortivaria Eudule mendica Heterophleps triguttaria Tepbroclystis nebulosa Eucymatoge intestinata Venusia comptaria Euchoeca albovittata
albifera Coryphista meadi
badiaria Eustroma gracilineata
atrocolorata Percnoptilota fluviata Mesoleuca lacustrata Hydriomena latirupta Coenocalpe magnoliata Gypsochroa sitellata Xanthorhoe ferrugata Haematopsis grataria Calothysanis amaturaria Cosymbia myrtaria
lumenaria
albocostaliata Synelys enucleata Leptomeris quinquelinearia Eois demissaria nimbicolor obfuscaria Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria
phyllinaria Synchlora aerata Anaplodes viridicaria Heliomata infulata Physostegania pustularia Sciagraphia heliothidata Macaria infimata minorata
xxxii. '21]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
71
Cymatophora ribearia
distribuaria Catopyrrha coloraria
dissimilaria Alcis sulphuraria Paraphia deplanaria Lytrosis urritaria Cleora pampinaria
larvaria
Melanolophia canadaria Ectropis crepuscularia Epnnecis virginaria Lycia cognataria Aiiagoga pulveraria Sicya macularia Therina endropiaria Metrocatnpa praegrandaria Eugonobapta nivosaria Ennomos subsignarius Xanthotype crocotaria Plagodis phlogosaria Hyperitis amicaria Euchlaena serrata
johnsonaria Metanema excelsa
quercivoraria Azclina ancetaria Caberodes confusaria majoraria Tetracis crocallata Sabulodes sulphurata arcasaria transversata Kndea querceti
indetermina chloris
Xatada nasoni Prolimacodes scapha Limacodes biguttata y-inversa
Lithacodes fasciola Tortricidia flexuosa Glaphyria sesquistrialis Symphysa eripalis Hymenia pcrspectalis
Desmia funeralis Pilocrocis ramentalis Blepharomastix nymphulalis Pantographa limata Evergestis rimosalis Crocidophora serratissimalis Nomophila noctuella Phlyctaena ferrugalis Cindaphia bicoloralis Pyrausta aeglealis thestealis acrionalis insequalis generosa Pyrausta signatalis
niveicilialis Elophila bifascialis Scoparia basalis strigilis
Aglossa cuprealis Herculia olinalis Galasa rubidana Crambus alboclavellus elegans teterellus trisectus luteolellus Argyria nivalis Tetralopha militella Exartema inornatana Olethreutes daeckeana Enarmonia interstinctana Ecdytolopha insiticiana Epagoge sulphurana Ccnopis reticulatana Archips rosaceana purpurana Platynota sentana Tortrix peritana Kulia alisellana Krachiloma unipunctclla Holocera chalcofrontella Xylestia pruniramella Acrolophus plumi f rontellus
72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fxxxii, '21
Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina (Tipulidae,
Diptera)— Part II.
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois. This paper is a continuation of the first part under this title (ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. xxxi, pp. 215-221. 1920). The material herein considered was sent to me by my friend, Serior Charles Bruch, and is based principally on specimens sent him by Engineer VVeiser, collected in the Puna Region of the Province of Jujuy. The types are preserved in the writer's collection.
Geranomyia subserotina sp. n.
Allied to G. serotina; mesonotal praescutum reddish grey with three narrow longitudinal stripes, the median one black, the lateral stripes dark reddish brown, these latter continued caudad onto the scutal lobes ; femora brownish testaceous, the tips more yellowish, before the tips with an indistinct brownish ring ; wings yellowish white with a sparse brown pattern ; Sc short.
$. Length (excluding the rostrum) about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.; rostrum alone, about 3.8 — 4 mm. Rostrum moderately elongated, black ; palpi black. Antennae black, the flagellar segments rounded oval. Head yellowish gray; a pale silvery line extending from the front to the occiput; two narrow brownish black lines extending from the pos- terior margin of the eyes to the occiput, subequal in width to the pale line enclosed ; these black lines are sometimes nearly obsolete.
Mesonotal praescutum reddish grey with three narrow longitudinal stripes, the median stripe broader and more deeply colored, black; lateral stripes dark reddish brown, very narrow anteriorly, posteriorly extending slightly beyond the level of the median stripe; scutum heavily light grey pruinose ; scutellum brown, the posterior margin indistinctly yellowish ; postnotum light brown, sparsely pruinose. Pleura reddish gray pruinose, the dorsal sclerites a little darker. Halteres obscure yellow, the knobs brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish testaceous ; femora brownish testaceous, before the more yellowish tips with an indistinct, subterminal, light brown ring; remainder of the legs brown, gradually passing into black on the tarsi.
Wings with a faint yellowish white tinge ; stigma small, brown ; small brown seams as follows : on the supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc; origin of Rs; tip of Sc; along the cord and outer end of cell 1 st M2; veins yellowish. Venation : Sc rather short, extending to about opposite one fourth the length of Rs, Sc2 at the tip of Sc\; Rs long, arcuated at origin; r at tip of R\ and at about one-third the length of A'2+3; basal deflection of R4+5 arcuated; cell 1st M2
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73
closed, about as long as vein jl/3 beyond it ; basal deflection of Cul beyond the fork of M, equal to or longer than Cu2 alone.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites paler; hypopygium obscure reddish yellow.
Holotypc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 23, 1920 (V. Weiser). Paratopotypcs: 2 $ 's, May 22-23, 1920.
Geranomyia subscrotina is closely related to G. serotinu Alex. (Argentina: Sierra Cordoba)' from which it is readilv told by the different coloration of the niesonotum (there bein". three distinct dark stripes) and the much shorter subcosta.
Gonomyia (Gonomyella) maesta sp. n.
Antennae dark brown; mesonotum black, grayish brown pruinose; pleura with a conspicuous whitish yellow longitudinal stripe ; wings with a brownish tinge ; Sc moderately long ; male hypopygium with three pleural appendages, the longest of which is slender, near mid- length dilated into a collar-like structure, one side of which is slightly produced into a spine ; penis-guard with the apex simple.
$ . Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5.2 mm. $ . Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5.4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown with a sparse yellowish pubescence ; flagellar segments in the male cylind- rical, in the female oval. Head gray.
Pronotum dark gray pruinose, the scutellum obscure yellow. Mesonotum black, sparsely grayish brown pruinose ; pseudosutural foveae conspicuous, elongate, shiny black. Pleura black, sparsely gray pruinose ; a conspicuous obscure whitish yellow longitudinal stripe extending from behind the fore coxae to near the hind coxae ; a pale yellow spot on the mesepimeron in front of the base of the halteres. Halteres brown.
Legs with the coxae blackish, paler apically ; trochanters dark brown ; remainder of the legs brownish black, the bases of the femora paler.
Wings with a strong brownish tinge ; stigma oval, darker brown ; veins almost black. Venation: Sc moderately long, Scl ending about opposite midlength of Rs; Rs long, gently arcuated; R2+3 shorter than R2; r obliterated or approximately so; basal deflection of R4-\-5 longer than r-m; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brownish black. Male hypopygium with the outer lateral angle produced into a short spine ; three pleural appendages, the longest a cylindrical chitinizcd rod, the basal half stout, at about mid- length dilated into an irregular collar, the lower angle produced into ;i sharp spine, the face of which is setigerous ; the distal half of this appendage is slender; intermediate appendage fleshy, the surface covered with numerous short sensory setae; outer appendage slightly curved, gradually narrowed to the subacute blackened apex. I'enis- guard with the tip simple.
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
llolot\pc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 22. 1920 (V. Weiser). Alloiupotyfe: 9, May 23, 1920.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) illicis sp. n.
Antennae black, the scape orange ; thoracic pleura yellow with a narrow dark brown longitudinal stripe ; halteres long, brown ; wings tinged with gray; Sc very short, cell \st M2 open, basal deflection of Cwl at the fork of M ; abdomen dark brown, the sternites yellow ; male hypopygium with two pleura! appendages ; gonapophyses elongate, needle-like.
$ . Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.6 mm. 9 . Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape orange ; flagellum dark brownish black. Head obscure yellow, the vertex marked with darker.
Pronotum light sulphur yellow, darker laterally. Mesonotum brown, the lateral margins of the praescutum and scutum more yellowish ; scutellum light brown, the caudal margin narrowly yellowish ; postno- tum brown medially, the lateral margins of the median sclerite and all of the lateral sclerites yellow. In the female ascribed to this species the postnotum is yellow except posteriorly. Pleura yellow, more obscure ventrally ; a narrow dark brown longitudinal stripe extending from the lateral margins of the pronotum above the fore coxae, through the base of the halteres to the abdomen ; sternites dark brown. Halteres relatively long and slender, brown.
Leg's with the coxae yellowish flesh color ; trochanters yellowish testaceous ; remainder of the legs light brown.
Wings faintly grayish ; stigma slightly darker, grayish brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc short, Scl ending far before the origin of Rs, the distance being about two-thirds the length of Rs; Rs arcu- ated ; R2+3 long, strongly arcuated, about twice R2 but shorter than Rs; basal deflection of A'4+5 short; cell 1st A/2 open; basal deflection of Cu\ at the fork of M. In the female, cell 1st M2 is closed in both wings.
Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites and the hypopygium obscure yellow. Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the outer lateral angle produced caudad into a slender, fleshy sctigerous lobe ; pleural appendages two in number, one fleshy, the tip narrowly chitinized and flattened into a small beak ; a row of about twenty stout setae along its face ; the other appendage is fleshy, but at about two-thirds the length there is borne a stout chitinized spine that is about as long as the fleshy apex beyond it; the fleshy parts on the outer half of the appendage are provided with abundant long bristles. Penis-guard long and slender, the apex slightly bifid ; gonapophyses two, subtending the penis-guard, these very long and slender, needle-like, the tips acute, not attaining the ends of the guard.
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Holot\pc: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy, May 22. 1920 (V. \Veiser). Allotoputypc : -9. Ftimtopotype : 6, May 25. 1920.
Gononi\'ia illicis is related to (V. jejuna Alex. (Peru) but differs in the structure of the male hypopvgium.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) trispinosa sp. n.
Allied to G. cincrca; male hypopygium with three pleural appendages, each of which bears a chitinized spine.
$ . Length about 3.5 mm. : wing 4.3 mm. Belongs to the cincrca group; allied to G. hclophila and other species.
Head broken. Mesonotum clove-brown. Pleura brown, the dorso- pleural region yellowish ; a narrow yellowish white longitudinal stripe passing below the root of the halteres to the base of the abdomen, this pale line bordered on either side by a dark brown margin. Halteres short, brown..
Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceous yellow ; fore and middle legs broken ; hind femora obscure yellow, before the tips with a narrow brown subterminal ring ; tibiae light yellow, conspicuously tipped with black; metatarsi brown, the distal half and the remainder of the tarsi black.
Wings with a grayish yellow tinge, the costal and subcostal regions paler yellow ; stigma indistinctly pale brown ; veins brown, the cross- veins and deflections comprising the cord darker brown. Venation : Sc short, Scl ending far before the origin of Rs, the distance being greater than Rs alone ; Sc2 a short distance from the tip of Scl ; Rs comparatively short, strongly arcuated at origin; inner ends of cells R3, R5 and 1st M2 in alignment; cell 2nd M2 a little longer than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cul at the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior margins of the seg- ments broadly but obscurely yellowish; sternites more yellowish. Male hypopygium with the pleurites rather stout; three pleural appendages, each of which bears a sharp blackened spine; ventral appendage longest, produced caudad as a flattened, ribbon-like blade, the tip narrowly darkened, obtuse; near the base of this lobe on the proximal face a short but acute slightly curved black spine; intermediate appendage a short, slightly curved black spine of approximately the same shape and size as the one just described; dorsal pleural appendage a fleshy lobe whose caudal angle is produced into a very long, strong, chitinized hook that is several times larger than either of the two spines just described ; the blackened apex of this hook is bent almost at a right angle to the base; the base of the appendage bears several powerful setae. Gonapopyhyses and penis-guard elongate but of simple structure as in this group of species.
Holotype: $, Ciudad, Province of Jujuy. May 22, l(>2n (V. Weiser).
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xXXli, '21
Brachypremna subsimilis sp. n.
Related to B similis; mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with four distinct brown stripes, the outer ones curved strongly laterad to the margin of the sclerite; abdominal sternites each with a linear dark lim\vn median mark that covers approximately one-half of the length of each segment.
$ . Length 16 mm. ; wing 22 mm. Closely related to B. similis \\ill. (Mexico to Panama), differing as follows:
Frontal prolongation of the head tumid, light yellow above, brown laterally; mouthparts dark brown; basal segment of the palpus dark brown, the other segments broken.
Pronotum pale brownish yellow with four darker brown spots. Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow with four distinct stripes ; the intermediate pair dark brown behind, more reddish anteriorly, the ex- treme cephalic ends of each more shiny and with a small dark brown spot; lateral stripes bent outward almost at a right angle, enclosing a circular area of the ground-color between it and the transverse suture; postnottyn with the pale sublateral stripes approximately as wide as the fusiform median stripe.
The coloration of the legs is practically identical in the two species, but the tibiae in the present species are paler and the feet somewhat more yellowish.
The wings are likewise almost identical but here the stigma is paler and Rs less strongly angulated at its origin.
Abdomen dark brown, the lateral margins of the segments yellowish, v'ery broad on segment one and the base of segment two; sternites olu-ciire yellow with a linear dark brown dash on each, these much longer and more conspicuous than in B. similis, occupying about one- half the length of the segments, on sternites six and seven much longer, occupying almost all of the sclerite.
Ifclotypc: $, San Roque, Corrientes, February. 1920
( Sefior Juan Bosq).
— <«» —
The Bee-genus Ancylosceles Haliday (Hym.).
B|y T. D. A. COCKERELL
Much confusion has arisen through the misinterpretation of the Anthophorid genus Ancylosceles, -usually written Ancylos- celis. It was first published with a described species by Hali- day, but his A. nrsinns was so imperfectly denned. that it was impossible to place it with certainty. I have found Haliday's unique type in the British Museum, and it represents a genus which includes Ancyluscc.lis tunualis Vachal, 1904, and such species as arnia/a Smith, recently referred to I.eptcrgatis. Leptergatis halictoides Ilolmbi-rg, represented bv five speci-
XXxii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77
mens in tin- museum, belongs to a different genus, with a very long tongue, closely related to M c/i/mna. It differs from Mclitoina in the long six-jointed maxillary palpi, lacking con- spicuous lateral brush of hairs, and in the venation of hind wing, the separation of discoidal and cubital ncrvuiv> being about equally distant from transversomedial and transverse- cubital. True Ancylosccles, including urslnus, armatns and turmalls, is a distinct genus, peculiar to the neotropical -region, but widely spread therein. Haliday's type may be redescribed as follows :
Ancylosceles ursinus Haliday.
$ . Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 8.3 mm. ; head and thorax with rather short ferruginous hair; abdomen densely covered with ap- pressed velvet-like ferruginous hair ; legs with ferruginous hair ; base of mandibles yellow, with a black spot on upper part of yellow area; labrum yellow ; clypeus yellow, with two large black triangles above, joined in the middle line, so that the lower margin of the black is W-like; apical part of scape red in front; flagellum dark reddish, not very long; tongue broadened and fan-like at tip; hind femora very greatly swollen, oval, with the inner face flattened and ferruginous ; hind tibiae much swollen, with an angle or low tooth on outer side beneath, not far from apex ; hind basitarsi pale yellowish, somewhat swollen, but otherwise simple; wings dusky; transversomedial of hind wing a little oblique, a little (but distinctly) nearer to separation of discoidal and cubital nervures than is transversocubital ; third submar- ginal of anterior wing broad above, its breadth on marginal more than half as great as its lower side; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell at about the beginning of its last third ; stigma well developed ; apex of abdomen not bidentate.
Ancylosccles turmoils (Yach.) is closely allied to A. ursinus, but smaller, with no black spot on yellow of mandibles. The clypeus is more reddish, but the two black triangles arc present. and the insect has the same red pubescence. Tn the hind wing the separation of the discoidal and cubital nervures is a little nearer transversocubital than transversomedial. The hind legs are of the same type, but the hind basitarsi have a tooth- like angulation on the anterior side, a structure much more developed (thorn-like) in A. armatus.
Diadnsin is a perfectly distinct genus, closely related to I'tHothri.r, but having a pulvilhi<. I'tilofliri.r rlparla Ducke b.-i ;i puKillus and long third sumarginal cell, and it is to called Dladasia riparia.
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
On Some Species of Hesperia (Lepid., Hesperidae.).
By WM. BARNES, M.D. and A. W. LINDSEY, Ph.D., Decatur, Illinois.
In the Bulletin dc la Socicte Icpidoptcrologiqitc dc Geneve, vol. IV, pp. 96-107, Dr. Reverdin considers in his usual pains- taking way the North American species Hesperia s\richtns, describing a new form, fmnosa. In the same paper he gives the name syrichtides to the Central American species which has been called orcus Cram, by some writers. Dr. Skinner, in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for December, 1919, p. 297, calls atten- tion to this paper and adds some interesting information regard- ing the types of wontiragus Reak.
It was our pleasure during the summer of 1919 to investi- gate these names as thoroughly as possible, and only the lack of definite information on the actual identity of syrichtus pre- vented an earlier publication of our conclusions. Fabricius stated the locality of syrichtiis in the original description (Syst. Ent.. 534, 1775) as America, and Butler (Cat. Fab. Diurn. Lep. B. M., p. 280, 1869) applied the name to specimens from Honduras. This led us to the conclusion that the name might properly refer to syrichtides, rather than to the more northern form, and specimens were sent to the British Museum for com- parison with the specimens mentioned by Butler. An answer recently received from Mr. N. D. Riley, who has kindly ex- amined all the material in his care, informs us that these speci- mens are no longer to be found, and that the two species are mixed under the name syrichtiis in the. museum series. He further states that our North American species alone is repre- sented by specimens from Honduras, among a series from Mexico to Costa Rica, while of the other form specimens from Panama and various parts of South America are in the collec- tion. Dr. Reverdin, in his paper, adds Brazil to the range of both species, and Mexico to that of syrichtides, in addition to other records. From the aggregated data it would thus seem impossible to arrive at any conclusion based on distribution, and we can only retain syrichtus Fall, as it has hitherto been used.
Montivagus Reak., based on two specimens in the Field Mus-
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS
eum which are very fully discussed by Dr. Skinner in the paper mentioned above, refers to the brown suffused form of svrichtns. Unfortunately Reakirt's original description does not mention any of the absolute distinguishing characters of syrichius, but neither does it mention their absence, so we see no reason whatever to doubt the validity of the types, a con- tingency which Dr. Skinner suggests. We have examined th* t\pes, and there is a compared male in the Barnes collect ion. The brown suffusion on the under surface of the secondaries is very conspicuous, and offers, in our opinion, ample basis for the separation of montivagus as a form of syricJitiis. This is the form described by Dr. Reverdin as fnmosa. The speci- men which he figures is one of the most heavily suffused, but this character is subject to considerable variation. A recent note from Dr. Reverdin advises us that he was not acquainted with the true identity of montivagus at the time he described fnmosa, due, no doubt, to the misuse of the name for tcssellata for so many years even in our own country. Unfortunately Dr. Reverdin's name must be regarded as a synonym.
The species described as syrichtides by Dr. Reverdin does not come within our province, and so we have indulged in no speculation on its possible identity with orcits Cr. It is un- doubtedly distinct from our species, as shown by the excellent figures of the male genitalia published by our esteemed colleague.
The arrangement of syrichtns in the "Check List" should be modified thus :
493 syrichtus Fab.
form montivagus Reak. fumosa Rev.
^ ;•; ;•; :•: % 3f
A note by Mr. Roswcll C. Williams (Ent. News, XXX, p. 38) regarding the apparent specific distinctness of //. occiden- talis Skin, and tcssellata Scud, on the basis of genital structure led us to examine a long series of these races recently. The genitalia do undoubtedly show two very easily ' parable forms of valves, but these are connected by a great variety of inter- mediate forms. In true tessellata the valve is provided with a
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
slender dorsal projection near its tip, which may show a slight lateral projection ; in occidcntalis from California the valve is without this spine-like process, but in its place exhibits two low angular prominences in all the specimens examined. In specimens from Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and Califor- nia we find a variable development of two slender processes from a common base, a slender process with a long branch, or a long, rather thick process more or less deeply bifurcate at its tip. It is impossible to draw a definite line between the extreme forms, so we prefer to retain the old conception of occidcntalis as a pale western race of tcsscllata, limited in range to the Pacific Coast States and portions of those immediately to the east. The race is not at all well marked, for in any part of the country the extent of the white areas of tcsscllata is subject to great variation.
*******
The difficulty of formulating any superficial distinction be- tween macdunnoughi Oberth. and .vanthus Edw. recently led us to examine the genitalia of the two species, which prove to be identical. Our three specimens of macdunnoitghi and one now in the National Museum are quite similar in appearance, while four specimens of .ranthus are of as many different forms. The specimens of macdunnoughi, however, are all from one place, Redington, Arizona, while those of .ranthus are from four different localities. We may, therefore, safely conclude that macdunnoughi is a synonym of xanthus, a variable species as are all of our others in this genus.
Sympetrum atripes (Hagen) a good Species (Odon.).
By R. HEBER HOWE, JR., Thoreau Museum of Natural History,
Concord, Massachusetts.
In a collection of New England Odonata that Mr. George C. Wheeler has given me for determination I have found two interesting captures. The first, three specimens of Agrion amatum (Hagen) from Petersham, Massachusetts (1000 ft.) taken along the Swift River, July 19, 1920. The second, two (damaged) males of Sympetrum atripes (Hagen) col-
xxxii, '21]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
81
lected September 9, 1919, along the shore of one of the arms of Lake Winnepesaukec (500 ft.) in the town of Meredith, New Hampshire. These spt_\mcns at once attracted my at- tention on account of their very "villous" thorares and black legs. The wings are somewhat "smoky," and without Haves- cent costal margins, and with the genitalia and abdominal appendages unlike those of other New Kngland species. Through the kindness of Dr. Hanks they have been compared with the Hagen types preserved in the Museum of ( "ompara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, and found to be identical. Though undoubtedly atrip cs is, on account of its genitalia in the semicinctum-vicinum-costiferuin section, and as stated by Hagen a near relative of 6\ costifcrum, the costal margins as already noted are not flavescent as in that species.
Sympetrum atripcs since it was described from the Yellow- stone in the Report of the Pseudo-neuroptcra and Neuroptera collected by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter in 1873 in Colorado (page 588, 1874) has never been again recorded. It has recently been
Sympetrum atripes Hagen, <J , Lake Winnepesaukee, New Hampshire, September 9, 1919, collected bv Mr. George C. Wheeler.
Above, left profile view of abdominal appendages. Below, It-It profile view of geni- talia of abdominal segment 2, inverted.
82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
questionably placed in the synonymy of 5". cosiiferum by Dr. Ris, and is catalogued by Dr. Muttkowski (Bull. Publ. Mus. Milwaukee 160, 1910) as "Canadian; Yellowstone."
The most perfect specimen measures length 34 mm., alar expansion 55 mm., pterostigma 2.5 mm. One specimen lacks the head, the other the six distal segments of the abdomen. The genitalia and abdominal appendages are here figured. Mr. Wheeler has generously given the author one of the specimens, the other remains in his own collection.
This capture adds a new species to the New England fauna which now numbers 159, as C or dulcg aster erroneus Hagen and Sympctrum corruption (Hagen) have also been added since the publication of the author's Manual.
Since writing the above I have found a reference by Dr. Muttkowski (Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6:167, 1908) to a teneral "Sympctnnn sp." taken at Fox Lake, Dodge County, Wisconsin, which' he states suggests 5. costifcrum "save that the tarsi are entirely black." He figures the abdominal appen- dages and genitalia which resemble closely the figures here given. In fact the genitalia as figured in Dr. Needham's Aquatic Insects (520) of S. semi cine turn resemble much more closely these than they do those given for S. costifcrum, and as they do actual material examined. In a later paper (ibid. 8:58, 1910) Dr. Muttkowski refers to another similar speci- men (teneral) taken Aug. 13-14, 1909 at North Hudson, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, which also has "entirely black tarsi." Except for his remark that the "costal area of all wings is flavescent" it would appear that his specimens were .S". atripcs, and in all teneral specimens before me of 5\ costifcrum the flavescence is more marked than in the adults.*
[*In my collection, at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, are a male and a female of 5". atripcs, labeled "Yellowstone, Aug. 30, 1894, C. C. Adams" and "Compared with H's type hy P. P. C." The male has the denticles on the inferior surface of the superior appendages, four in number, nearer together than in Dr. Howe's figure and occupying only the terminal fourth of the inferior margin as seen in profile view (excluding the upward slope to the apex), sides of abdominal segment 2 not hairy, a very slight flavescence along the anterior margin of both front and hind wings. — Philip P. Calvert.]
ii, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Observations on Psyllobora taedata LeConte, a Coccinellid Attacking Mildews (Col.).1
By W. M. DAVIDSON," . \lhanibra, California.
Psyllobora taedata LeConte is a common coccinrllid throughout the cultivated portions of California and the writer has observed it the past eight years in numerous localities. It occurs in about equal abundance in the coastal regions and in the interior valleys.
In all stages the insect is to be found associated with fungus infestations of the mildew type and it appears to be especially attracted to rose and apple powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa Lev. and Podosphaera oxyacanthac De Bary respec- tively).
The adult beetles hibernate either singly or in small colonies in sheltered locations. They issue forth in April and thence- forth breeding takes place until November and even December.
Pre-eminently a phytophagous insect, the species, never- theless. is wholly beneficial in that it confines its feeding to de- structive fungi. It, however, rarely attacks incipient mildew- outbreaks. but rather well established infestations and in this respect conforms to the normal character of predatory coccin- ellids.
The adult beetles are small convex insects, about 2.2 mm. in length by 1.6 mm. in width; sordid yellowish-white, liberally blotched and spotted with brown and brownish-black macu- lations. Immature stages are whitish : the larvae and pupae bearing grayish markings.
DESCRIPTION OF STAGES.
The ovum is white, elongate, oval, deposited with the long axis at right angles to the leaf or stem surface. Length .6 mm., width .2 mm. The eggs are generally deposited on the surface of a leaf attacked by fungus, more rarely on the stem. When the foliage is being curled by the action of the fungus the eggs are usually placed inside the curl. They are rarely deposited in groups larger than 4; most often there are either 2 or 4 in a group.
The newly-hatched, larva is short oval, light gray, armed with long
1 Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture. " Deciduous Fruit Insert Invt-vti^ation-,, I'.ureau i»f Entomolo Dept. of Agriculture.
84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [xxxii, '21
slender whitish hairs, legs hyaline. Size .77 mm. x .23 mm. Twenty-four hours after hatching the larva is white with a gray head. The lateral pairs of thoracic and abdominal tubercles are white, the dorso-lateral and medio-dorsal gray. The tubercles bear whitish hairs and those of the lateral rows are the longest, about seven-eighths the length of the anterior margin of the pro-thorax.
After each molt the body color of the larva is gray with a median lighter stripe, the general color becoming paler as the instar progresses, so that at the end of each instar the insect is white. Following the first molt the larva measures about 1.6 mm. x .55 mm., following the second about 2.2 mm. x .62 mm., and following the third about 2.7 mm. x .8 mm. The full-grown larva measures 3.1 mm. x 1.2 mm. It is elongate, sordid white, the eyes black, the head gray. The thoracic sclerites have ovoid, dusky gray tubercles armed on the margins with rather long pale hairs. The medio-dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles of abdominal seg- ments 2 to 7, inclusive, are circular and gray, the color on those of seg- ment 7 inconspicuous ; segment 1 has a pair of medio-dorsal gray tuber- cles and the dorso-lateral pair yellow. On each lateral margin is a row of sordid white tubercles. Each tubercle bears several pale hairs, those on the lateral tubercles being longest. Legs sordid whitish, coxae gray. Venter white.
Following the fourth molt or ecdysis the insect becomes a pupa. The fupa is short, oval, sordid white or whitish gray in ground color; head white, eyes black ; prothorax white, the margin sometimes light gray ; wing pads gray, darker towards the apices ; legs whitish ; second abdom- inal segment bears two small, light gray spots, one on either side of the medio-dorsum ; third segment with 6 sub-circular black spots in a trans- verse row, innermost pair largest, outermost pair smallest; fourth seg- ment with four smaller black spots corresponding to the two inner pairs on preceding segment ; venter whitish ; short whitish vestiture occurs all over the body. Darker individuals have six black spots on segment 2 and on the fifth segment four spots like those on the fourth, also two small blackish spots at the medio-dorsum of the suture dividing the second and third thoracic sclerites. Length of pupa 1.9 mm. to 2.1 mm. Width 1.2 mm. to 1.3 mm. Height .85 mm. to 1.05 mm.
The adult beetle, which emerges from the pupa, is convex and broadly oval ; the pronotum subimpunctate, whitish with a median and four other brown spots arranged in a semi-circle and sometimes coalescing into an arc; elytra whitish or yellowish-white, each with three brownish- black subcircular spots, two variably shaped light brown spots and a median light brown vitta ; the maculation of the elytra is variable as to the relative sizes of the spots, but the markings occupy a collective area slightly greater than that of the pale ground color. Antennae and legs yellowish-brown. Venter of thorax and abdomen dark brownish-black.
XXXli, '21] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85
BIOLOGY.
In rearing the immature forms, glass vials with cotton >t uppers were used and when records of the length of instars were desired the food given was rose mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa).
Between September 12 and 30, 1918, a female deposited 110 ova, or 6 per day: another deposited 106 ova between Sep- tember 10 and October 4, 1918, or 4.2 per day. The largest number deposited in a single day by an individual was 14, each female on one occasion reaching this amount. During the egg-laving period the beetles fed on rose mildew. The adult female commences oviposition about ten days after emergence.
Out of a total of 74 eggs under observation during August and September, 1918, all but two hatched. Field observations also indicate that very few eggs of this species are infertile.
TABLE 1. Incubation periods of 14 clusters of cyys during 1918;
Sacramento, Calif.
Number Date of Date of Incubation
(.Muster No. of Eggs Deposition Hatching Period (Days)
1 10 July 17 July 22 5
2 2 Aug. 25 Aug. 30
3 17 Aug. 29 Sept. 3
4 8 Aug. 30 Sept. 4 .
5 6 Aug. 31 Sept. 5
6 2 Sept. 18 Sept. 27 9
7 4 Sept. 18 Sept. 26 8
8 Sept 19 Sept. 28 9
9 9 Sept. 20 Sept. 28 8 1(1 5 Sept. 20 Sept. 29 9
11 3 Sept. 21 Sept. 29 8
12 13 Sept. 21 Oct. 1 10
13 18 Sept. 25 Oct. 2
14 3 Sept. 26 Oct. 3
From Table 1, it is seen that the minimum incubation period at the warmest part of the year is about 5 days and that in the second half of September around the autumnal equinox it is increased to about 8J/2 days.
In the field the eggs are always placed close by a fungus infestation so that newly hatched larvae find a food supply at hand. All through their larval existence the insects under ol»cr\ ation fed on the fungi ; when the mycelial filaments were thick the insects cut semicircular swaths through them. M>me- what reminiscent of the manner of feeding of certain lepidop- terous and saw-fly larvae on leaves.
86
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[xxxii, '21
TABLE II.
Larval and pupal instars of twenty-one individuals, 1918, Sacramento, Calif.
|
DATE LARVA |
Date Adult |
Larval and Pupal Stages |
|||||||||
|
Hatched |
Molt i |
Molt 2 Molt 3 |
Tailed |
Pupated |
Emerged |
(Days) |
|||||
|
July |
15 |
July 20 |
Julv21 July22 |
July 25 |
July 26 |
July 30 |
15 |
(11-1- 4) |
|||
|
( < |
15 |
" 20 |
"'21 " 22 |
t t |
25 |
t t |
26 |
" 30 |
15 |
(11-1- 4) |
|
|
< t |
15 |
< t |
25 |
i t |
26 |
" 30 |
15 |
(11-1- 4) |
|||
|
t < |
15 |
< t |
25 |
t ( |
28 |
Aug. 1 |
17 |
(13-1- 4) |
|||
|
Aug |
30 |
Sep. 4 |
Sep. 10 Sep. 16 |
Sep |
20 |
Sep |
22 |
Sep. 29 |
30 |
(23-1- 7) |
|
|
t i |
30 |
4 |
" 10 |
16 |
t i |
22 |
I t |
25 |
" 30 |
31 |
(25-1- 5) |
|
Sep. |
4 |
" 12 |
14 |
1 1 |
21 |
t t |
23 |
" 30 |
26 |
(19-1- 7) |
|
|
4 I |
4 |
" 12 |
14 |
1 1 |
21 |
i t |
24 |
Oct. 1 |
27 |
(20-1- 7) |
|
|
( i |
5 |
" 8 |
16 |
i t |
20 |
t ( |
22 |
1 |
26 |
(17-1- 9) |
|
|
( t |
16 |
27 |
t < |
30 |
Oct. |
2 |
" 10 |
24 |
(16-1- 8) |
||
|
( i |
16 |
27 |
Oct. |
1 |
t i |
2 |
" 10 |
24 |
(16-1- 8) |
||
|
t ( |
19 |
" 21 |
" 25 |
28 |
i t |
1 |
« ( |
2 |
" 10 |
21 |
(13-1- 8) |
|
t t |
24 |
" 28 |
O |
ct. 4 |
< t |
9 |
t < |
14 |
" 25 |
31 |
(20-1-11) |
|
( i |
27 |
6 |
t i |
10 |
t 1 |
13 |
" 26 |
29 |
(16-1-13) |
||
|
t i |
27 |
6 |
i ( |
10 |
i t |
14 |
" 26 |
29 |
(17-1-12) |
||
|
( ( |
29 |
Oct. 7 |
10 |
t i |
16 |
t i |
18 |
" 29 |
30 |
(19-1-11) |
|
|
( t |
29 |
' 7 |
10 |
t 4 |
16 |
t t |
19 |
" 29 |
30 |
(20-1-10) |
|
|
( ( |
29 |
' 7 |
10 |
< 1 |
16 |
t t |
19 |
" 30 |
31 |
(20-1-11) |
|
|
Oct. |
3 |
Oct. 8 |
1 12 |
17 |
< t |
23 |
t < |
20 |
Nov. 9 |
|